CN113317423A - 一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,涉及食用菌混合发酵饮品技术领域,具体为一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:(1)首先制备不同的药食用真菌母种,经种子培养后接种发酵罐培养,接种种类包含2种及以上真菌,发酵144~168h后,获得混合发酵液;(2)发酵液先经板框压滤去除菌丝体。本发明为了克服现有相关发明专利中单一食用菌发酵制品或者食用菌与乳酸菌混合发酵产品中生物活性成分不明确和含量未定量的不足,以灵芝、虫草、金耳、灰树花、猴头菇、香菇、蜜环菌、桑黄中任意二种或二种以上组合进行混合发酵,经澄清、复配、均质和灭菌等工序制备了富含多糖、灵芝酸A或虫草素、腺苷和甾醇的功能性饮品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食用菌混合发酵饮品技术领域,具体为一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺。
背景技术
药食用真菌在我国具有悠久的药用和食用历史,随着现代生物科技和医学研究的进步,药食用真菌在疾病预防、保健和治疗方面的功效已被广泛证实,并由此产生了许多知名的临床药品和保健产品,例如具有调节免疫而达到抗肿瘤作用的香菇多糖;具有补益肺肾、秘精益气的发酵虫草粉(Cs-4,金水宝/百令胶囊);具有保肝、抗癌和调节免疫力的灵芝孢子粉。持此之外,许多珍稀药食用真菌都具有疾病的预防、保健和治疗功效,包括有冬虫夏草、蜜环菌、灰树花、羊肚菌、金耳、木耳、桑黄、姬松茸、云芝、樟芝、松口蘑、茯苓、猪苓、蝉花、雷丸、竹荪和猴头菇等。现代研究表明,药食用真菌含有的主要生理活性物质有多糖、萜类物质、核苷类物质、甾醇类物质和糖蛋白等。
伴随着现代社会生活方式改变、社会竞争加剧和老龄化等因素叠加,亚健康人群的数量越来越庞大,大多表现为免疫力下降而易患外感风寒、失眠、抑郁、食欲减退等,并由此导致了慢性病年轻化、慢性病增多、恶性肿瘤增多等问题。这些问题的出现使得当下人们的保健意识越来越强,而相关药食用真菌产品的开发也越来越受到重视。专利CN111808901A公开了一种蛹虫草发酵提取液的制备方法及所得产品和应用,该发明将乳酸菌用蛹虫草作为氮源进行液体发酵,使发酵液中的虫草酸含量提高了6-8倍,并且发酵产品中含有乳酸菌,但该发明未涉及多种食用菌的培养。专利CN104585828B发明了一种灵芝发胶制品及其制备方法,该发明是将灵芝子实体破碎后用水进行浸提并萃取清液,然后向浸提液中加入肠膜明串珠菌进行发酵,同时又制备了果蔬酶解液的复合乳酸菌和复合酵母菌的发酵液,最后将两种发酵液进行混合获得了一种灵芝发酵制品,但该发酵制品所用灵芝并非菌丝体,而是子实体,而且未对相关活性成分进行检测。专利CN110651936A、CN103404855B、CN110537655A、CN105167087B分别发明了蛹虫草、灰树花、猴头菇和黄绿蜜环菌的发酵口服液或饮品,但这些发酵产品均是单一食用菌发酵或者是食用菌与乳酸菌混合发酵,并非多种食用菌的混合发酵,而且均为对食用菌的生物活性物质含量进行分析检测,例如多糖、腺苷和甾醇等。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,解决了上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先制备不同的药食用真菌母种,经种子培养后接种发酵罐培养,接种种类包含2种及以上真菌,发酵144~168h后,获得混合发酵液;
(2)发酵液先经板框压滤去除菌丝体;
(3)滤液再经陶瓷膜微滤和超滤过滤进行澄清;
(4)澄清液加入天然高分子稳定剂、抗氧化剂、天然矫味剂和天然防腐剂进行复配,复配后经高压均质并灌装;
(5)饮品经进一步高温瞬时灭菌制得成品。
可选的,所述步骤(1)中的多种药食用真菌可以是灵芝、虫草、金耳、灰树花、猴头菇、香菇、蜜环菌、桑黄中任意二种或二种以上组合。
可选的,所述步骤(1)中发酵液中所含活性成分包括多糖、萜类、核苷类和甾醇中的任一类别含量不低于50mg/L。
可选的,所述步骤(3)中陶瓷膜微滤的孔径范围为800nm~2μm,优选地孔径大小为0.8~1.5μm。
可选的,所述步骤(3)中陶瓷膜超滤膜截留分子量范围为20~200KD,优选地截留分子量范围为50~80KD。
