WO2022127243A1 - 一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022127243A1
WO2022127243A1 PCT/CN2021/119289 CN2021119289W WO2022127243A1 WO 2022127243 A1 WO2022127243 A1 WO 2022127243A1 CN 2021119289 W CN2021119289 W CN 2021119289W WO 2022127243 A1 WO2022127243 A1 WO 2022127243A1
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meal
vitamin
fishmeal
powder
compound feed
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PCT/CN2021/119289
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English (en)
French (fr)
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冼健安
李军涛
张泽龙
张秀霞
王冬梅
鲁耀鹏
郑佩华
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中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所
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Publication of WO2022127243A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022127243A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feeds, and in particular relates to a fishmeal-free compound feed for red crayfish and a preparation method thereof.
  • the red crayfish commonly known as Australian freshwater lobster, is native to streams in northern Australia and southern New Guinea.
  • my country first carried out trial cultivation in 1992, but due to the low germination rate and high price of shrimp fry, it restricted its large-scale promotion and cultivation, and gradually faded out of my country's aquaculture industry under the upsurge of shrimp cultivation.
  • some farmers have begun to seek new and promising breeding species for prawn cultivation.
  • Red crayfish have high meat yield, delicious taste and strong adaptability. As well as high prices, the aquaculture market has been reintroduced.
  • red crayfish At present, the artificial cultivation of red crayfish is still in its infancy, lacking special artificial compound feeds.
  • the more serious it is, the aquaculture animals are vulnerable to the stress of various toxic substances, resulting in slow growth, low yield, decreased immunity and disease resistance, and easy outbreaks of diseases. Therefore, the compound feed used should be added for specific species.
  • Immune enhancer from a nutritional point of view, improves the immunity and anti-stress ability of aquatic animals, reduces the probability of disease occurrence, thereby reducing drug use, gradually realizing ecological farming, producing safe and high-quality aquaculture aquatic products, environmental protection and aquatic products. The healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture is of great significance.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fishmeal-free compound feed for red crayfish and a preparation method thereof, which has comprehensive and balanced nutrition and can meet the growth and immune requirements of red crayfish to various nutrients.
  • the invention provides a fishmeal-free compound feed for red crayfish, which, in terms of mass fraction, comprises the following components:
  • each 100g of the multivitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A, 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate, 100mg vitamin B1, 600mg vitamin B2, 400mg vitamin B6, 0.2mg vitamin B12, 150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg niacin, the balance is corncob flour.
  • Each 100 g of the complex minerals contains 2193.0 mg ZnSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 37.6 mg Na 2 SeO 3 , 392.2 mg CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O, 4975.1 mg FeSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 1538.5 mg MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O, 211.0 mg CoSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 20.3 mg Ca(IO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 7H 2 O, and the balance is shell powder.
  • Each 100 g of the immune enhancer contains 35 g of marine red yeast powder, 20 g of marine chlorella powder, 15 g of Sargassum polysaccharide, 15 g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10 g of sodium alginate and 5 g of kelp powder.
  • Each 100g of the food attractant contains 10g of glycine, 5g of alanine, 15g of sodium glutamate, 40g of DMPT, and 30g of Houttuynia cordata.
  • Each 100 g of the composite enzyme contains 30 g of cellulase, 35 g of neutral protease, 15 g of phytase, 10 g of mannanase, and 10 g of xylanase.
  • the red crayfish compound feed without fishmeal in terms of mass fraction, includes the following components:
  • soybean meal 20% peanut bran 11%, corn gluten meal 10%, rapeseed meal 6%, squid meal 6%, blood meal 4%, shrimp shell meal 5%, brewer's yeast 4%, earthworm meal 1%, sucrose 4% , Corn Starch 7%, High Gluten Flour 7%, Sodium Chloride 0.1%, Multivitamin 1.5%, Multimineral 1.0%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, Monocalcium Phosphate 1.5%, Lysine 0.4%, Methionine 0.5%, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.92%, immune enhancer 1.5%, food attractant 2.0%, compound enzyme 0.08%, soybean oil 2.5%, peanut oil 2.5%;
  • the composition of the multivitamin is: every 100g of the multivitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A, 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate, 100mg vitamin B 1 , 600mg vitamin B 2 , 400mg vitamin B 6 , 0.2mg vitamin B 12 , 150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg niacin, and the balance is corncob flour.
