CN113383732A

CN113383732A - Artificial insemination and incubation method for Oxytropis spinosa juvenile fish

Info

Publication number: CN113383732A
Application number: CN202110847963.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋炜; 熊逸飞; 王鲁民
Original assignee: East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Current assignee: East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority date: 2021-07-27
Filing date: 2021-07-27
Publication date: 2021-09-14
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-27
Also published as: CN113383732B

Abstract

A large number of high-quality parents are obtained by utilizing the reproductive migration characteristic of the juvenile fish of the acanthopanax spinosus, the ratio of male and female in the artificial insemination of the juvenile fish of the acanthopanax spinosus is 1.2:1, the fertilization rate reaches over 95 percent by adopting a dry insemination method, the seed hatchability can reach 70.0-73.8 percent, and the requirement of economic production can be met.

Description

Artificial insemination and incubation method for Oxytropis spinosa juvenile fish

Technical Field

The invention relates to an artificial insemination and incubation method of acanthocephalus japonicus, belonging to the technical field of mariculture.

Background

Echinacea juvenile fish (Collichthys lucidus) is an important small benthic economic fish in China and is widely distributed in the yellow Bohai sea, the east sea and the south sea. The juvenile fish of acanthopanax spinosus is tender and delicious in meat quality, is one of high-grade aquatic products which are favored by coastal residents, has very limited quantity and high price in the current market, and can not completely meet the market demand. Chinese patent document CN 107114283A discloses an artificial breeding method of Chimonanthus spinosus, which improves the fertility rate, the hatchability and the fry survival rate of the Chimonanthus spinosus by extracting and diluting the semen of the Chimonanthus spinosus, the mixing ratio of the semen and the ovum and the insemination time; chinese patent document CN 111264423a discloses a method for raising seedlings of spiny head mermaid, which improves the success rate of insemination and obtains batch fertilized eggs by means of dissecting ovaries and spermary nest and combining dry fertilization. Both methods have low fertilization rate due to limited number of the parent fishes caught by the spiny head mermaid, easy loss of mature ova of the parent fishes, less sperm amount of male fishes and asynchronous male and female gonad development; and the artificial incubation technology of the myriophyllum echinocandis is not perfect, is only limited in an experimental stage, and cannot be operated in a large scale.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an artificial insemination and incubation method for the juvenile fish of the acanthopanax spinosus, which ensures the mass propagation of the juvenile fish of the acanthopanax spinosus, has high survival rate and can meet the requirement of economical production.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

parent collection and screening: the spiny greenfish migrates to the estuary offshore area or harbor in the middle of 5 to 6 months per year, where it colonizes and spawns. The surface temperature of the sea area during spawning is 22-25 ℃, and the salinity is 19-22; tidal current is usually 0.8-1.3 m/s. According to the characteristic that the acanthogobius spinosus has obvious clustering property in the spawning period, enough parent fishes of the acanthogobius spinosus can be collected in a spawning site in a net catching mode. After being captured, the young spiny head fish is judged to be male and female according to the expansion degree of the abdomen, the gonad (spermary) of the male parent fish is full and fat when in sexual maturity, milky and thick seminal fluid flows out from the abdomen of the lightly pressed fish body, and the fish is linear in water and quickly dispersed; the upper and lower abdomens of the female parent fish are both expanded, the outline of the ovary is obvious, the abdomen of the fish is lightly pressed, and the free mature eggs overflow from the genital pore.