可选的,所述步骤(4)中天然高分子稳定剂可以是阿拉伯胶、瓜尔胶、刺云实胶、果胶、卡拉胶、海藻酸钠、黄原胶、结冷胶、甲壳素、聚葡萄糖、麦芽糖醇、普鲁兰多糖、田菁胶、富兰克胶、皂荚糖胶中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.3~2.5g/kg。
可选的,所述步骤(4)中天然抗氧化剂可以是茶多酚、抗坏血酸及其衍生物、维生素E、竹叶抗氧化物中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.1~0.5g/kg。
可选的,所述步骤(4)中天然矫味剂可以是乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、富马酸、甘草酸盐、索马甜、甜菊糖苷、木糖醇、葡萄糖酸钠、乳糖醇中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.1~1.5g/kg。
可选的,所述步骤(4)中天然防腐剂可以ε-聚赖氨酸、ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐、乳酸链球菌素中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.1~0.3g/kg。
本发明提供了一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,具备以下有益效果:
本发明为了克服现有相关发明专利中单一食用菌发酵制品或者食用菌与乳酸菌混合发酵产品中生物活性成分不明确和含量未定量的不足,以灵芝、虫草、金耳、灰树花、猴头菇、香菇、蜜环菌、桑黄中任意二种或二种以上组合进行混合发酵,经澄清、复配、均质和灭菌等工序制备了富含多糖、灵芝酸A或虫草素、腺苷和甾醇的功能性饮品。
具体实施方式
下面,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
实施案例一
本发明提供一种技术方案:一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)采用改良的马丁固体培养基分别制备不同的药食用真菌母种,这些药食用真菌可以是灵芝、虫草、金耳、灰树花、猴头菇、香菇、蜜环菌、桑黄中的任意二种或二种以上组合,培养温度23~25℃,相对湿度50~65%,培养时间5~7天;
(2)将母种斜面分别接种改良的PDA液体培养基,接种量5~8平方厘米,培养温度23~25℃,转速220rpm,培养时间72h;
(3)种子培养成熟后按照1~3%的接种量分别将不同食用菌种子液接种到10L发酵罐中进行发酵,发酵液中碳源为葡萄糖、麦芽糊精、土豆浸出物,氮源为酵母浸粉和大豆粉,并在培养基中添加有机羧酸草酸、柠檬酸和丙酮酸混合物,发酵通气量为0.4~1.2vvm,发酵温度为25℃,搅拌速度150~400rpm,发酵时间为144~168h,并经HPLC检测,确保发酵液中所含活性成分总多糖、总萜、核苷类和甾醇中的任一类别含量不低于25mg/L;
(4)发酵结束后,先将发酵液用板框压滤机去除菌丝体获得发酵滤液,为提高澄清度可预涂食品级硅藻土助滤剂;
(5)滤液再经陶瓷膜微滤和超滤过滤进行澄清,陶瓷膜微滤的孔径范围为800nm~2μm,优选地孔径大小为0.8~1.5μm;陶瓷膜超滤膜截留分子量范围为20~200KD,优选地截留分子量范围为50~80KD;
(6)澄清液加入天然高分子稳定剂、抗氧化剂、天然矫味剂和天然防腐剂进行复配,所用的天然高分子稳定剂可以是阿拉伯胶、瓜尔胶、刺云实胶、果胶、卡拉胶、海藻酸钠、黄原胶、结冷胶、甲壳素、聚葡萄糖、麦芽糖醇、普鲁兰多糖、田菁胶、富兰克胶、皂荚糖胶中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.3~2.5g/kg;所用的天然抗氧化剂可以是茶多酚、抗坏血酸及其衍生物、维生素E、竹叶抗氧化物中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.1~0.5g/kg;所用的天然矫味剂可以是乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、富马酸、甘草酸盐、索马甜、甜菊糖苷、木糖醇、葡萄糖酸钠、乳糖醇中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.1~1.5g/kg;所用的天然防腐剂可以ε-聚赖氨酸、ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐、乳酸链球菌素中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.1~0.3g/kg。复配后经高压均质并灌装;