  • composition of the complex minerals is: 2193.0 mg ZnSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 37.6 mg Na 2 SeO 3 , 392.2 mg CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O, 4975.1 mg FeSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 1538.5 mg per 100 g of the complex minerals mg MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O, 211.0 mg CoSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 20.3 mg Ca(IO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 7H 2 O, and the balance is shell powder.
  • composition of the immune enhancer is as follows: every 100g of the immune enhancer contains 35g marine red yeast powder, 20g marine chlorella powder, 15g sargassum polysaccharide, 15g photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g sodium alginate and 5g kelp powder.
  • composition of the food attractant is as follows: every 100 g of the food attractant contains 10 g of glycine, 5 g of alanine, 15 g of sodium glutamate, 40 g of DMPT, and 30 g of Houttuynia cordata.
  • composition of the composite enzyme is as follows: every 100 g of the composite enzyme contains 30 g of cellulase, 35 g of neutral protease, 15 g of phytase, 10 g of mannanase, and 10 g of xylanase.
  • the content of the lysine is 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5% or 0.6%;
  • the content of the methionine is 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4% or 0.2%;
  • the content of the food attractant is 3.0%, 2.0%, or 1.0%;
  • the content of the immunopotentiator is 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0%.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of the red crayfish fishmeal-free compound feed according to the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:
  • soybean meal, peanut bran, corn gluten meal, rapeseed meal, squid meal, blood meal, shrimp shell meal, brewer's yeast, earthworm meal and sucrose are pulverized and mixed to obtain premix 1;
  • Sodium chloride, multivitamins, multiminerals, choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, lysine, methionine, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, immune enhancer and food attractant are pulverized and mixed to obtain a premix 3;
  • Soybean oil and peanut oil are mixed with the solid premix, stirred evenly, then added with water accounting for 15-30% of the total mass of the feed, stirred evenly, pressed, and dried to obtain a fishmeal-free compound feed for crayfish.
  • the present invention is preferably compressed into granular feed; preferably dried or air-dried at 40-50°C.
  • All raw materials that need to be pulverized in the present invention are pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.
  • the red crayfish compound feed provided by the invention has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, and can meet the growth and immune requirements of the red crayfish for various nutrients.
  • the added lysine and methionine supplement the amino acid deficiency of plant protein, the added multivitamins and multiminerals supplement the deficiency of vitamins and minerals, and the added immune enhancer can significantly improve the immunity and disease resistance of red crayfish And the ability to resist environmental stress, the added bait attractant can significantly improve the palatability of the feed, and the added compound enzyme can improve the utilization rate of the plant protein source and decompose the anti-nutritional factors of the plant protein source.
  • red crayfish fishmeal-free compound feed provided by the present invention and its preparation method are described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but they can not be construed as the limitation to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 a fishmeal-free compound feed for red crayfish, comprising the following components by mass percentage:
  • each 100g multivitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A , 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate, 100mg vitamin B1, 600mg vitamin B2, 400mg vitamin B6 , 0.2mg vitamin B 12 , 150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg niacin, the balance is corncob flour.
  • composition of the complex minerals is: 2193.0 mg ZnSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 37.6 mg Na 2 SeO 3 , 392.2 mg CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O, 4975.1 mg FeSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 1538.5 mg per 100 g of the complex minerals mg MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O, 211.0 mg CoSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 20.3 mg Ca(IO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 7H 2 O, and the balance is shell powder.
  • composition of the immune enhancer is as follows: every 100g of the immune enhancer contains 35g marine red yeast powder, 20g marine chlorella powder, 15g sargassum polysaccharide, 15g photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g sodium alginate and 5g kelp powder.
  • composition of the food attractant is as follows: every 100 g of the food attractant contains 10 g of glycine, 5 g of alanine, 15 g of sodium glutamate, 40 g of DMPT, and 30 g of Houttuynia cordata.
  • composition of the composite enzyme is as follows: every 100 g of the composite enzyme contains 30 g of cellulase, 35 g of neutral protease, 15 g of phytase, 10 g of mannanase, and 10 g of xylanase.
  • Embodiment 2 a fishmeal-free compound feed for red crayfish, comprising the following components by mass percentage:
  • each 100g multivitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A , 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate, 100mg vitamin B1, 600mg vitamin B2, 400mg vitamin B6 , 0.2mg vitamin B 12 , 150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg niacin, the balance is corncob flour.
