CN113317412A - 一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料及其高产高效养殖模式 - Google Patents
一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料及其高产高效养殖模式 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113317412A CN113317412A CN202110504360.5A CN202110504360A CN113317412A CN 113317412 A CN113317412 A CN 113317412A CN 202110504360 A CN202110504360 A CN 202110504360A CN 113317412 A CN113317412 A CN 113317412A
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Abstract
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,具体的说是一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料及其高产高效养殖模式,其中斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料具有:叉尾鮰对饲料消化吸收好,提高鱼体长速,降低饲料系数,料水中稳定性好,不易污染养殖水体水质,饲料营养均衡,添加保肝护胆添加剂,保护鱼体健康,提高成活率、消化率,生长速度快,摄食该饲料后叉尾鮰体色稳定,无黄肉风险的优点;以及高产高效养殖模式具有减少疾病发生,低密度养殖可有效控制病害,降低死亡率,搭配底改、消毒等动保产品,减少疾病发生,一年两批,增产增效,缩短养殖周期,减轻养殖户资金压力的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,具体的说是一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料及其高产高效养殖模式。
背景技术
斑点叉尾鮰亦称沟鲶,属于鲶形目、鮰科鱼类。斑点叉尾鮰原产于北美洲大陆,从加拿大南部到墨西哥北部,是美国主要淡水养殖品种之一。
华南区域作为全国斑点叉尾鮰重点养殖区域,斑点叉尾鮰饲料质量参差不齐,饲料企业跟风制作,没有按照斑点叉尾鮰营养需求合理设计配方。
此外,随着斑点叉尾鮰养殖面积逐年增多,养殖密度逐年提高,盲目追求产量,斑点叉尾鮰养殖没有合理的养殖模式相匹配,养殖风险高,病害频发,养殖管理难度大,盈利水平低,严重制约了斑点叉尾鮰养殖业的发展
为此,本发明提供一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料及其高产高效养殖模式。
发明内容
为了弥补现有技术的不足,以解决背景技术中的问题,本发明提出的一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料,所述专用饲料含有的组分和质量百分含量为:鱼粉8~10%,豆粕30~35%,菜粕7~10%,棉粕6~10%,花生饼8~10%,米糠5~10%,面粉5~10%,小麦10~15%,大豆油2~3%,磷酸二氢钙1~2%,氯化胆碱0.1~0.2%,可利康0.2~0.3%,赖氨酸1~1.5%,蛋氨酸0~0.5%,预混料1~2%。
优选的,每1kg所述预混料中含维生素和矿物质:维生素A,2000~3000IU;维生素D,1500~2000IU;维生素E,30~40mg;维生素K,4~4.5mg;维生素B1,8~10mg;维生素B2,8.5~9.5mg;维生素B6,5.5~6.5mg;维生素B12,0.02~0.04mg;烟酸,45~50mg;烟酰胺,40~45mg;泛酸钙,15~20mg;肌醇,40~45mg;生物素,0.15~0.2mg;叶酸,1.3~1.4mg;维生素C,110~120mg;铜,6.5~7mg;铁,45~50mg;硒,0.35~0.4mg;锌,70~75mg;锰,8.5~9mg;镁,90~100mg;钴,1~1.5mg;碘,1.2~1.3mg。
