CN112189769A - 一种克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料及其制备方法，所述配合饲料中的组分及重量配比如下：进口鱼粉3~5份、豆粕23~25份、菜粕13~14份、虾粉4~5份、肉粉4~5份、血粉2~4份、玉米酒糟5~6份、面粉24~25份、米糠5.5~6份、豆油1.5份、鱼油1~1.5份、磷酸二氢钙2份、粘合剂0.5份、乌贼膏1.6~2份、大黄蒽醌提取物0.2~0.3份、维生素C磷酸酯0.2~0.3份、维生素E醋酸酯0.2份、山梨酸钾0.2~0.3份、食盐0.2~0.3份、虾预混料2份。通过一次粉碎、混料、二次粉碎、制粒、后处理方法制备，所得克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料营养全面丰富，促进克氏原螯虾快速生长；且具有增强免疫、抗应激和抗氧化的功能，降低应激死亡率和疾病发生率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产配合饲料领域，具体涉及一种克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
克氏原螯虾（学名：Procambarus clarkii），俗称红螯虾、小龙虾，隶属节肢动物门、甲壳纲、十足目、螯虾科、原螯虾属。克氏原螯虾虽然出肉率不高，但是营养丰富，其肌肉蛋白质含量高于多数淡水和海水鱼虾。克氏原螯虾的食性为杂食性偏肉食性，适应力强，广泛分布于我国大部分省市，是重要的水产养殖品种。但是，克氏原螯虾运输、高密度养殖、不当捕捞、高温、饥饿等导致其应激反应大，会出现蜕壳激素和酶类分泌的紊乱，最终导致克氏原螯虾蜕壳不遂死亡，每年给养殖户造成很大损失，因此需要研制抗应激饲料以增强克氏原螯虾的抗应激能力。
CN103636999A“一种克氏原螯虾促蜕壳饲料及其制备方法”公开了一种克氏原螯虾促蜕壳饲料，包括鱼粉、肉骨粉、豆粕、菜粕、花生粕、小麦、麸皮、米糠、乌贼膏、虾糠粉碎与磷酸二氢钙、晶体赖氨酸、晶体蛋氨酸、大黄蒽醌提取物、35％维生素C磷酸酯、粘结剂、蜕壳素、食盐、预混料，通过添加大黄蒽醌提取物、维生素C磷酸酯减轻克氏原螯虾应激反应，提高免疫能力。《饲料中添加维生素 A、C 和 E 对克氏原螯虾生长和免疫力的影响》（水产养殖，2017,38(4):46-52）”研究表明在维生素A、C、E中，维生素 E添加量对克氏原螯虾幼虾的成活、生长和免疫的影响最大。在饲料中添加过多的维生素E可能会对生长和免疫产生负面影响，因此采用维生素E低水平（0.02％~0.04％）时，克氏原螯虾幼虾的成活率、增重率和免疫力较高。而关于维生素E以维生素E醋酸酯的形式大量添加，且与大黄蒽醌提取物、维生素C磷酸酯配合使用，提高克氏原螯虾抗应激能力还未有报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料及其制备方法，在基础饲料中掺加大黄蒽醌提取物、维生素C磷酸酯、维生素E醋酸酯，提高鱼体抗应激、抗氧化能力，并且营养全面，促进克氏原螯虾快速生长。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：一种克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料，配合饲料中的组分及重量份如下：进口鱼粉3~5份、豆粕23~25份、菜粕13~14份、虾粉4~5份、肉粉4~5份、血粉2~4份、玉米酒糟5~6份、面粉24~25份、米糠5.5~6份、豆油1.5份、鱼油1~1.5份、磷酸二氢钙2份、粘合剂0.5份、乌贼膏1.6~2份、大黄蒽醌提取物 0.2~0.3份、维生素C磷酸酯0.2~0.3 份、维生素E醋酸酯 0.2份、山梨酸钾0.2 ~0.3份、食盐 0.2~0.3 份、虾预混料 2份。
优选的，所述配合饲料中的组分及重量份如下：进口鱼粉3份、豆粕25份、菜粕13份、虾粉4份、肉粉5份、血粉4份、玉米酒糟6份、面粉24份、米糠5.5份、豆油1.5份、鱼油1.5份、磷酸二氢钙2份、粘合剂0.5份、乌贼膏1.6份、大黄蒽醌提取物 0.3份、维生素C磷酸酯0.3 份、维生素E醋酸酯0.2份、山梨酸钾0.3份、食盐 0.3 份、虾预混料 2 份。
本发明以豆粕、菜粕、虾粉、肉粉、血粉、玉米酒糟部分替代鱼粉做为蛋白源，可以节约基础配方成本，且多种蛋白源混合使用，可以起到氨基酸互补的作用，避免单一蛋白源替代引起的氨基酸缺乏，确保氨基酸平衡，提高蛋白质利用率，降低水体氮的排泄，保护饲养环境；以米糠、豆油、鱼油作为能源物质，多种脂肪酸混合，满足克氏原螯虾对饱和脂肪和必需脂肪酸的需要，促进克氏原螯虾快速增长。磷酸二氢钙补充饲料的矿物质含量，保障其正常蜕壳，促进生长。乌贼膏，具有较好的诱食作用，增加适口性，有利于降低克氏原螯虾的饵料系数，提高其生长速度。大黄蒽醌提取物、维生素C磷酸酯、维生素E醋酸酯，具有促生长、增强免疫、抗应激和抗氧化的功能，可以减轻克氏原螯虾捕捞、运输中的应激反应，降低应激死亡率和疾病发生率。