  • composition of the complex minerals is: 2193.0 mg ZnSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 37.6 mg Na 2 SeO 3 , 392.2 mg CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O, 4975.1 mg FeSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 1538.5 mg per 100 g of the complex minerals mg MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O, 211.0 mg CoSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 20.3 mg Ca(IO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 7H 2 O, and the balance is shell powder.
  • composition of the immune enhancer is as follows: every 100g of the immune enhancer contains 35g marine red yeast powder, 20g marine chlorella powder, 15g sargassum polysaccharide, 15g photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g sodium alginate and 5g kelp powder.
  • composition of the food attractant is as follows: every 100 g of the food attractant contains 10 g of glycine, 5 g of alanine, 15 g of sodium glutamate, 40 g of DMPT, and 30 g of Houttuynia cordata.
  • composition of the composite enzyme is as follows: every 100 g of the composite enzyme contains 30 g of cellulase, 35 g of neutral protease, 15 g of phytase, 10 g of mannanase, and 10 g of xylanase.
  • Embodiment 3 a kind of red crayfish fishmeal-free compound feed, including the following components by mass percentage:
  • each 100g multivitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A , 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate, 100mg vitamin B1, 600mg vitamin B2, 400mg vitamin B6 , 0.2mg vitamin B 12 , 150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg niacin, the balance is corncob flour.
  • composition of the complex minerals is: 2193.0 mg ZnSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 37.6 mg Na 2 SeO 3 , 392.2 mg CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O, 4975.1 mg FeSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 1538.5 mg per 100 g of the complex minerals mg MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O, 211.0 mg CoSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 20.3 mg Ca(IO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 7H 2 O, and the balance is shell powder.
  • composition of the immune enhancer is as follows: every 100g of the immune enhancer contains 35g marine red yeast powder, 20g marine chlorella powder, 15g sargassum polysaccharide, 15g photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g sodium alginate and 5g kelp powder.
  • composition of the food attractant is as follows: every 100 g of the food attractant contains 10 g of glycine, 5 g of alanine, 15 g of sodium glutamate, 40 g of DMPT, and 30 g of Houttuynia cordata.
  • composition of the composite enzyme is as follows: every 100 g of the composite enzyme contains 30 g of cellulase, 35 g of neutral protease, 15 g of phytase, 10 g of mannanase, and 10 g of xylanase.
  • Embodiment 4 a kind of red crayfish fishmeal-free compound feed, including the following components by mass percentage:
  • each 100g multivitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A , 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate, 100mg vitamin B1, 600mg vitamin B2, 400mg vitamin B6 , 0.2mg vitamin B 12 , 150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg niacin, the balance is corncob flour.
  • composition of the complex minerals is: 2193.0 mg ZnSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 37.6 mg Na 2 SeO 3 , 392.2 mg CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O, 4975.1 mg FeSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 1538.5 mg per 100 g of the complex minerals mg MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O, 211.0 mg CoSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 20.3 mg Ca(IO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 7H 2 O, and the balance is shell powder.
  • composition of the immune enhancer is as follows: every 100g of the immune enhancer contains 35g marine red yeast powder, 20g marine chlorella powder, 15g sargassum polysaccharide, 15g photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g sodium alginate and 5g kelp powder.
  • composition of the food attractant is as follows: every 100 g of the food attractant contains 10 g of glycine, 5 g of alanine, 15 g of sodium glutamate, 40 g of DMPT, and 30 g of Houttuynia cordata.
  • composition of the composite enzyme is as follows: every 100 g of the composite enzyme contains 30 g of cellulase, 35 g of neutral protease, 15 g of phytase, 10 g of mannanase, and 10 g of xylanase.
  • Comparative Example 1 does not contain food attractants, and is replaced by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • Comparative Example 2 does not contain lysine and methionine, and is replaced by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • Comparative Example 3 does not contain an immunopotentiator, and is replaced by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • the feed is prepared by the method of Example 1 in the red crayfish feed disclosed in the patent CN201810036567.2.
  • the compound feeds of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were prepared according to the above method, and according to the cultivation method: the juvenile red crayfish with intact appendages, healthy and disease-free and in the intermolting stage was selected for the cultivation test, and randomly divided into three groups. 9 sets of 3 repetitions, each repetition of 30 shrimp.
