CN113366719A - 火花塞连接元件和火花塞 - Google Patents

火花塞连接元件和火花塞 Download PDF

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CN113366719A
CN113366719A CN202080013115.8A CN202080013115A CN113366719A CN 113366719 A CN113366719 A CN 113366719A CN 202080013115 A CN202080013115 A CN 202080013115A CN 113366719 A CN113366719 A CN 113366719A
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contact element
spark plug
mass
oxide
contact
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CN113366719B (zh
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B·莱因施
C·沃瑙
S·努费尔
H·布劳恩
C·昆泽尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/40—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices
    • H01T13/41—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices with interference suppressing or shielding means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract

本发明涉及火花塞连接元件，其包括第一接触元件(9a)和第二接触元件(9b)，其中电阻元件(8)布置在第一接触元件(9a)和第二接触元件(9b)之间，其中第一接触元件(9a)和第二接触元件(9b)具有102 S/m至108 S/m的比电导，并且电阻元件(8)具有10‑3 S/m至101 S/m的比电导。

Description

火花塞连接元件和火花塞
现有技术
本发明涉及具有改善的抗氧化性的火花塞连接元件和火花塞。
布置在内燃机的燃烧室中的火花塞具有1至14 kΩ的比电阻，以便改善火花塞的电磁兼容性。通常，在此使用火花塞连接元件，其将火花塞的电接头与中心电极的底座连接，并且包含玻璃、结晶氧化物和至少一种无机非氧化物导电材料，通常是炭黑。根据要调节的电阻或电导率，火花塞连接元件也可以由多个单组件组成。在火花塞的制造过程期间使用高温，这导致非氧化物导电材料的氧化和因此火花塞连接元件的电阻值的劣化。这种氧化也可在火花塞的常规使用期间发生。
发明公开
相反，本发明的火花塞连接元件的特征在于非常高的抗氧化性和因此在持久稳定的高电阻的情况下非常长久的耐用性。在此，火花塞连接元件包括第一接触元件、第二接触元件和电阻元件，其中电阻元件布置在第一接触元件和第二接触元件之间。第一接触元件在火花塞中还与火花塞的电接头连接。第二接触元件在火花塞中与中心电极的底座连接。电阻元件用于为火花塞提供比总电阻，而第一接触元件和第二接触元件改善相邻部件之间的电导率。
根据本发明，通过使第一接触元件和第二接触元件具有102 S/m至108 S/m的比电导且电阻元件具有10-3 S/m至101 S/m的比电导，实现了火花塞连接元件的高抗氧化性和良好电阻值。比电导在此可以根据DIN 1324 (1988年5月)确定。
由于本发明的火花塞连接元件，实现了其非常好的耐用性并且获得了可稳定调节的电阻值。
从属权利要求展示了本发明的优选的扩展方案。
为了能够特别简单和稳定地调节电阻元件的电阻值和因此火花塞的电阻值，第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件包含至少一种第一氧化物。特别有利地，由于可氧化性小，第一接触元件和第二接触元件和电阻元件都包含至少一种第一氧化物。
第一氧化物在此选自下列通式(1)的氧化物：
M1-xDxO2 式(1)
其中M选自Ti、Zr、Sn及其组合，D选自V、Nb、Ta、P、As、Sb、Bi及其组合，且0< x<0.5。
替代地或另外地，第一氧化物是下列通式(2)中的至少一种：
Zn1-yQyO 式(2)，
其中Q选自Al、Ga、In、B、Ti、Zr、Hf、Si、Ge、Sn及其组合，且0< y< 0.5。
通式(1)和通式(2)的第一氧化物为掺杂的导电氧化物。
作为另一替代或附加的可能性，第一氧化物是选自下组的至少一种：ZrO2-r、TiO2-r、SnO2-r、ZnO1-r、HfO2-r、V2O5-r、Nb2O5-r和Ta2O5-r，其中0.5 >r≥0。优选地，r＝0.0001至0.1。这些氧化物是被还原的导电材料。
