CN112715786A - 一种克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料 - Google Patents
一种克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料，该配合饲料由以下原料组成：进口鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、虾粉、肉骨粉、血粉、玉米酒糟、面粉、米糠、豆油、磷酸二氢钙、粘合剂、食盐、虾预混料、赖氨酸、膨润土、蛋氨酸、雨生红球藻粉。本发明的饲料营养均衡丰富，配比合理，适口性和稳定性好，能有效提高饲料利用率，降低饲料系数和养殖成本，增强克氏原螯虾抗氧化能力，促进生长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产配合饲料技术领域，具体地涉及一种适合克氏原螯虾养殖的抗氧化配合饲料。
背景技术
克氏原螯虾(学名：Procambarus clarkii)，俗称红螯虾、小龙虾，隶属节肢动物门、甲壳纲、十足目、螯虾科、原螯虾属，原产于墨西哥北部和美国南部，上世纪三十年代从日本流入我国南京。克氏原螯虾营养丰富，其肌肉蛋白质含量高于多数淡水和海水鱼虾，且味道鲜美，深受广大养殖者和消费者青睐。近几年其养殖业发展迅猛，中国小龙虾产业发展报告(2020)报道，2019年我国克氏原螯虾总产值达4110亿元，同比增长19.28％，产量达208.96万吨，养殖总面积达1897万亩，已发展成为我国重要的水产养殖品种之一。
目前克氏原螯虾蛋白质、脂肪等常量营养需求研究较多，已经开始生产、销售克氏原螯虾的配合饲料。但专门研究开发提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化能力和增强体色的配合饲料尚未见报道。提高克氏原螯虾的抗氧化能力可以提高虾的免疫能力，降低疾病发生率，提高养殖成功率。克氏原螯虾的体色也严重影响该虾的售出价格。
因此，有必要开发一种能够提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化能力和增强体色的配合饲料。本发明克氏原螯虾抗氧化饲料营养均衡丰富，配比合理，适口性好，能有效提高饲料率利用率，降低饲料系数和养殖成本，提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化能力和存活率，改善体色，促进生长。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种克氏原螯虾的抗氧化配合饲料，以解决克氏原螯虾养殖产业中克氏原螯虾存活率低，养殖体色不好看的问题。该配合饲料营养全面，不仅能促进克氏原螯虾快速健康生长，还可以提高饲料利用率，降低饵料系数，改善克氏原螯虾体色。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的：
一种克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料，包含以下组分，其组分比例按重量百分比计：
进口鱼粉2.0-5.0份、豆粕20.0-30.0份、菜粕10.0-20.0份、虾粉4.0-6.0份、肉骨粉4.0-6.0份、血粉1.0-3.0份、玉米酒糟3.0-6.0份、面粉20.0-30.0份、米糠4.0-8.0份、豆油1.0-3.0份、磷酸二氢钙1.0-3.0份、粘合剂0.3-0.6份、食盐0.1-0.3份、虾预混料1.0-3.0份、赖氨酸0.1-0.2份、膨润土0.5-1.0份、蛋氨酸0.02-0.05份、雨生红球藻粉0.1-2.0份。
每Kg所述预混料中包括：维生素A，112.5mg；维生素D3，3.75mg；维生素E，4000mg；维生素K3，400mg；维生素B1，600mg；维生素B2，1000mg；维生素B6，850mg；维生素B12，2mg；烟酸，10000mg；叶酸，200mg；肌醇，12000mg；D-生物素，8mg；D-泛酸钙，2200mg；维生素C，14000mg；铁，6000mg；铜，300mg；锰，1500mg；锌，4000mg；硒，20mg；碘，70mg；钴，7mg，其余为次粉。
上述克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料中雨生红球藻粉由广州立达尔生物科技股份有限公司提供，其虾青素含量2.11％，蛋白含量20.32％，水分3.94％，砷＜3ppm，铅＜10ppm。
优选的，所述饲料的组分及各组分重量百分比：