优选的,所述专用饲料含有的组分和质量百分含量为:鱼粉8%,豆粕32%,菜粕8%,棉粕7%,花生饼10%,米糠5%,面粉6.5%,小麦14%,大豆油3%,磷酸二氢钙2%,氯化胆碱0.2%,可利康0.3%,赖氨酸1.5%,蛋氨酸0.5%,预混料2%。
优选的,每1kg所述预混料中含维生素和矿物质:维生素A,2600IU;维生素D,1600IU;维生素E,40mg;维生素K,4.2mg;维生素B1,8.5mg;维生素B2,8.6mg;维生素B6,6mg;维生素B12,0.03mg;烟酸,47mg;烟酰胺,43mg;泛酸钙,17mg;肌醇,40mg;生物素,0.17mg;叶酸,1.3mg;维生素C,115mg;铜,6.8mg;铁,45mg;硒,0.35mg;锌,72mg;锰,8.7mg;镁,90mg;钴,1mg;碘,1.2mg。
优选的,所述专用饲料通过以下步骤制得:
a、按配方中的各组分质量百分含量称取各组分,预混料称量准确,称量误差±0.02kg;
b、粉碎饼粕原料与小麦,使其能通过60目的筛网;
c、将b中破碎原料与其余预混料充分混合;
d、混合均匀后经超微粉碎机粉碎,粉碎细度95%过80目筛;
e、粉碎后的物料在调制解调器中调制,调制时间>30S,调制温度控制在95℃~100℃之间,蒸汽压力控制在0.2MPa~0.4MPa之间,然后使原料在95℃~98℃的温度下进入挤压膨化机制粒;
f、在100-110℃条件下将膨化后的颗粒烘干;
g、烘干后的颗粒进入真空喷涂装置,将油脂均匀喷涂,制得斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料。
一种斑点叉尾鮰的高产高效养殖模式,所述高产高效养殖模式适用于上述专用饲料,且该高产高效养殖模式为:一年分第一批和第二批两批养殖;
所述第一批放养时间为10-11月份;
大头选用1斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养40尾,次年在5-6月份捕捞;
鲮鱼选用20-30尾/斤的鱼苗,每亩放养控制在2000-3000尾之间,次年5-6月份捕捞;
鲫鱼选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养300尾,次年5-6月份捕捞;
叉尾选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养3000尾,次年5-6月份捕捞;鱼苗放养后投放饲料;
所述第二批放养时间为6-7月份;
大头选用1斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养40尾,次年10-11月份捕捞;
鲮鱼选用20-30尾/斤的鱼苗,每亩放养控制在2000-3000尾之间,次年10-11月份捕捞;
鲫鱼选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养300尾,次年10-11月份捕捞;
叉尾选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养3000尾,次年10-11月份捕捞;鱼苗放养后投放饲料。
每批次放苗顺序依次为大头、鲮鱼、鲫鱼苗和叉尾苗;放苗顺序,大头、鲮鱼,鲫鱼苗种先放,后放叉尾苗,可以起到有效净化水体的作用,提高叉尾苗成活率。
优选的,所述投放饲料采用以下方法进行,鱼苗半斤之前:投喂3mm膨化料,投饵率控制在1.7-1.9%之间;鱼苗半斤之后:投饵率控制在1.4-1.6%之间,且1-2月份投饵率控制在1%。
本发明的有益效果如下:
与现有饲料相比,本发明中的专用饲料具有如下优点:
(1)叉尾鮰对饲料消化吸收好,提高鱼体长速,降低饲料系数;
(2)饲料水中稳定性好,不易污染养殖水体水质;
(3)饲料营养均衡,添加保肝护胆添加剂,保护鱼体健康,提高成活率、消化率,生长速度快;
(4)摄食该饲料后叉尾鮰体色稳定,无黄肉风险;
与传统养殖模式,本发明养殖模式具有如下优点:
(1)根据斑点叉尾鮰采食模式,高投饵率可引起叉尾致死,采用低投饵率方法,减少疾病发生。
(2)采用低养殖密度,传统养殖模式放苗密度高,养殖周期长,过程损耗大,风险高;低密度养殖可有效控制病害,降低死亡率,。
(3)搭配底改、消毒等动保产品:叉尾对水质、底质要求较高,勤加水,定期消毒、底改,减少疾病发生;
(4)增产增效:一年两批,叉尾鮰亩产1万斤以上,杂鱼产量1000斤以上,较传统养殖模式提高叉尾鮰产量1000斤以上,按照6元/斤鱼价,每亩可增加养殖户6000元利润。