Artificial insemination: as the spiny globefish is a capelin fish, lives in the lower layer of the seawater, scales of the spiny globefish are easy to fall off during capture and are not easy to keep alive, the artificial insemination of the parents is carried out on a fishing boat. The fishing boat is provided with an artificial insemination operation platform, a 200L live fish temporary rearing container and an automatically-adjustable induction shading curtain, the shading curtain is used for automatically adjusting light rays in the boat, the fishing boat has a good shading effect, semen is prevented from being directly irradiated by sunlight, ultraviolet rays and infrared rays have a great harm effect on the sperms of the acanthocephalus spinosus, 80% -90% of the sperms of the acanthocephalus spinosus are dead after the sperms of the acanthocephalus spinosus are directly irradiated by the sunlight for 10-15 min, and the artificial insemination operation platform is used for preventing the sperms from being directly irradiated by the sunlight. The ratio of the sex to the sex of the adult inseminating of the spiny head mermaid is 1.2:1, and a dry inseminating method is adopted. Before artificial insemination, firstly, completely absorbing water on the body surface of a fish by using a dry towel, wiping off scales on the abdomen, grabbing the head of the fish by one hand, grabbing the fish by the other hand from the back of a cloaca spinosa cloaca, enabling the cloaca to face downwards, enabling eggs to flow into a clean container if the eggs can automatically flow, pushing the eggs to the cloaca downwards along the position of a gonad if the eggs need to be extruded, extruding the eggs into the clean container, then putting the spermary of the cut male fish into the other container according to the method, cutting the eggs, pouring the cut eggs into the container containing the eggs, uniformly stirring by using a writing brush, immediately adding fresh seawater with the salinity of 20 into the container, stirring for 1-2 min, finally standing for 5min, separating floating eggs (fertilized eggs) from settled eggs (dead eggs), putting the fertilized eggs into black plastic buckets containing 10L filtered seawater, wherein about 8 ten thousand fertilized eggs are contained in each black plastic bucket, sealing under oxygenated condition and transporting back to the farm.

Artificial incubation: after the fertilized eggs are transported back to a culture farm, standing is carried out for 35min, the floating fertilized eggs are placed into a round pond with the circumference of 24m for hatching, the height of the pond is 2.2m, the water depth is 1.5m, the density is controlled at 8 ten thousand eggs/m 3, and continuous micro-inflation is carried out for artificial hatching. The incubation conditions are controlled to be 24-26 ℃, the salinity is 23-24, the pH is 8.0, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 6.5 mg/L. The incubation needs to avoid the direct irradiation of sunlight and environmental mutation. And (3) stopping air for 3-5 min when the fertilized eggs are developed into a muscle effect period, namely the larva fishes are hatched, sucking dead eggs and dirt at the bottom of the larva fishes, and supplementing fresh seawater in a proper amount. And (3) checking the hatching condition of the fertilized eggs at intervals of 0.5-1 h in the hatching process, observing the development condition of embryos, timely processing the problems when the embryos are found, and making a record. The duration from fertilized egg to hatching membrane of the embryo of the Oxytropis myriophylla is 20-21 h.

The invention also provides a preserved plum fish hatching device, which comprises a hatching box, wherein the front side of the hatching box is provided with a box door, the lower side inside the hatching box is provided with a hatching frame, the upper side of the hatching box is provided with a stirring component, the left lower side and the right lower side inside the hatching box are symmetrically provided with temperature sensors in a front-back manner, the left front side of the end part of the hatching box is provided with a control panel, and the upper side of the back side of the hatching box is provided with a heat preservation component.

The stirring subassembly includes stirring motor, actuating lever and puddler, the actuating lever is installed to stirring motor's drive end, the other end of actuating lever sets up the puddler.

The stirring motor is arranged at the end part of the incubator, and the stirring rod is made of long feather materials.

The left side of the end part of the control panel is provided with a display screen, and the right side of the end part of the control panel is provided with an operation key.

The front of chamber door is provided with the recess, two upside corners are provided with the locking knob about the front of chamber door, the bottom and the incubator hinge connection of chamber door, the front and the locking knob of incubator correspond and are provided with the lockhole.

The heat preservation subassembly includes power box and constant temperature hot plate, the front upside of power box is provided with the constant temperature hot plate, the back upside setting that the power box is located the incubator, the constant temperature hot plate is located the inside setting of incubator.

The heat preservation assembly, the control panel, the stirring assembly and the temperature sensor are electrically connected.