进口鱼粉3.0份、豆粕24.0份、菜粕15.0份、虾粉5.0份、肉骨粉5.0份、血粉2.0份、玉米酒糟5.0份、面粉26.7份、米糠6.0份、豆油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙2.0份、粘合剂0.5份、食盐0.2份、虾预混料2.0份、赖氨酸0.18份、膨润土0.58份、蛋氨酸0.04份、雨生红球藻粉0.3份。
优选的，所述饲料的组分及各组分重量百分比：
进口鱼粉4.0份、豆粕24.0份、菜粕14.0份、虾粉4.0份、肉粉6.0份、血粉2.0份、玉米酒糟5.0份、面粉26.6份、米糠6.0份、豆油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙2.0份、粘合剂0.5份、食盐0.2份、虾预混料2.0份、赖氨酸0.18份、膨润土0.58份、蛋氨酸0.04份、雨生红球藻粉0.4份。
优选的，所述饲料的组分及各组分重量百分比：
进口鱼粉5.0份、豆粕23.0份、菜粕14.0份、虾粉5.0份、肉粉5.0份、血粉2.0份、玉米酒糟5.0份、面粉26.5份、米糠6.0份、豆油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙2.0份、粘合剂0.5份、食盐0.2份、虾预混料2.0份、赖氨酸0.18份、膨润土0.58份、蛋氨酸0.04份、雨生红球藻粉0.5份。
本发明还提供一种所述饲料的制备方法，采用以下工艺步骤
(1)一次粉碎：将进口鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、虾粉、肉骨粉、血粉、玉米酒糟、面粉、米糠投入粉碎机中进行第一次粉碎，粉碎速度为400-500r/min，得到混合粗物料，并过2.0mm筛网；
(2)混料：在步骤(1)所得混合粗物料中加入磷酸二氢钙、粘合剂、雨生红球藻粉、食盐、赖氨酸、食盐、虾预混料、膨润土、蛋氨酸投入混合机中混合均匀，投料时混合机转速为18-20r/min；
(3)二次粉碎：取步骤(2)所得混合均匀的物料投入粉碎机中进行第二次粉碎，并通过40-60目筛网；粉碎机粉碎速度，粉碎速度为400-500r/min；
(4)后处理：取步骤(3)制得的二次粉碎后的混合物料，加入豆油与适量水后，投入水产饲料制粒机，制得颗粒饲料；将颗粒饲料置入干燥机中90-100℃的温度下烘干；将烘干后的颗粒饲料在冷却器中冷却后进行包装，即得克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果：
(1)由雨生红球藻粉为克氏原螯虾提供虾青素，能够提高克氏原螯虾虾壳中的虾青素含量，改善虾体体色，增加经济效益。
(2)本配合饲料中采用豆粕、菜粕、虾粉、肉骨粉、血粉、玉米酒糟做为蛋白源，减少价格昂贵的鱼粉的用量，节约饲料成本，且多种蛋白源混合使用，起到氨基酸互补的作用，避免单一蛋白源替代引起的氨基酸缺乏，确保氨基酸平衡，提高蛋白质利用率，降低水体氮的排泄，保护养殖环境。
(3)本配合饲料中添加豆油代替鱼油，降低了饲料成本的同时满足克氏原螯虾对饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸的需要，促进克氏原螯虾快速增长。
(4)本配合饲料营养全面、丰富，雨生红球藻粉提供的虾青素能够提高克氏原螯虾的免疫与抗氧化能力，增强抗病能力，减少养殖过程中的用药概率和降低养殖风险。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明
本发明的一种克氏原鳌虾配合饲料，该饲料的组分及各组分的质量百分含量为：进口鱼粉2.0-5.0份、豆粕20.0-30.0份、菜粕10.0-20.0份、虾粉4.0-6.0份、肉骨粉4.0-6.0份、血粉1.0-3.0份、玉米酒糟3.0-6.0份、面粉20.0-30.0份、米糠4.0-8.0份、豆油1.0-3.0份、磷酸二氢钙1.0-3.0份、粘合剂0.3-0.6份、食盐0.1-0.3份、虾预混料1.0-3.0份、赖氨酸0.1-0.2份、膨润土0.5-1.0份、蛋氨酸0.02-0.05份、雨生红球藻粉0.1-2.0份。
每Kg所述预混料中包括：维生素A，112.5mg；维生素D3，3.75mg；维生素E，4000mg；维生素K3，400mg；维生素B1，600mg；维生素B2，1000mg；维生素B6，850mg；维生素B12，2mg；烟酸，10000mg；叶酸，200mg；肌醇，12000mg；D-生物素，8mg；D-泛酸钙，2200mg；维生素C，14000mg；铁，6000mg；铜，300mg；锰，1500mg；锌，4000mg；硒，20mg；碘，70mg；钴，7mg，其余为次粉。
上述克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料中雨生红球藻粉由广州立达尔生物科技股份有限公司提供，其虾青素含量2.11％，蛋白含量20.32％，水分3.94％，砷＜3ppm，铅＜10ppm。