一种克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）一次粉碎：进口鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、虾粉、肉粉、血粉、玉米酒糟、面粉、米糠经粉碎机第一次粉碎为混合粗物料，通过2.0mm的筛网；
（2）混料：在步骤（1）所得混合粗物料中加入豆油、鱼油、磷酸二氢钙、粘合剂、乌贼膏、大黄蒽醌提取物、维生素C磷酸酯、维生素E醋酸酯、山梨酸钾、食盐、虾预混料，并混合均匀得到混合物料；
（3）二次粉碎：取步骤（2）所得混合物料投入粉碎机中进行第二次粉碎，通过50目筛网，得到粉碎后混合物料；
（4）制粒：取步骤（3）制得的粉碎后混合物料投入水产饲料制粒机制成饲料颗粒，颗粒粒径为3mm；
（5）后处理：将饲料颗粒烘干、冷却后进行包装。
本发明与现有技术相比，有益效果如下：
1）本发明的克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料中添加了大黄蒽醌提取物、维生素C磷酸酯、维生素E醋酸酯，具有增强免疫、抗应激和抗氧化的功能，其中将维生素以磷酸酯/醋酸酯的形式添加，并与大黄蒽醌提取物配合使用，可增大维生素用量，增强抗应激作用。
2）本发明的克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料营养全面、丰富，促进克氏原螯虾快速生长，而且适用本配合饲料不需要服用抗生物药物，所生产的水产品为无公害绿色环保食品。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，应当指出，此处的实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
大黄蒽醌提取物由南京知新医药研发有限公司提供；维生素C磷酸酯为40%维生素C磷酸酯，由浙江东工制药有限公司提供；维生素E醋酸酯为50%维生素E醋酸酯，由浙江东工制药有限公司提供；虾预混料为含有多种维生素与矿物元素的1%虾用预混料，由无锡华诺威动物保健有限公司提供。
实施例1
一种克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料，包括进口鱼粉5.0 kg、豆粕23.0 kg、菜粕14.0 kg、虾粉5.0 kg、肉粉5.0 kg、血粉2.0 kg、玉米酒糟5.0 kg、面粉25.0 kg、米糠6.0 kg、豆油1.5 kg、鱼油1.0 kg、磷酸二氢钙2.0 kg、粘合剂0.5 kg、乌贼膏2.0 kg、大黄蒽醌提取物0.2 kg、维生素C磷酸酯 0.2 kg、维生素E醋酸酯 0.2 kg、山梨酸钾0.2 kg、食盐 0.2 kg、虾预混料 2.0 kg。
一种克氏原螯虾成虾无鱼粉膨化配合饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）一次粉碎：进口鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、虾粉、肉粉、血粉、玉米酒糟、面粉、米糠经粉碎机第一次粉碎为混合粗物料，并通过2.0mm的筛网；
（2）混料：在步骤（1）所得混合粗物料中加入豆油、鱼油、磷酸二氢钙、粘合剂、乌贼膏、大黄蒽醌提取物、维生素C磷酸酯、维生素E醋酸酯、山梨酸钾、食盐、虾预混料，置于混合机（V型混合机，溧阳市汇达机械有限公司）内，混合机转速为20转/分混合均匀，得到混合物料；
（3）二次粉碎：取步骤（2）所得混合物料投入粉碎机中进行第二次粉碎，粉碎速度为500转/分，通过50目筛网，得到粉碎后混合物料；
（4）制粒：取步骤（3）制得的粉碎后混合物料投入水产饲料制粒机（STZG系列，正昌集团公司）制成饲料颗粒，颗粒粒径为3.0 mm；
（5）后处理：将饲料颗粒置于干燥机（DWT系列带式干燥机，正昌集团公司）中95℃温度烘干，再置于冷却器中（SKLG900滚筒冷却器，正昌集团公司）冷却后进行包装。
该配合饲料具有促生长、降低应激、抗氧化、增强免疫的作用，可以降低应激反应中的死亡率，促进了克氏原螯虾生长。
实施例2
一种克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料，包括进口鱼粉3.0kg、豆粕25.0 kg、菜粕13.0 kg、虾粉4.0 kg、肉粉5.0kg、血粉4.0 kg、玉米酒糟6.0 kg、面粉24.0 kg、米糠5.5 kg、豆油1.5kg、鱼油1.5 kg、磷酸二氢钙2.0 kg、粘合剂0.5 kg、乌贼膏1.6 kg、大黄蒽醌提取物 0.3kg、维生素C磷酸酯 0.3 kg、维生素E醋酸酯 0.2 kg、山梨酸钾0.3 kg、食盐 0.3 kg、虾预混料 2.0 kg。