  • the culture test was carried out in the cages of the indoor circulating filtration culture system. The size of each cage was 100cm ⁇ 100cm ⁇ 100cm, the water level height was 70cm, and 30 PVC pipes were placed at the bottom of each culture box as a shield. During the breeding period, the water temperature was 26-30°C, and the pH value was 7.8.
  • the daily feeding amount was 6% of the shrimp body weight, which was adjusted according to the actual feeding situation. It was fed twice a day at 07:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the feeding period was 8 weeks.
  • the results of testing its hepatopancreas immune indicators and blood cell immune indicators are shown in Table 2:
  • Example 1 0.69 ⁇ 0.04 17.35 ⁇ 2.13 2409.71 ⁇ 176.74 86.67 ⁇ 3.33 1.32
  • Example 2 0.62 ⁇ 0.08 16.26 ⁇ 0.87 2524.10 ⁇ 209.56 82.22 ⁇ 3.85 1.33
  • Example 3 0.63 ⁇ 0.06 15.69 ⁇ 1.27 2416.60 ⁇ 435.67 84.44 ⁇ 5.09 1.30
  • Example 4 0.65 ⁇ 0.10 17.30 ⁇ 1.61 2567.80 ⁇ 226.93
  • Example 1 0.69 ⁇ 0.03 13.36 ⁇ 1.64 1831.30 ⁇ 154.01 68.89 ⁇ 6.94 1.44
  • Comparative Example 2 0.64 ⁇ 0.13 13.21 ⁇ 1.88 1990.87 ⁇ 130.04 83.33 ⁇ 3.33 1.37
  • Comparative Example 3 0.66 ⁇ 0.04 11.34 ⁇ 1.29 1632.72 ⁇ 319.54 78.89 ⁇ 3.85 1.49 Comparative Example 4 0.61 ⁇ 0.11 16.49 ⁇ 1.22 2657.70 ⁇ 349.75 82
  • the weight gain rates of Examples 1 to 4 are significantly better than those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, indicating that in the fish meal-free formula, no food attractants, lysine and methionine, and immune enhancers are added to the red
  • the growth of crayfish has a negative impact; the weight gain rates of Examples 1 to 4 are close to those of Comparative Example 4, indicating that without adding fishmeal, by supplementing certain nutrients and immunomodulatory factors, and adjusting palatability, no fish meal can be obtained.
  • the effect of the fish meal formula is close to that of the fish meal formula; the weight gain rate of Examples 1 to 4 is obviously better than that of Comparative Example 5, indicating that the formula is better than the commercially available crayfish feed.
  • the immune indexes of Examples 1 to 4 are significantly better than those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, indicating that in this fish meal-free formula, no food attractants, lysine and methionine, and immune enhancers are added to the red chelating agent.
  • the immune function of crayfish has a negative impact; the immune index of Examples 1 to 4 is close to that of Comparative Example 4; the immune index of Examples 1 to 4 is significantly better than that of Comparative Example 5, indicating that the formula has an immune-promoting effect on red crayfish. Better than commercially available crayfish feed.
  • the immune index of Comparative Example 3 was the worst, indicating that the lack of immune enhancers in the fishmeal-free formula had a greater negative impact on the immune function of red crayfish.
  • the components of the immune enhancer are all derived from marine biological resources. Among them, marine red yeast can produce astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is a natural substance with the strongest antioxidant effect. The shells and epidermis of crustaceans are rich in astaxanthin. The astaxanthin layer can play a very good protective role. When the shrimp body is invaded by pathogens or environmental stress, the shrimp body will produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species.
  • Chlorella is rich in protein, lipids, polysaccharides, dietary fiber, a variety of vitamins and minerals, as well as Chlorella growth-promoting factors, and has a relatively comprehensive nutritional health care and immune-promoting effect on the body.
  • Sargassum polysaccharides can stimulate the body's immune function.
  • Photosynthetic bacteria are rich in protein, a variety of vitamins and minerals, carotenoids and coenzyme Q.
  • Carotenoids enhance the body's antioxidant activity.
  • Coenzyme Q plays an important role in proton translocation and electron transfer in the respiratory chain in the body. Activator of respiration and cellular metabolism, also an important antioxidant and non-specific immune enhancer.