(7)饮品经进一步高温瞬时灭菌制得成品。
实施案例二
一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)采用改良的马丁固体培养基分别制备不同的药食用真菌母种,这些药食用真菌是虫草、金耳、灰树花、猴头菇四种组合,培养温度23℃,相对湿度55%,培养时间7天;
(2)将母种斜面分别接种改良的PDA液体培养基,接种量5平方厘米,培养温度25℃,转速220rpm,培养时间72h;
(3)种子培养成熟后按照3%的接种量分别将不同食用菌种子液接种到10L发酵罐中进行发酵,发酵液中碳源为葡萄糖2%、麦芽糊精2.5%、土豆浸出物4%,氮源为酵母浸粉1.5%和大豆粉3%,并在培养基中添加有机羧酸草酸0.1%、柠檬酸0.1%和丙酮酸0.15%混合物,发酵通气量为0.4~1.2vvm,发酵温度为25℃,搅拌速度150~400rpm,发酵时间为168h,并经HPLC检测,发酵液中所含活性成分多糖、总萜、核苷类和甾醇中的任一类别含量不低于50mg/L;
(4)发酵结束后,先将发酵液用板框压滤机去除菌丝体获得发酵滤液,为提高澄清度可预涂食品级硅藻土助滤剂;
(5)滤液再经陶瓷膜微滤和超滤过滤进行澄清,陶瓷膜微滤的孔径范围为1.8μm;陶瓷膜超滤膜截留分子量为50KD;
(6)澄清液加入天然高分子稳定剂、抗氧化剂、天然矫味剂和天然防腐剂进行复配,所用的天然高分子稳定剂为黄原胶,添加量0.8g/kg;所用的天然抗氧化剂是抗坏血酸钠,添加量为0.1g/kg;所用的天然矫味剂是甜菊糖苷,添加量为1.5g/kg;所用的天然防腐剂是ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐和乳酸链球菌素复合五,添加量为0.3g/kg。复配后经高压均质并灌装;
(7)饮品经进一步高温瞬时灭菌制得成品。
实施案例三
一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)采用改良的马丁固体培养基分别制备不同的药食用真菌母种,这些药食用真菌是灵芝和虫草组合,培养温度25℃,相对湿度65%,培养时间7天;
(2)将母种斜面分别接种改良的PDA液体培养基,接种量8平方厘米,培养温度25℃,转速220rpm,培养时间72h;
(3)种子培养成熟后按照3%的接种量分别将不同食用菌种子液接种到10L发酵罐中进行发酵,发酵液中碳源为葡萄糖2%、麦芽糊精2.5%、土豆浸出物4%,氮源为酵母浸粉1.5%和大豆粉3%,并在培养基中添加有机羧酸草酸0.1%、柠檬酸0.1%和丙酮酸0.15%混合物,发酵通气量为0.4~1.2vvm,发酵温度为25℃,搅拌速度150~400rpm,发酵时间为168h,并经HPLC检测,确保发酵液中所含活性成分总萜、总黄酮、核苷类和甾醇中的任一类别含量不低于50mg/L;
(4)发酵结束后,先将发酵液用板框压滤机去除菌丝体获得发酵滤液,为提高澄清度可预涂食品级硅藻土助滤剂;
(5)滤液再经陶瓷膜微滤和超滤过滤进行澄清,陶瓷膜微滤的孔径范围为1.0μm;陶瓷膜超滤膜截留分子量80KD;
(6)澄清液加入天然高分子稳定剂、抗氧化剂、天然矫味剂和天然防腐剂进行复配,所用的天然高分子稳定剂果胶和海藻酸钠复合物,添加量为2.5g/kg;所用的天然抗氧化剂是茶多酚和抗坏血酸钠复合物,添加量为0.5g/kg;所用的天然矫味剂是柠檬酸、甜菊糖苷和木糖醇复合物,添加量为1.0g/kg;所用的天然防腐剂是乳酸链球菌素,添加量为0.2g/kg。复配后经高压均质并灌装;
(7)饮品经进一步高温瞬时灭菌制得成品。
实施案例四
一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)采用改良的马丁固体培养基分别制备不同的药食用真菌母种,这些药食用真菌可以是猴头菇、香菇和蜜环菌三种以上组合,培养温度24℃,相对湿度60%,培养时间7天;
(2)将母种斜面分别接种改良的PDA液体培养基,接种量8平方厘米,培养温度23℃,转速220rpm,培养时间72h;