The invention has the following advantages and positive effects: the stirred rod is made of long feather materials to mix the cut ovary and the testis, and the long feather is gently stirred during the mixing, so that the whole fertilization effect is better, and the incubation quality and effect are improved; the inner part of the incubator can be heated at constant temperature through the arranged constant-temperature heating plate, the inner incubation environment of the incubator is improved, the inner temperature of the incubator can be monitored in real time through the temperature sensor, the inner temperature of the incubator is sensed more comprehensively, the whole structure is simple, the use is convenient, the practicability is higher, and a large number of high-quality parents are obtained by utilizing the reproductive migration characteristic of the acanthocephalus globulus; physiological and ecological conditions of the early development stage of the young sea croakers with the acanthocephalus spinosus are found out, the fertilization rate reaches more than 95%, the hatching rate of the fries can reach 70.0-73.8%, and the requirements of economical production can be met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the stirring assembly of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the heat-insulating assembly of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. an incubator; 101. a lock hole; 2. a box door; 201. a groove; 202. locking the knob; 3. an incubation frame; 4. a stirring assembly; 401. a stirring motor; 402. a drive rod; 403. a stirring rod; 5. a temperature sensor; 6. a control panel; 601. a display screen; 602. operating a key; 7. a heat preservation assembly; 701. a power supply box; 702. and (5) heating the plate at constant temperature.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Parent collection and screening: the spiny syphilis fish migrates to the waters of australia, Sandu, Fujian, and Nigdu, 5 to 6 months per year, where they colonize and lay eggs. The surface temperature of the sea area during spawning is 22-25 ℃, and the salinity is 19-22; tidal current is usually 0.8-1.3 m/s. According to the characteristic that the acanthopanax papyriferus spawning period has obvious clustering performance, 16 days in 6 months in 2019 to 20 days in 6 months in 2019, namely fourteen months to eighteen months in lunar calendar, enough acanthopanax papyriferus parent fishes can be collected in a spawning site in a net catching mode. After being captured, the young spiny head fish is judged to be male and female according to the expansion degree of the abdomen, the gonad (spermary) of the male parent fish is full and fat when in sexual maturity, milky and thick seminal fluid flows out from the abdomen of the lightly pressed fish body, and the fish is linear in water and quickly dispersed; the upper and lower abdomens of the female parent fish are both expanded, the outline of the ovary is obvious, the abdomen of the fish is lightly pressed, and the free mature eggs overflow from the genital pore.

Artificial insemination: as the spiny globefish is a capelin fish, lives in the lower layer of the seawater, scales of the spiny globefish are easy to fall off during capture and are not easy to keep alive, the artificial insemination of the parents is carried out on a fishing boat. The ratio of the sex to the sex of the adult inseminating of the spiny head mermaid is 1.2:1, and a dry inseminating method is adopted. Before artificial insemination, firstly, completely absorbing water on the body surface of a fish by using a dry towel, wiping off scales on the abdomen, grabbing the head of the fish by one hand, grabbing the fish by the other hand from the back of a cloaca spinosa cloaca, enabling the cloaca to face downwards, enabling eggs to flow into a clean container if the eggs can automatically flow, pushing the eggs to the cloaca downwards along the position of a gonad if the eggs need to be extruded, extruding the eggs into the clean container, then putting the spermary of the cut male fish into the other container according to the method, cutting the eggs, pouring the cut eggs into the container containing the eggs, uniformly stirring by using a writing brush, immediately adding fresh seawater with the salinity of 20 into the container, stirring for 1-2 min, finally standing for 5min, separating floating eggs (fertilized eggs) from settled eggs (dead eggs), putting the fertilized eggs into black plastic buckets containing 10L filtered seawater, wherein about 8 ten thousand fertilized eggs are contained in each black plastic bucket, sealing under oxygenated condition and transporting back to the farm.

Artificial incubation: after the fertilized eggs are transported back to a farm, standing is carried out for 35min, the floating fertilized eggs are placed into an incubator for incubation, and continuous micro-inflation is carried out for artificial incubation. The incubation conditions are controlled to be 24-26 ℃, the salinity is 23-24, the pH is 8.0, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 6.5 mg/L. The incubation needs to avoid the direct irradiation of sunlight and environmental mutation. And (3) stopping air for 3-5 min when the fertilized eggs are developed into a muscle effect period, namely the larva fishes are hatched, sucking dead eggs and dirt at the bottom of the larva fishes, and supplementing fresh seawater in a proper amount. And (3) checking the hatching condition of the fertilized eggs at intervals of 0.5-1 h in the hatching process, observing the development condition of embryos, timely processing the problems when the embryos are found, and making a record. The duration from fertilized egg to hatching membrane of the embryo of the Oxytropis myriophylla is 20-21 h.