  • the red crayfish compound feed provided by the present invention has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, can meet the growth and immune requirements of red crayfish on various nutrients, and uses vegetable protein to replace fish meal, thereby reducing feed costs and eliminating the need for
  • the added lysine and methionine supplement the amino acid deficiency of vegetable protein the added multivitamins and multiminerals supplement the deficiency of vitamins and minerals, and the added immune enhancer can significantly improve the red crayfish's Immunity, disease resistance and environmental stress resistance
  • the added food attractant can significantly improve the palatability of the feed
  • the added compound enzyme can improve the utilization rate of plant protein sources and decompose the anti-nutritional factors of plant protein sources.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种红螯螯虾配合饲料及其制备方法，包括豆粕14～23％，花生麸8～11％，玉米蛋白粉6～10％，菜粕5～9％，乌贼粉5～10％，血粉4～8％，虾壳粉4～7％，啤酒酵母3～6％，蚯蚓粉1～3％，蔗糖3～6％，玉米淀粉6～9％，高筋面粉6～9％，氯化钠0.1～0.2％，复合维生素1.0～2.0％，复合矿物质0.5～1.5％，氯化胆碱0.5～1.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.0～2.0％，赖氨酸0.2～0.6％，蛋氨酸0.2～0.8％，羧甲基纤维素钠0.9～1.95％，免疫增强剂1.0～2.0％，诱食剂1.0～3.0％，复合酶0.05～0.1％，大豆油2.0～3.0％，花生油2.0～3.0％。营养全面均衡。

Description

一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料及其制备方法
本申请要求于2020年12月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011472417.X、发明名称为“一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖饲料技术领域，尤其涉及一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
红螯螯虾俗称澳洲淡水龙虾，原产于澳大利亚北部地区和新几内亚南部的溪流中。我国最早于1992年进行试养，但由于出苗率低，虾苗价格高等原因制约了它的大规模推广养殖，并在对虾的养殖热潮下逐渐淡出了我国的水产养殖业。近年来，由于对虾各类疾病频发，全国对虾养成率低下，部分养殖户对对虾养殖开始寻求新的具有前景的养殖品种，红螯螯虾因出肉率高、味道鲜美、适应性强以及售价高，又重新进行了水产养殖市场。
目前红螯螯虾的人工养殖仍处于初级阶段，缺乏专门的人工配合饲料，一部分养殖户选用南瓜等瓜果进行投喂，营养明显缺乏，导致生长缓慢，养殖周期长，产量低；另有一部分养殖户选用如南美白对虾等其它虾类的配合饲料，成本较高，且明显不符合红螯螯虾的营养生理需求，饵料系数较高，造成浪费；另一方面，由于养殖环境恶化越来越严重，养殖水产动物容易遭受各类毒性物质的胁迫作用，导致生长缓慢、产量低、免疫力和抗病力下降、容易爆发疾病等问题，因此所使用的配合饲料应针对特定物种添加适宜的免疫增强剂，从营养学角度提高水产动物自身的免疫力和抗胁迫能力，降低病害发生的几率，从而减少用药，逐步实现生态型养殖，生产安全优质的养殖水产品，对环境的保护以及水产养殖业的健康可持续发展均具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料及其制备方法，该饲 料营养全面均衡，能够满足红螯螯虾对各种营养素的生长和免疫需求。