(3)种子培养成熟后按照2%的接种量分别将不同食用菌种子液接种到10L发酵罐中进行发酵,发酵液中碳源为葡萄糖2%、麦芽糊精2.5%、土豆浸出物4%,氮源为酵母浸粉1.5%和大豆粉3%,并在培养基中添加有机羧酸草酸0.1%、柠檬酸0.1%和丙酮酸0.15%混合物,发酵通气量为0.4~1.2vvm,发酵温度为25℃,搅拌速度150~400rpm,发酵时间为144h,并经HPLC检测,确保发酵液中所含活性成分总萜、总黄酮、核苷类和甾醇中的任一类别含量不低于50mg/L;
(4)发酵结束后,先将发酵液用板框压滤机去除菌丝体获得发酵滤液,为提高澄清度可预涂食品级硅藻土助滤剂;
(5)滤液再经陶瓷膜微滤和超滤过滤进行澄清,陶瓷膜微滤的孔径范围为0.8μm,优选地孔径大小为0.8~1.5μm;陶瓷膜超滤膜截留分子量为70KD;
(6)澄清液加入天然高分子稳定剂、抗氧化剂、天然矫味剂和天然防腐剂进行复配,所用的天然高分子稳定剂是麦芽糖醇和普鲁兰多糖复合物,添加量为2.0g/kg;所用的天然抗氧化剂是茶多酚和维生素E复合物,添加量为0.35g/kg;所用的天然矫味剂是乳酸、柠檬酸和甜菊糖苷复合物,添加量为0.9g/kg;所用的天然防腐剂是ε-聚赖氨酸、ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐和乳酸链球菌素中的复合物,添加量为0.3g/kg。复配后经高压均质并灌装;
(7)饮品经进一步高温瞬时灭菌制得成品。
实施案例五
一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)采用改良的马丁固体培养基分别制备不同的药食用真菌母种,这些药食用真菌是灵芝、虫草、金耳、灰树花、猴头菇和香菇五种组合,培养温度24℃,相对湿度60%,培养时间7天;
(2)将母种斜面分别接种改良的PDA液体培养基,接种量8平方厘米,培养温度25℃,转速220rpm,培养时间72h;
(3)种子培养成熟后按照2%的接种量分别将不同食用菌种子液接种到10L发酵罐中进行发酵,发酵液中碳源为葡萄糖2%、麦芽糊精2.5%、土豆浸出物4%,氮源为酵母浸粉1.5%和大豆粉3%,并在培养基中添加有机羧酸草酸0.1%、柠檬酸0.1%和丙酮酸0.15%混合物,发酵通气量为0.4~1.2vvm,发酵温度为25℃,搅拌速度150~400rpm,发酵时间为168h,并经HPLC检测,确保发酵液中所含活性成分总萜、总黄酮、核苷类和甾醇中的任一类别含量不低于50mg/L;
(4)发酵结束后,先将发酵液用板框压滤机去除菌丝体获得发酵滤液,为提高澄清度可预涂食品级硅藻土助滤剂;
(5)滤液再经陶瓷膜微滤和超滤过滤进行澄清,陶瓷膜微滤的孔径范围为1.5μm;陶瓷膜超滤膜截留分子量为50KD;
(6)澄清液加入天然高分子稳定剂、抗氧化剂、天然矫味剂和天然防腐剂进行复配,所用的天然高分子稳定剂是刺云实胶和普鲁兰多糖复合物,添加量为1.8g/kg;所用的天然抗氧化剂是茶多酚、维生素E和竹叶抗氧化物的复合物,添加量为0.4g/kg;所用的天然矫味剂是苹果酸、甜菊糖苷、木糖醇和葡萄糖酸钠复合物,添加量为0.8g/kg;所用的天然防腐剂是ε-聚赖氨酸、ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐和乳酸链球菌素的复合物,添加量为0.25g/kg。复配后经高压均质并灌装;
(7)饮品经进一步高温瞬时灭菌制得成品。
实施案例六
一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)采用改良的马丁固体培养基分别制备不同的药食用真菌母种,这些药食用真菌可以是灰树花、猴头菇、香菇和蜜环菌四种组合,培养温度25℃,相对湿度65%,培养时间7天;
(2)将母种斜面分别接种改良的PDA液体培养基,接种量7平方厘米,培养温度25℃,转速220rpm,培养时间72h;
(3)种子培养成熟后按照3%的接种量分别将不同食用菌种子液接种到10L发酵罐中进行发酵,发酵液中碳源为葡萄糖2%、麦芽糊精2.5%、土豆浸出物4%,氮源为酵母浸粉1.5%和大豆粉3%,并在培养基中添加有机羧酸草酸0.1%、柠檬酸0.1%和丙酮酸0.15%混合物,发酵通气量为0.4~1.2vvm,发酵温度为25℃,搅拌速度150~400rpm,发酵时间为168h,并经HPLC检测,确保发酵液中所含活性成分总萜、总黄酮、核苷类和甾醇中的任一类别含量不低于50mg/L;