根据本发明使用的上述第一氧化物是结晶氧化物，且特征在于良好的电导率。它们可以单独使用或任意相互组合。它们在火花塞连接元件的常规使用中基本上是不可氧化的，以使得火花塞连接元件具有持久良好的抗氧化性以及因此在可稳定调节的电阻值的情况下非常好的耐用性。
在降低的可氧化性的意义上进一步有利的是，第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件(8)不含金属和含碳化合物，并且尤其是第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件不含无机非氧化物导电材料、金属和合金。这意味着，火花塞连接元件的各自或相应的一个元件(或多个元件)的组合物中不添加无机非氧化物导电材料、金属和合金。因此，这些化合物的含量为基于各自元件的总质量计0质量%，除了技术上不可避免的残留物外。如果例如两个接触元件或至少一个接触元件和电阻元件或第一接触元件、第二接触元件和电阻元件不含无机非氧化物导电材料、金属和合金，则对于这些元件中的每个适用的是，无机非氧化物导电材料、金属和合金的含量为0质量%，除了技术上不可避免的残留物外。
要避免的无机非氧化物导电材料被理解为例如炭黑、石墨和碳化物，并且碳化物被理解为碳化硅、碳化钨、碳化铁、碳化硼、碳化钛、碳化锆、碳化铪、碳化钒、碳化铌、碳化钽、碳化钼及其混合物。要避免的金属例如为铁、钨、钛、铜、银及其混合物以及金属合金。
为了改善火花塞连接元件的稳定性和还为了改善其电阻值，第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件有利地还包含至少一种第二氧化物，其为无机非晶氧化物。根据本发明，无机非晶氧化物被理解为由一种或多种金属氧化物形成的玻璃。该玻璃在此基本上不受限制并且针对要调节的电阻值和其耐热性方面进行选择。
特别是硅酸盐玻璃有利地用作第二氧化物，因为硅酸盐玻璃非常稳定并且同时良好电绝缘。它们形成用于第一氧化物的非常好的基质。由于上述原因，玻璃优选为硼硅酸盐玻璃，如特别是锂硼硅酸盐玻璃、锂钙硼硅酸盐玻璃或钠硼硅酸盐玻璃。
玻璃的一种特别有利的组成(用量数据基于该组成的总质量计)为：
SiO2：35至65质量%、
B2O3：20至55质量%、
LiO2：0.5至10质量%、
Na2O：0至10质量%、
K2O：最大2质量%、
CaO：0至15质量%、
SrO：0至15质量%、
BaO：0至10质量%、
MgO：0至15质量%、
Al2O3：0至15质量%和
PbO：0至5质量%。
此外有利地，第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件包含至少一种第三氧化物，该第三氧化物是选自ZrO2、TiO2、Al2O3及其混合物的结晶氧化物。通过该第三氧化物，可以改善火花塞连接元件的电阻。
根据另一有利的实施方案，第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件中的第一氧化物的总含量为最大100质量%，尤其40至95质量%，尤其60至85质量%，分别基于各自元件的总质量计。如果第一氧化物以100质量%的含量用于火花塞连接元件的元件之一中，则相应元件由第一氧化物组成。即，不添加其它氧化物或其它材料。通过该实施方案，可以特别简单地调节到所需的电阻值或所需的电导率。
40至95质量%和尤其60至85质量%的第一氧化物含量的匹配使得能够将其它组分添加到火花塞连接元件，尤其添加至少一种第二氧化物，所述第二氧化物可以改善火花塞连接元件的稳定性并且使电阻元件的电阻或第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件的电导率稳定化。
出于上述原因进一步有利的是，第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件中的第二氧化物的总含量为大于0至75质量%，尤其大于0至45质量%，尤其20至40质量%，尤其28至38质量%，分别基于各自元件(第一接触元件、第二接触元件、电阻元件)的总质量计。
在另一实施方案中，火花塞连接元件包含第三氧化物，以便能够还更简单地匹配电阻元件的电阻值或第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件的电导率。因此，在第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件中的第三氧化物的总含量有利地为大于0至20质量%，尤其2至10质量%，尤其3至5质量%，分别基于各自元件的总质量计。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中，第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件由至少一种第一氧化物和至少一种添加剂组成。在此，添加剂的总含量为小于5质量%，尤其小于0.5质量%并且也可以为0质量%，基于各自元件的总质量计。特别优选地，第一接触元件、第二接触元件和电阻元件由至少一种第一氧化物和至少一种添加剂组成，其中在所述元件的每个中的添加剂总含量为小于5质量%，尤其小于0.5质量%并且也可以为0质量%。