本发明提供了一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，以质量分数计，包括以下组分：
豆粕14～23％，花生麸8～11％，玉米蛋白粉6～10％，菜粕5～9％，乌贼粉5～10％，血粉4～8％，虾壳粉4～7％，啤酒酵母3～6％，蚯蚓粉1～3％，蔗糖3～6％，玉米淀粉6～9％，高筋面粉6～9％，氯化钠0.1～0.2％，复合维生素1.0～2.0％，复合矿物质0.5～1.5％，氯化胆碱0.5～1.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.0～2.0％，赖氨酸0.2～0.6％，蛋氨酸0.2～0.8％，羧甲基纤维素钠0.9～1.95％，免疫增强剂1.0～2.0％，诱食剂1.0～3.0％，复合酶0.05～0.1％，大豆油2.0～3.0％，花生油2.0～3.0％。
在本发明中，所述每100g所述复合维生素中含有12000IU维生素A，5000IU维生素D，2000IU维生素E，10000mg维生素C多聚磷酸酯，100mg维生素B1，600mg维生素B2，400mg维生素B6，0.2mg维生素B12，150mg维生素K，25mg叶酸，4mg生物素，8000mg肌醇，700mg泛酸钙，1500mg烟酸，余量为玉米芯粉。
每100g所述复合矿物质中含有2193.0mg ZnSO 4·7H 2O，37.6mg Na 2SeO 3，392.2mg CuSO 4·5H 2O，4975.1mg FeSO 4·7H 2O，1538.5mg MnSO 4·H 2O，211.0mg CoSO 4·7H 2O，20.3mg Ca(IO 3) 2·7H 2O，余量为贝壳粉。
每100g所述免疫增强剂含有35g海洋红酵母粉，20g海洋小球藻粉，15g马尾藻多糖，15g光合细菌菌粉，10g海藻酸钠和5g昆布粉。
每100g所述诱食剂含有10g甘氨酸，5g丙氨酸，15g谷氨酸钠，40gDMPT，30g鱼腥草。
每100g所述复合酶含有纤维素酶30g、中性蛋白酶35g、植酸酶15g、甘露聚糖酶10g、木聚糖酶10g。
具体实施例中，所述红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，以质量分数计，包括以下组分：
豆粕23％，花生麸10％，玉米蛋白粉8％，菜粕5％，乌贼粉5％，血粉8％，虾壳粉4％，啤酒酵母3％，蚯蚓粉1％，蔗糖3％，玉米淀粉6％，高筋面粉9％，氯化钠0.2％，复合维生素2.0％，复合矿物质1.0％，氯化胆碱0.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.5％，赖氨酸0.2％，蛋氨酸0.6％，羧甲基纤维素钠0.9％，免疫 增强剂1.0％，诱食剂3.0％，复合酶0.1％，大豆油2.0％，花生油2.0％；
或包括豆粕20％，花生麸11％，玉米蛋白粉10％，菜粕6％，乌贼粉6％，血粉4％，虾壳粉5％，啤酒酵母4％，蚯蚓粉1％，蔗糖4％，玉米淀粉7％，高筋面粉7％，氯化钠0.1％，复合维生素1.5％，复合矿物质1.0％，氯化胆碱0.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.5％，赖氨酸0.4％，蛋氨酸0.5％，羧甲基纤维素钠0.92％，免疫增强剂1.5％，诱食剂2.0％，复合酶0.08％，大豆油2.5％，花生油2.5％；
或包括豆粕18％，花生麸8％，玉米蛋白粉6％，菜粕8％，乌贼粉8％，血粉4％，虾壳粉6％，啤酒酵母5％，蚯蚓粉2％，蔗糖5％，玉米淀粉9％，高筋面粉6％，氯化钠0.1％，复合维生素1.0％，复合矿物质1.0％，氯化胆碱1.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.0％，赖氨酸0.5％，蛋氨酸0.4％，羧甲基纤维素钠1.44％，免疫增强剂2.0％，诱食剂1.0％，复合酶0.06％，大豆油3.0％，花生油2.0％。
或包括豆粕14％，花生麸9％，玉米蛋白粉6％，菜粕9％，乌贼粉10％，血粉4％，虾壳粉7％，啤酒酵母6％，蚯蚓粉3％，蔗糖6％，玉米淀粉6％，高筋面粉6％，氯化钠0.1％，复合维生素1.0％，复合矿物质1.5％，氯化胆碱0.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.0％，赖氨酸0.6％，蛋氨酸0.2％，羧甲基纤维素钠1.95％，免疫增强剂1.0％，诱食剂1.0％，复合酶0.05％，大豆油2.0％，花生油3.0％。