(4)发酵结束后,先将发酵液用板框压滤机去除菌丝体获得发酵滤液,为提高澄清度可预涂食品级硅藻土助滤剂;
(5)滤液再经陶瓷膜微滤和超滤过滤进行澄清,陶瓷膜微滤的孔径为1.5μm;陶瓷膜超滤膜截留分子量为80KD;
(6)澄清液加入天然高分子稳定剂、抗氧化剂、天然矫味剂和天然防腐剂进行复配,所用的天然高分子稳定剂是瓜尔胶和刺云实胶复合物,添加量为1.5g/kg;所用的天然抗氧化剂是茶多酚、抗坏血酸及其衍生物、维生素E和竹叶抗氧化物的复合物,添加量为0.3g/kg;所用的天然矫味剂是乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸和甜菊糖苷的复合物,添加量为0.3g/kg;所用的天然防腐剂是ε-聚赖氨酸、ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐和乳酸链球菌素中的复合物,添加量为0.2g/kg。复配后经高压均质并灌装;
(7)饮品经进一步高温瞬时灭菌制得成品。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先制备不同的药食用真菌母种,经种子培养后接种发酵罐培养,接种种类包含2种及以上真菌,发酵144~168h后,获得混合发酵液;
(2)发酵液先经板框压滤去除菌丝体;
(3)滤液再经陶瓷膜微滤和超滤过滤进行澄清;
(4)澄清液加入天然高分子稳定剂、抗氧化剂、天然矫味剂和天然防腐剂进行复配,复配后经高压均质并灌装;
(5)饮品经进一步高温瞬时灭菌制得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的多种药食用真菌可以是灵芝、虫草、金耳、灰树花、猴头菇、香菇、蜜环菌、桑黄中任意二种或二种以上组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中发酵液中所含活性成分包括多糖、萜类、核苷类和甾醇中的任一类别含量不低于50mg/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中陶瓷膜微滤的孔径范围为800nm~2μm,优选地孔径大小为0.8~1.5μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中陶瓷膜超滤膜截留分子量范围为20~200KD,优选地截留分子量范围为50~80KD。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中天然高分子稳定剂可以是阿拉伯胶、瓜尔胶、刺云实胶、果胶、卡拉胶、海藻酸钠、黄原胶、结冷胶、甲壳素、聚葡萄糖、麦芽糖醇、普鲁兰多糖、田菁胶、富兰克胶、皂荚糖胶中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.3~2.5g/kg。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中天然抗氧化剂可以是茶多酚、抗坏血酸及其衍生物、维生素E、竹叶抗氧化物中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.1~0.5g/kg。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中天然矫味剂可以是乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、富马酸、甘草酸盐、索马甜、甜菊糖苷、木糖醇、葡萄糖酸钠、乳糖醇中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.1~1.5g/kg。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种多种药食用真菌发酵饮品的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中天然防腐剂可以ε-聚赖氨酸、ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐、乳酸链球菌素中的任何一种或多种复合添加,添加量为0.1~0.3g/kg。
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