换言之，第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件可以仅由第一氧化物组成。这种元件可以非常简单地制造，因为不必采用混合不同材料的特定方法步骤。然而，添加剂，例如粘合剂的添加可能是有帮助的，但是其经常在火花塞连接元件完成时在温度影响下分解并因此在完成的火花塞电极中不再可检测到。
任选地，第一接触元件和/或第二接触元件和/或电阻元件此外还可以包含至少一种第二氧化物和任选至少一种第三氧化物。在此特别地，可使用以上对于第二氧化物和第三氧化物公开的总量，基于各自元件的总质量计。
同样根据本发明，还描述了包括至少一个如上公开的火花塞连接元件的火花塞。由于火花塞连接元件的第一接触元件和第二接触元件的比电导以及电阻元件的比电导(比电阻)，火花塞的特征在于非常高的抗氧化性(即使在常规使用时)和因此高的化学和因此机械稳定性。
附图简述
下面参照附图详细描述本发明的实施例。图中：
图1是根据本发明的第一实施方案的火花塞的局部截图
图2是根据本发明的第二实施方案的电阻元件的示意性截面图。
发明实施方案
在图中仅示出了本发明的主要特征。为了清楚起见，所有其它特征被省略。此外，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。
如图1所示，根据第一实施方案的火花塞1包括接地电极2和中心电极3。绝缘体4被设置成使得中心电极3以已知的方式从绝缘体4略微突出。绝缘体4本身部分地由壳体5包围。附图标记6表示电连接螺母6。从电连接螺母6，设置经由连接螺栓7、第一接触元件9a、电阻元件8和第二接触元件9b至中心电极3的导电连接。第一接触元件9a、第二接触元件9b和布置在第一接触元件9a和第二接触元件9b之间的电阻元件8一起被称为本发明火花塞元件12。第一接触元件9a和第二接触元件9b具有102 S/m至108 S/m的比电导。由此，基本上无电阻地传递从电连接螺母6经由连接螺栓7至第一接触元件9a传输的电压。从电阻元件8经由第二接触元件9b至中心电极3传递的电压也通过第二接触元件9b由于非常好的导电性能而基本上无损耗地传递。换言之，第一接触元件9a和第二接触元件9b具有高的电导率和因此低的电阻。
在图2中详细示出的电阻元件8具有非常好的抗氧化性和与此相关的持久稳定的电阻值。由此不仅改善了火花塞元件8的化学和因此机械稳定性，而且还改善了火花塞1的相应性能。因此，火花塞1即使在常规使用时也具有长久的耐用性。
图2是图1的电阻元件8的示意性截面图。电阻元件8具有10-3 S/m至101 S/m的比电导并且至少包含第一氧化物11。
第一氧化物11可以是下列通式(1)的氧化物或落入式(1)中的氧化物的混合物：
M1-xDxO2 式(1)。
在式(1)中，M选自Ti、Zr、Sn及其组合，D选自V、Nb、Ta、P、As、Sb、Bi及其组合，且x满足下列关系：0< x< 0.5。
作为式(1)的一种或多种氧化物的替代或附加，第一氧化物11还可以包含至少一种下列通式(2)的氧化物：
Zn1-yQyO 式(2)。
在式(2)中，Q选自Al、Ga、In、B、Ti、Zr、Hf、Si、Ge、Sn及其组合，且y满足下列关系：0< y< 0.5。
作为式(1)和(2)的一种氧化物或多种氧化物的替代或附加，第一氧化物11还可以包含选自下组的氧化物：ZrO2-r、TiO2-r、SnO2-r、ZnO1-r、HfO2-r、V2O5-r、Nb2O5-r和Ta2O5-r。在此，r满足关系0.5 >r≥0。
上述氧化物可以分别单独使用或以任意组合使用。在此，第一氧化物11的总比例尤其为60至85质量%，基于电阻元件8的总质量计。
电阻元件8不含无机非氧化物导电材料、金属和合金。
除了第一氧化物11之外，电阻元件8还包含至少一种第二氧化物10，该第二氧化物是无机非晶氧化物。第二氧化物10以玻璃的形式存在并且例如形成用于结晶第一氧化物11的基质。由此实现电阻元件8的非常高的稳定性。由于其即使在高温下的高稳定性，玻璃特别是硅酸盐玻璃。
第二氧化物10的总含量尤其为5至30质量%，基于电阻元件8的总质量计，从而获得电阻元件8的特别稳定的氧化物基质。
任选地，电阻元件8可以包含至少一种选自ZrO2、TiO2、Al2O3及其混合物的第三氧化物。
电阻元件8的特征在于特别高的抗氧化性，以使得在使用电阻元件8制造火花塞时不发生电阻元件8的材料的劣化。由此可以将所需的电阻值保持得持久稳定。因此，电阻元件8即使在常规使用时也不仅具有高的化学稳定性，而且还具有非常好的机械稳定性。
第一接触元件9a和第二接触元件9b可以在化学组成方面类似于电阻元件8构建，即同样包含如上文所定义的第一氧化物(11)、任选第二氧化物(10)和任选第三氧化物，并且尤其不含金属和含碳化合物。但是，这些组成如此程度地不同，以使得第一接触元件(9a)和第二接触元件(9b)具有102 S/m至108 S/m的比电导。这可以通过相应氧化物的不同掺杂或通过氧化物的不同含量来实现。第一接触元件9a和第二接触元件9b的特征同样在于在非常高电导率的同时的良好抗氧化性。