(5)缩短养殖周期:该养殖模式下可更快出,鱼加快资金流通,减轻养殖户资金压力。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
图1是本发明中高产高效养殖模式;
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。
一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料,所述专用饲料含有的组分和质量百分含量为:鱼粉8~10%,豆粕30~35%,菜粕7~10%,棉粕6~10%,花生饼8~10%,米糠5~10%,面粉5~10%,小麦10~15%,大豆油2~3%,磷酸二氢钙1~2%,氯化胆碱0.1~0.2%,可利康0.2~0.3%,赖氨酸1~1.5%,蛋氨酸0~0.5%,预混料1~2%。
每1kg所述预混料中含维生素和矿物质:维生素A,2000~3000IU;维生素D,1500~2000IU;维生素E,30~40mg;维生素K,4~4.5mg;维生素B1,8~10mg;维生素B2,8.5~9.5mg;维生素B6,5.5~6.5mg;维生素B12,0.02~0.04mg;烟酸,45~50mg;烟酰胺,40~45mg;泛酸钙,15~20mg;肌醇,40~45mg;生物素,0.15~0.2mg;叶酸,1.3~1.4mg;维生素C,110~120mg;铜,6.5~7mg;铁,45~50mg;硒,0.35~0.4mg;锌,70~75mg;锰,8.5~9mg;镁,90~100mg;钴,1~1.5mg;碘,1.2~1.3mg。
所述专用饲料含有的组分和质量百分含量为:鱼粉8%,豆粕32%,菜粕8%,棉粕7%,花生饼10%,米糠5%,面粉6.5%,小麦14%,大豆油3%,磷酸二氢钙2%,氯化胆碱0.2%,可利康0.3%,赖氨酸1.5%,蛋氨酸0.5%,预混料2%。
每1kg所述预混料中含维生素和矿物质:维生素A,2600IU;维生素D,1600IU;维生素E,40mg;维生素K,4.2mg;维生素B1,8.5mg;维生素B2,8.6mg;维生素B6,6mg;维生素B12,0.03mg;烟酸,47mg;烟酰胺,43mg;泛酸钙,17mg;肌醇,40mg;生物素,0.17mg;叶酸,1.3mg;维生素C,115mg;铜,6.8mg;铁,45mg;硒,0.35mg;锌,72mg;锰,8.7mg;镁,90mg;钴,1mg;碘,1.2mg;
针对斑点叉尾鮰的营养需求、消化生理特性和在华南区域的养殖特点,选择易消化吸收、易采购的大宗饲料原料,包括鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、棉粕等,这些原料目前大量应用于水产饲料,使用方法及用量较成熟,具有降低肝胆负荷,提高肠道消化吸收,降低氮、磷排泄等优点;
采用面粉与小麦作为淀粉源,膨化后饲料在水中稳定性更高,从而降低了对水体的污染;同时使用该膨化饲料养殖斑点叉尾鮰与使用颗粒饲料进行养殖相比,向水中排放的氮可减少30%,磷可以减少25%;
添加氯化胆碱,可促进鱼体内氨基酸的再合成,提高鱼体的免疫力和对养分的吸收能力,从而降低患病的几率;
添加可利康,可促进脂肪代谢,保护肝胆健康;
以及,本发明中未使用含有色素性原料,可有效降低叉尾黄肉风险;
再者,本发明所述的饲料中使用了棉粕,棉粕中含有一种抗营养因子棉酚,棉酚是一种天然的色素,在饲料中使用可以很明显的稳定斑点叉尾鮰的体色,使其显现出天然的黑灰色;
其次,预混料含有丰富的维生素以及锌、铁等微量营养素,添加多种功能性添加剂成分,配方组成经通威封闭循环水和田间试验两级筛选、优化而成,保证斑点叉尾鮰健康快速生长;
综合载体钝化及原料剂型优化等通威专利技术,有效保证营养素的稳定性和协同性,确保机体均衡发展,添加营养重分配剂避免脂肪过多沉积于内脏,结合有机微量元素更能增加鱼体免疫力,显著提高鱼体抗病力及长途运输存活率。
所述专用饲料通过以下步骤制得:
a、按配方中的各组分质量百分含量称取各组分,预混料称量准确,称量误差±0.02kg;
b、粉碎饼粕原料与小麦,使其能通过60目的筛网;
c、将b中破碎原料与其余预混料充分混合;
d、混合均匀后经超微粉碎机粉碎,粉碎细度95%过80目筛;
e、粉碎后的物料在调制解调器中调制,调制时间>30S,调制温度控制在95℃~100℃之间,蒸汽压力控制在0.2MPa~0.4MPa之间,然后使原料在95℃~98℃的温度下进入挤压膨化机制粒;