TABLE 1 comparison of Oncorhynchus spinosus artificial insemination procedures

Note: the same letters in the upper right corner of the numerical values in the same row indicate that the differences are not significant (P > 0.05).

TABLE 2 relationship between embryo development and Water temperature of Oxytropis myriophylla

TABLE 3 hatchability and teratogenicity of fertilized eggs of Chimonanthus spinosus in various salinity

Example 2

The utility model provides a spinosad juvenile fish hatching apparatus, includes incubator 1, incubator 1's front is provided with chamber door 2, and incubator 1's inside downside is provided with hatch frame 3, and incubator 1's upside is provided with stirring subassembly 4, and incubator 1's inside left and right sides two downside front and back symmetries are provided with temperature-sensing ware 5, and incubator 1's tip left side front side is provided with control panel 6, and incubator 1's back upside is provided with heat preservation subassembly 7.

In an embodiment, please refer to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the stirring assembly 4 includes a stirring motor 401, a driving rod 402 and a stirring rod 403, the driving rod 402 is installed at the driving end of the stirring motor 401, the stirring rod 403 is arranged at the other end of the driving rod 402, the stirring motor 401 is arranged at the end of the incubator 1, the stirring rod 403 is made of long feather, the ovary and the testis after being cut into pieces are mixed by the long feather made of the long feather, and the whole fertilization effect is better and the incubation quality and effect are improved by the gentle stirring of the long feather during the period.

The left side of the end part of the control panel 6 is provided with a display screen 601, the right side of the end part of the control panel 6 is provided with an operation button 602, the front side of the box door 2 is provided with a groove 201, the corners of the left upper side and the right upper side of the front side of the box door 2 are provided with locking knobs 202, the bottom of the box door 2 is connected with the incubator 1 in a hinge manner, the front side of the incubator 1 is provided with a locking hole 101 corresponding to the locking knobs 202, the heat preservation component 7 comprises a power supply box 701 and a constant temperature heating plate 702, the upper side of the front side of the power supply box 701 is provided with the constant temperature heating plate 702, the power supply box 701 is arranged on the upper side of the back side of the incubator 1, the constant temperature heating plate 702 is arranged inside the incubator 1, the heat preservation component 7, the control panel 6, the stirring component 4 and the temperature sensor 5 are electrically connected, the inside of the incubator 1 can be heated at constant temperature through the arranged constant temperature heating plate 702, the inside incubation environment of the incubator 1 is improved, can carry out real time monitoring to the inside temperature of incubator 1 through temperature-sensing ware 5, make the inside temperature-sensing of degree case 1 more comprehensive, overall structure is simple, and convenient to use has higher practicality.

The working principle is as follows: when the incubator is used, the cut ovaries and the spermary are placed into the incubator 3, the stirring component 4 is stirred softly through the control button 602, the constant-temperature heating plate 702 is heated through the control panel 6, so that the incubator 1 is kept at a proper temperature for incubation, the temperature inside the incubator 1 is sensed through the temperature sensor 5 in the incubation process, real-time display is carried out through the display screen 601, the cut ovaries and the spermary are mixed through the arranged stirring rod 403 made of long feather, the overall fertilization effect is better through the soft stirring of the long feather during the incubation process, the incubation quality and effect are improved, the constant-temperature heating plate 702 can be used for heating the inside of the incubator 1 at constant temperature, the internal incubation environment of the incubator 1 is improved, the internal temperature of the incubator 1 can be monitored in real time through the temperature sensor 5, the internal temperature sensing of the incubator 1 is more comprehensive, the whole structure is simple, the use is convenient, and the practicability is high.