上述克氏原螯虾配合饲料的制作方法为：
(1)一次粉碎：将进口鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、虾粉、肉骨粉、血粉、玉米酒糟、面粉、米糠(去掉份数)投入粉碎机中进行第一次粉碎，粉碎速度为400-500r/min，得到混合粗物料，并过2.0mm筛网；
(2)混料：在步骤(1)所得混合粗物料中加入磷酸二氢钙、粘合剂、雨生红球藻粉、食盐、赖氨酸、食盐、虾预混料，膨润土，蛋氨酸投入混合机中混合均匀，投料时混合机转速为18-20r/min；
(3)二次粉碎：取步骤(2)所得混合均匀的物料投入粉碎机中进行第二次粉碎，并通过40-60目筛网；粉碎机粉碎速度，粉碎速度为400-500r/min；
(4)后处理：取步骤(3)制得的二次粉碎后的混合物料，加入豆油与适量水后，投入水产饲料制粒机，制得颗粒饲料；将颗粒饲料置入干燥机中90-100℃的温度下烘干；将烘干后的颗粒饲料在冷却器中冷却后进行包装，即得克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料。
另外，本发明的克氏原螯虾配合饲料在2020年8月14日至2020年10月15日在江苏省淡水水产研究所禄口基地进行了对比实验，饲料配方见表1。实验结果发现，使用本发明的克氏原螯虾配合饲料后，实验组克氏原螯虾的增重率、特定生长率和存活率都有了提高，且体色肉眼可见有改善，由此充分的说明了本发明的克氏原螯虾配合饲料营养全面均衡，能更好地满足克氏原螯虾在生长过程中对营养的需要，有利于克氏原螯虾的快速增长，性价比较高，具体见下表2。
表1饲料配方表(％)
表2添加雨生红球藻养殖效果
实施例1：
本发明的克氏原螯虾配合饲料中各组分及各组分的质量百分比含量为：进口鱼粉3.0％、豆粕24％、菜粕15.0％、虾粉5.0％、肉骨粉5.0％、血粉2.0％、玉米酒糟5.0％、面粉26.7％、米糠6.0％、豆油2.5％、磷酸二氢钙2.0％、粘合剂0.5％、食盐0.2％、虾预混料2.0％、赖氨酸0.18％、膨润土0.58％、蛋氨酸0.04％、雨生红球藻粉0.3％。
每Kg所述预混料中包括：维生素A，112.5mg；维生素D3，3.75mg；维生素E，4000mg；维生素K3，400mg；维生素B1，600mg；维生素B2，1000mg；维生素B6，850mg；维生素B12，2mg；烟酸，10000mg；叶酸，200mg；肌醇，12000mg；D-生物素，8mg；D-泛酸钙，2200mg；维生素C，14000mg；铁，6000mg；铜，300mg；锰，1500mg；锌，4000mg；硒，20mg；碘，70mg；钴，7mg，其余为次粉。
上述克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料中雨生红球藻粉由广州立达尔生物科技股份有限公司提供，其虾青素含量2.11％，蛋白含量20.32％，水分3.94％，砷＜3ppm，铅＜10ppm。
上述克氏原螯虾配合饲料的制作方法为：
(1)一次粉碎：将进口鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、虾粉、肉骨粉、血粉、玉米酒糟、面粉、米糠(去掉份数)投入粉碎机中进行第一次粉碎，粉碎速度为400-500r/min，得到混合粗物料，并过2.0mm筛网；
(2)混料：在步骤(1)所得混合粗物料中加入磷酸二氢钙、粘合剂、雨生红球藻粉、食盐、赖氨酸、食盐、虾预混料，膨润土，蛋氨酸投入混合机中混合均匀，投料时混合机转速为18-20r/min；
(3)二次粉碎：取步骤(2)所得混合均匀的物料投入粉碎机中进行第二次粉碎，并通过40-60目筛网；粉碎机粉碎速度，粉碎速度为400-500r/min；
(4)后处理：取步骤(3)制得的二次粉碎后的混合物料，加入豆油与适量水后，投入水产饲料制粒机，制得颗粒饲料；将颗粒饲料置入干燥机中90-100℃的温度下烘干；将烘干后的颗粒饲料在冷却器中冷却后进行包装，即得克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料。
实施例2：
基本内容同实施例1，不同之处在于：克氏原螯虾配合饲料的组分及各组分重量百分比：
进口鱼粉4.0％、豆粕24％、菜粕14.0％、虾粉4.0％、肉粉6.0％、血粉2.0％、玉米酒糟5.0％、面粉26.6％、米糠6.0％、豆油2.5％、磷酸二氢钙2.0％、粘合剂0.5％、食盐0.2％、虾预混料2.0％、赖氨酸0.18％、膨润土0.58％、蛋氨酸0.04％、雨生红球藻粉0.4％。
实施例3：