一种克氏原螯虾成虾无鱼粉膨化配合饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）一次粉碎：进口鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、虾粉、肉粉、血粉、玉米酒糟、面粉、米糠经粉碎机第一次粉碎为混合粗物料，并通过2.0mm的筛网；
（2）混料：在步骤（1）所得混合粗物料中加入豆油、鱼油、磷酸二氢钙、粘合剂、乌贼膏、大黄蒽醌提取物、维生素C磷酸酯、维生素E醋酸酯、山梨酸钾、食盐、虾预混料，置于混合机（V型混合机，溧阳市汇达机械有限公司）内，混合机转速为18转/分混合均匀，得到混合物料；
（3）二次粉碎：取步骤（2）所得混合物料投入粉碎机中进行第二次粉碎，粉碎速度为400转/分，通过50目筛网，得到粉碎后混合物料；
（4）制粒：取步骤（3）制得的粉碎后混合物料投入水产饲料制粒机（STZG系列，正昌集团公司）制成饲料颗粒，颗粒粒径为3.0 mm；
（5）后处理：将饲料颗粒置于干燥机（DWT系列带式干燥机，正昌集团公司）中95℃温度烘干，再置于冷却器中（SKLG900滚筒冷却器，正昌集团公司）冷却后进行包装。
该配合饲料具有促生长、降低应激、抗氧化、增强免疫的作用，可以降低应激反应中的死亡率，促进了克氏原螯虾生长。
Claims (3)
1.一种克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料，其特征在于，所述配合饲料中的组分及重量份如下：进口鱼粉3~5份、豆粕23~25份、菜粕13~14份、虾粉4~5份、肉粉4~5份、血粉2~4份、玉米酒糟5~6份、面粉24~25份、米糠5.5~6份、豆油1.5份、鱼油1~1.5份、磷酸二氢钙2份、粘合剂0.5份、乌贼膏1.6~2份、大黄蒽醌提取物 0.2~0.3份、维生素C磷酸酯 0.2~0.3 份、维生素E醋酸酯 0.2份、山梨酸钾0.2 ~0.3份、食盐 0.2~0.3 份、虾预混料 2 份。
2.如权利要求1所述的克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料，其特征在于，所述配合饲料中的组分及重量份如下：进口鱼粉3份、豆粕25份、菜粕13份、虾粉4份、肉粉5份、血粉4份、玉米酒糟6份、面粉24份、米糠5.5份、豆油1.5份、鱼油1.5份、磷酸二氢钙2份、粘合剂0.5份、乌贼膏1.6份、大黄蒽醌提取物 0.3份、维生素C磷酸酯 0.3 份、维生素E醋酸酯0.2份、山梨酸钾0.3份、食盐 0.3 份、虾预混料 2 份。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的克氏原螯虾抗应激配合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）一次粉碎：进口鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、虾粉、肉粉、血粉、玉米酒糟、面粉、米糠经粉碎机第一次粉碎为混合粗物料，通过2.0mm的筛网；
（2）混料：在步骤（1）所得混合粗物料中加入豆油、鱼油、磷酸二氢钙、粘合剂、乌贼膏、大黄蒽醌提取物、维生素C磷酸酯、维生素E醋酸酯、山梨酸钾、食盐、虾预混料，并混合均匀得到混合物料；
（3）二次粉碎：取步骤（2）所得混合物料投入粉碎机中进行第二次粉碎，通过50目筛网，得到粉碎后混合物料；
（4）制粒：取步骤（3）制得的粉碎后混合物料投入水产饲料制粒机制成饲料颗粒，颗粒粒径为3mm；
（5）后处理：将饲料颗粒烘干、冷却后进行包装。
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| CN114586898A (zh) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-07 | 北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司 | 一种缓解雏禽运输应激的饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN115336676A (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-15 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种茶树油纳米乳液及其制备方法与应用 |
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| CN115336676A (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-15 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种茶树油纳米乳液及其制备方法与应用 |
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Application publication date: 20210108 |