f、在100-110℃条件下将膨化后的颗粒烘干;
g、烘干后的颗粒进入真空喷涂装置,将油脂均匀喷涂,制得斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料。
一种斑点叉尾鮰的高产高效养殖模式,所述高产高效养殖模式适用于上述专用饲料,且该高产高效养殖模式为:一年分第一批和第二批两批养殖;参照表格1所示:
表格1
所述第一批放养时间为10-11月份;
大头选用1斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养40尾,次年在5-6月份捕捞;
鲮鱼选用20-30尾/斤的鱼苗,每亩放养控制在2000-3000尾之间,次年5-6月份捕捞;
鲫鱼选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养300尾,次年5-6月份捕捞;
叉尾选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养3000尾,次年5-6月份捕捞;鱼苗放养后投放饲料;
所述第二批放养时间为6-7月份;
大头选用1斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养40尾,次年10-11月份捕捞;
鲮鱼选用20-30尾/斤的鱼苗,每亩放养控制在2000-3000尾之间,次年10-11月份捕捞;
鲫鱼选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养300尾,次年10-11月份捕捞;
叉尾选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养3000尾,次年10-11月份捕捞;鱼苗放养后投放饲料。
每批次放苗顺序依次为大头、鲮鱼、鲫鱼苗和叉尾苗;放苗顺序,大头、鲮鱼,鲫鱼苗种先放,后放叉尾苗,可以起到有效净化水体的作用,提高叉尾苗成活率。
而传统养殖模式,为一年养殖一批,具体参照表格2:
表格2:
通过表格1和表格2进行对比,得知在配合专用饲料情况下,一年可养殖两批次,提高养殖户的收入,增产增效。
所述投放饲料采用以下方法进行,鱼苗半斤之前:投喂3mm膨化料,投饵率控制在1.7-1.9%之间;鱼苗半斤之后:投饵率控制在1.4-1.6%之间,且1-2月份投饵率控制在1%;
(1)本发明养殖模式,根据斑点叉尾鮰采食模式,高投饵率可引起叉尾致死,采用低投饵率方法,减少疾病发生。
(2)采用低养殖密度,传统养殖模式放苗密度高,养殖周期长,过程损耗大,风险高;低密度养殖可有效控制病害,降低死亡率,。
(3)采用本发明的专用饲料:营养更全面,保肝健肠有疗效,提高成活率、消化率,生长速度快,8两以上月增重4-5两,1斤半以上月增重6两;
(4)搭配底改、消毒等动保产品:叉尾对水质、底质要求较高,勤加水,定期消毒、底改,减少疾病发生;
(5)增产增效:一年两批,叉尾鮰亩产1万斤以上,杂鱼产量1000斤以上,较传统养殖模式提高叉尾鮰产量1000斤以上,按照6元/斤鱼价,每亩可增加养殖户6000元利润。
(6)缩短养殖周期:该养殖模式下可更快出,鱼加快资金流通,减轻养殖户资金压力。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (8)
1.一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料,其特征在于:所述专用饲料含有的组分和质量百分含量为:鱼粉8~10%,豆粕30~35%,菜粕7~10%,棉粕6~10%,花生饼8~10%,米糠5~10%,面粉5~10%,小麦10~15%,大豆油2~3%,磷酸二氢钙1~2%,氯化胆碱0.1~0.2%,可利康0.2~0.3%,赖氨酸1~1.5%,蛋氨酸0~0.5%,预混料1~2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料,其特征在于:每1kg所述预混料中含维生素和矿物质:维生素A,2000~3000IU;维生素D,1500~2000IU;维生素E,30~40mg;维生素K,4~4.5mg;维生素B1,8~10mg;维生素B2,8.5~9.5mg;维生素B6,5.5~6.5mg;维生素B12,0.02~0.04mg;烟酸,45~50mg;烟酰胺,40~45mg;泛酸钙,15~20mg;肌醇,40~45mg;生物素,0.15~0.2mg;叶酸,1.3~1.4mg;维生素C,110~120mg;铜,6.5~7mg;铁,45~50mg;硒,0.35~0.4mg;锌,70~75mg;锰,8.5~9mg;镁,90~100mg;钴,1~1.5mg;碘,1.2~1.3mg。