Claims (12)

1.火花塞连接元件，其包括第一接触元件(9a)和第二接触元件(9b)，其中电阻元件(8)布置在第一接触元件(9a)和第二接触元件(9b)之间，其中第一接触元件(9a)和第二接触元件(9b)具有102 S/m至108 S/m的比电导，并且电阻元件(8)具有10-3 S/m至101 S/m的比电导。
2.火花塞连接元件，其中第一接触元件(9a)和/或第二接触元件(9b)和/或电阻元件(8)包含至少一种第一氧化物(11)，该第一氧化物选自下述通式(1)的氧化物：
M1-xDxO2 式(1)
其中M选自Ti、Zr、Sn及其组合，D选自V、Nb、Ta、P、As、Sb、Bi及其组合，且0< x< 0.5，
和/或下列通式(2)的氧化物：
Zn1-yQyO 式(2)，
其中Q选自Al、Ga、In、B、Ti、Zr、Hf、Si、Ge、Sn及其组合，且0< y< 0.5，
和/或选自ZrO2-r、TiO2-r、SnO2-r、ZnO1-r、HfO2-r、V2O5-r、Nb2O5-r和Ta2O5-r的氧化物，其中0.5 >r≥0。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的火花塞连接元件，其中第一接触元件(9a)和/或第二接触元件(9b)和/或电阻元件(8)不含金属和含碳化合物。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的火花塞连接元件，其中所述第一接触元件(9a)和/或所述第二接触元件(9b)和/或所述电阻元件(8)不含无机非氧化物导电材料、金属和合金。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的火花塞连接元件，其中所述第一接触元件(9a)和/或所述第二接触元件(9b)和/或所述电阻元件(8)还包含至少一种第二氧化物(10)，所述第二氧化物是无机非晶氧化物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的火花塞连接元件，其中所述第二氧化物(10)是玻璃，特别是硅酸盐玻璃。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的火花塞连接元件，其中所述第一接触元件(9a)和/或所述第二接触元件(9b)和/或所述电阻元件(8)还包含至少一种第三氧化物，所述第三氧化物是选自ZrO2、TiO2、Al2O3及其混合物的结晶氧化物。
8.根据权利要求2至7中任一项所述的火花塞连接元件，其中在第一接触元件(9a)和/或第二接触元件(9b)和/或电阻元件(8)中的第一氧化物(11)的总含量为最大100质量%，尤其40至95质量%，尤其60至85质量%，分别基于各自元件(9a、9b、8)的总质量计。
9.根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的火花塞连接元件，其中在第一接触元件(9a)和/或第二接触元件(9b)和/或电阻元件(8)中的第二氧化物(10)的总含量为大于0至75质量%，尤其大于0至45质量%，尤其20至40质量%，尤其28至38质量%，分别基于各自元件(9a、9b、8)的总质量计。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的火花塞连接元件，其中在第一接触元件(9a)和/或第二接触元件(9b)和/或电阻元件(8)中的第三氧化物的总含量为大于0至20质量%，尤其2至10质量%，尤其3至5质量%，分别基于各自元件(9a、9b、8)的总质量计。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的火花塞连接元件，其中所述第一接触元件(9a)和/或第二接触元件(9b)和/或电阻元件(8)由至少一种第一氧化物(11)和至少一种添加剂和任选至少一种第二氧化物(10)和任选至少一种第三氧化物组成，其中添加剂的总含量为小于5质量%，尤其小于0.5质量%，基于各自元件(9a、9b、8)的总质量计。
12.包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的火花塞连接元件(12)的火花塞。
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