基本内容同实施例1，不同之处在于：克氏原螯虾配合饲料的组分及各组分重量百分比：
进口鱼粉5.0％、豆粕23％、菜粕14.0％、虾粉5.0％、肉粉5.0％、血粉2.0％、玉米酒糟5.0％、面粉26.5％、米糠6.0％、豆油2.5％、磷酸二氢钙2.0％、粘合剂0.5％、食盐0.2％、虾预混料2.0％、赖氨酸0.18％、膨润土0.58％、蛋氨酸0.04％、雨生红球藻粉0.5％。
综上所述，本发明的一种克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料，具有营养全面均衡、增强克氏原螯虾抗氧化能力，改善虾壳颜色，使用成本低、性价比较高的优点。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不以上述实施方式为限，但凡本领域普通技术人员根据本发明所揭示内容所作的等效修饰或变化，皆应纳入权利要求书中记载的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料，其特征在于，其组分比例按重量份数计：进口鱼粉2.0-5.0份、豆粕20.0-30.0份、菜粕10.0-20.0份、虾粉4.0-6.0份、肉骨粉4.0-6.0份、血粉1.0-3.0份、玉米酒糟3.0-6.0份、面粉20.0-30.0份、米糠4.0-8.0份、豆油1.0-3.0份、磷酸二氢钙1.0-3.0份、粘合剂0.3-0.6份、食盐0.1-0.3份、虾预混料1.0-3.0份、赖氨酸0.1-0.2份、膨润土0.5-1.0份、蛋氨酸0.02-0.05份、雨生红球藻粉0.1-2.0份。
每Kg所述预混料中包括：维生素A，112.5mg；维生素D3，3.75mg；维生素E，4000mg；维生素K3，400mg；维生素B1，600mg；维生素B2，1000mg；维生素B6，850mg；维生素B12，2mg；烟酸，10000mg；叶酸，200mg；肌醇，12000mg；D-生物素，8mg；D-泛酸钙，2200mg；维生素C，14000mg；铁，6000mg；铜，300mg；锰，1500mg；锌，4000mg；硒，20mg；碘，70mg；钴，7mg，其余为次粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料，其特征在于，所述的雨生红球藻粉中虾青素含量2.11％，蛋白质含量20.32％，水分3.94％，砷＜3ppm，铅＜10ppm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料，其特征在于，所述克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料的组分及各组分的质量百分含量为：
进口鱼粉3.0份、豆粕24.0份、菜粕15.0份、虾粉5.0份、肉粉5.0份、血粉2.0份、玉米酒糟5.0份、面粉26.7份、米糠6.0份、豆油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙2.0份、粘合剂0.5份、食盐0.2份、虾预混料2.0份、赖氨酸0.18份、膨润土0.58份、蛋氨酸0.04份、雨生红球藻粉0.3份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的克氏原螯虾配合饲料，其特征在于，所述克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料的组分及各组分的质量百分含量为：
进口鱼粉4.0份、豆粕24.0份、菜粕14.0份、虾粉4.0份、肉粉6.0份、血粉2.0份、玉米酒糟5.0份、面粉26.6份、米糠6.0份、豆油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙2.0份、粘合剂0.5份、食盐0.2份、虾预混料2.0份、赖氨酸0.18份、膨润土0.58份、蛋氨酸0.04份、雨生红球藻粉0.4份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的克氏原螯虾配合饲料，其特征在于，所述克氏原螯虾抗氧化配合饲料的组分及各组分的质量百分含量为：
进口鱼粉5.0份、豆粕23.0份、菜粕14.0份、虾粉5.0份、肉粉5.0份、血粉2.0份、玉米酒糟5.0份、面粉26.5份、米糠6.0份、豆油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙2.0份、粘合剂0.5份、食盐0.2份、虾预混料2.0份、赖氨酸0.18份、膨润土0.58份、蛋氨酸0.04份、雨生红球藻粉0.5份。
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