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料,其特征在于:所述专用饲料含有的组分和质量百分含量为:鱼粉8%,豆粕32%,菜粕8%,棉粕7%,花生饼10%,米糠5%,面粉6.5%,小麦14%,大豆油3%,磷酸二氢钙2%,氯化胆碱0.2%,可利康0.3%,赖氨酸1.5%,蛋氨酸0.5%,预混料2%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料,其特征在于:每1kg所述预混料中含维生素和矿物质:维生素A,2600IU;维生素D,1600IU;维生素E,40mg;维生素K,4.2mg;维生素B1,8.5mg;维生素B2,8.6mg;维生素B6,6mg;维生素B12,0.03mg;烟酸,47mg;烟酰胺,43mg;泛酸钙,17mg;肌醇,40mg;生物素,0.17mg;叶酸,1.3mg;维生素C,115mg;铜,6.8mg;铁,45mg;硒,0.35mg;锌,72mg;锰,8.7mg;镁,90mg;钴,1mg;碘,1.2mg。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料,其特征在于:所述专用饲料通过以下步骤制得:
a、按配方中的各组分质量百分含量称取各组分,预混料称量准确,称量误差±0.02kg;
b、粉碎饼粕原料与小麦,使其能通过60目的筛网;
c、将b中破碎原料与其余预混料充分混合;
d、混合均匀后经超微粉碎机粉碎,粉碎细度95%过80目筛;
e、粉碎后的物料在调制解调器中调制,调制时间>30S,调制温度控制在95℃~100℃之间,蒸汽压力控制在0.2MPa~0.4MPa之间,然后使原料在95℃~98℃的温度下进入挤压膨化机制粒;
f、在100-110℃条件下将膨化后的颗粒烘干;
g、烘干后的颗粒进入真空喷涂装置,将油脂均匀喷涂,制得斑点叉尾鮰的专用饲料。
6.一种斑点叉尾鮰的高产高效养殖模式,其特征在于:所述高产高效养殖模式适用于权利要求1-5中任一专用饲料,且该高产高效养殖模式为:一年分第一批和第二批两批养殖;
所述第一批放养时间为10-11月份;
大头选用1斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养40尾,次年在5-6月份捕捞;
鲮鱼选用20-30尾/斤的鱼苗,每亩放养控制在2000-3000尾之间,次年5-6月份捕捞;
鲫鱼选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养300尾,次年5-6月份捕捞;
叉尾选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养3000尾,次年5-6月份捕捞;鱼苗放养后投放饲料;
所述第二批放养时间为6-7月份;
大头选用1斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养40尾,次年10-11月份捕捞;
鲮鱼选用20-30尾/斤的鱼苗,每亩放养控制在2000-3000尾之间,次年10-11月份捕捞;
鲫鱼选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养300尾,次年10-11月份捕捞;
叉尾选用0.2-0.3斤/尾的鱼苗,每亩放养3000尾,次年10-11月份捕捞;鱼苗放养后投放饲料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种斑点叉尾鮰的高产高效养殖模式,其特征在于:每批次放苗顺序依次为大头、鲮鱼、鲫鱼苗和叉尾苗。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种斑点叉尾鮰的高产高效养殖模式,其特征在于:所述投放饲料采用以下方法进行,鱼苗半斤之前:投喂3mm膨化料,投饵率控制在1.7-1.9%之间;鱼苗半斤之后:投饵率控制在1.4-1.6%之间,且1-2月份投饵率控制在1%。
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