Claims

1. An artificial insemination and incubation method for the Oxytropis myriophylla is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) parent collection and screening: migrating towards the estuary offshore area or estuary in 5-6 middle of the year, collecting enough parent fishes of the spiny head mermaid in a spawning ground in a net capture mode, judging males and females according to the expansion degree of the abdomen after the spiny head mermaid is captured, enabling the gonads of the male parent fishes to be full and thick when sexual maturity occurs, enabling milky thick semen to flow out from the abdomen of a lightly pressed fish body, enabling the fish body to be linear in water and quickly dispersing; the upper abdomen and the lower abdomen of the female parent fish are both expanded, the outline of the ovary is obvious, the abdomen of the female parent fish is slightly pressed, and the free mature eggs overflow from the genital pore;

(2) artificial insemination: carrying out artificial insemination on the parents on a fishing boat, wherein the ratio of male and female in the artificial insemination on the myriophyllum echinocandis is 1.2:1, and a dry insemination method is adopted;

(3) artificial incubation: and (4) after the fertilized eggs are transported back to the farm, standing for 35min, and putting the floating fertilized eggs into an incubator for incubation.

2. An artificial insemination and incubation method according to claim 1, wherein a box door (2) is arranged on the front surface of the incubator (1), an incubation frame (3) is arranged on the inner lower side of the incubator (1), a stirring component (4) is arranged on the upper side of the incubator (1), temperature sensors (5) are symmetrically arranged on the left lower side and the right lower side of the inner part of the incubator (1) in the front-back direction, a control panel (6) is arranged on the left front side of the end part of the incubator (1), a heat preservation component (7) is arranged on the upper side of the back surface of the incubator (1), the stirring component (4) comprises a stirring motor (401), a driving rod (402) and a stirring rod (403), the driving rod (402) is arranged at the driving end of the stirring motor (401), the stirring rod (403) is arranged at the other end of the driving rod (402), and the stirring motor (401) is arranged at the end part of the incubator (1), puddler (403) adopt the preparation of long feather material, the tip left side of control panel (6) is provided with display screen (601), the tip right side of control panel (6) is provided with controls button (602), heat preservation subassembly (7) are including power box (701) and constant temperature hot plate (702), the positive upside of power box (701) is provided with constant temperature hot plate (702), power box (701) are located the back upside setting of incubator (1), constant temperature hot plate (702) are located the inside setting of incubator (1).

3. The artificial insemination and incubation method as described in claim 1, wherein said fishing boat in step (2) is equipped with an artificial insemination console, a 200L live fish temporary rearing container, and an automatically adjustable induction curtain, which is used for automatically adjusting light in the boat and has good light shading effect.

4. Artificial insemination and hatching method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said dry insemination method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, absorbing water on the surface of the fish body by using a dry towel, wiping off scales on the abdomen, grasping the head of the fish with one hand, grasping the fish body from the back of the acanthocephalus globigii cloaca with the other hand, leading the cloaca to face downwards, allowing the eggs to flow into a clean container if the eggs can flow automatically, pushing towards the cloaca along the position of the gonad from top to bottom if squeezing is needed, squeezing the eggs into the clean container, then placing the spermary with the male fish cut off into another container according to the method, shearing, pouring into a container filled with eggs, uniformly stirring by using a writing brush, immediately adding freshly prepared seawater with the salinity of 20 into the container, stirring for 1-2 min, finally standing for 5min to separate floating eggs, namely fertilized eggs, from sinking eggs, namely dead eggs, putting the fertilized eggs into black plastic barrels filled with 10L of filtered seawater, filling about 8 ten thousand fertilized eggs into each black plastic barrel, sealing and transporting back to a farm under the condition of oxygenation.

5. The artificial insemination and incubation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the incubation condition is controlled at a temperature of 24-26 ℃, a salinity of 23-24, a pH of 8.0, and a dissolved oxygen of more than 6.5mg/L, environmental mutation and direct sunlight irradiation are avoided during incubation, when fertilized eggs are developed into a muscle effect period, namely, when the larval fish is to be incubated out, air is stopped for 3-5 min, settled dead eggs and dirt are sucked off, a proper amount of fresh seawater is supplemented, the incubation condition of the fertilized eggs is checked at intervals of 0.5-1 h during incubation, the development condition of the embryos is observed, problems are timely treated, and records are made, and the duration of the embryo of the spiny head mermaid from the fertilized eggs to the incubated membrana membrane is 20-21 h.