具体实施例中，复合维生素的组成为：每100g复合维生素含有12000IU维生素A，5000IU维生素D，2000IU维生素E，10000mg维生素C多聚磷酸酯，100mg维生素B 1，600mg维生素B 2，400mg维生素B 6，0.2mg维生素B 12，150mg维生素K，25mg叶酸，4mg生物素，8000mg肌醇，700mg泛酸钙，1500mg烟酸，余量为玉米芯粉。
复合矿物质的组成为：每100g所述复合矿物质含有2193.0mg ZnSO 4·7H 2O，37.6mg Na 2SeO 3，392.2mg CuSO 4·5H 2O，4975.1mg FeSO 4·7H 2O，1538.5mg MnSO 4·H 2O，211.0mg CoSO 4·7H 2O，20.3mg Ca(IO 3) 2·7H 2O，余量为贝壳粉。
免疫增强剂的组成为：每100g所述免疫增强剂含有35g海洋红酵母粉，20g海洋小球藻粉，15g马尾藻多糖，15g光合细菌菌粉，10g海藻酸钠和5g昆布粉。
诱食剂的组成为：每100g所述诱食剂含有10g甘氨酸，5g丙氨酸，15g 谷氨酸钠，40gDMPT，30g鱼腥草。
复合酶的组成为：每100g所述复合酶含有纤维素酶30g、中性蛋白酶35g、植酸酶15g、甘露聚糖酶10g、木聚糖酶10g。
在本发明具体实施例中，所述赖氨酸的含量为0.2％、0.4％、0.5％或0.6％；
所述蛋氨酸的含量为0.6％、0.5％、0.4％或0.2％；
所述诱食剂的含量为3.0％、2.0％、或1.0％；
所述免疫增强剂的含量为1.0％、1.5％、或2.0％。
本发明提供了一种上述技术方案所述红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将豆粕、花生麸、玉米蛋白粉、菜粕、乌贼粉、血粉、虾壳粉、啤酒酵母、蚯蚓粉和蔗糖粉碎后混合，得到预混料1；
将玉米淀粉、高筋面粉和复合酶混合，得到预混料2；
将氯化钠、复合维生素、复合矿物质、氯化胆碱、磷酸二氢钙、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、羧甲基纤维素钠、免疫增强剂和诱食剂粉碎后混合，得到预混料3；
将预混料1、预混料2和预混料3混合，得到固体预混料；
将大豆油和花生油与所述固体预混料混合，搅拌均匀，再加入占饲料总质量15～30％的水，搅拌均匀，压制，干燥后得到红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料。
本发明优选压制成颗粒状饲料；优选在40～50℃下烘干或风干。
本发明中所有需要粉碎的原料粉碎后过80目筛。
本发明提供的红螯螯虾配合饲料，营养全面均衡，能够满足红螯螯虾对各种营养素的生长和免疫需求，采用植物蛋白代替鱼粉，从而降低饲料成本，并免除了鱼粉的限制，其中添加的赖氨酸和蛋氨酸补充植物性蛋白的氨基酸缺乏，添加的复合维生素和复合矿物质补充维生素和矿物质的不足，添加的免疫增强剂可显著提高红螯螯虾的免疫力、抗病力和抗环境胁迫能力，添加的诱食剂可显著提高饲料的适口性，添加的复合酶提高对植物蛋白源的利用率、分解植物蛋白源的抗营养因子。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料及其制备方法进行详细地描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保 护范围的限定。
实施例1：一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，包括以下质量百分比的组分：
豆粕23％，花生麸10％，玉米蛋白粉8％，菜粕5％，乌贼粉5％，血粉8％，虾壳粉4％，啤酒酵母3％，蚯蚓粉1％，蔗糖3％，玉米淀粉6％，高筋面粉9％，氯化钠0.2％，复合维生素2.0％，复合矿物质1.0％，氯化胆碱0.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.5％，赖氨酸0.2％，蛋氨酸0.6％，羧甲基纤维素钠0.9％，免疫增强剂1.0％，诱食剂3.0％，复合酶0.1％，大豆油2.0％，花生油2.0％。
复合维生素的组成为：每100g复合维生素含有12000IU维生素A，5000IU维生素D，2000IU维生素E，10000mg维生素C多聚磷酸酯，100mg维生素B 1，600mg维生素B 2，400mg维生素B 6，0.2mg维生素B 12，150mg维生素K，25mg叶酸，4mg生物素，8000mg肌醇，700mg泛酸钙，1500mg烟酸，余量为玉米芯粉。
复合矿物质的组成为：每100g所述复合矿物质含有2193.0mg ZnSO 4·7H 2O，37.6mg Na 2SeO 3，392.2mg CuSO 4·5H 2O，4975.1mg FeSO 4·7H 2O，1538.5mg MnSO 4·H 2O，211.0mg CoSO 4·7H 2O，20.3mg Ca(IO 3) 2·7H 2O，余量为贝壳粉。
免疫增强剂的组成为：每100g所述免疫增强剂含有35g海洋红酵母粉，20g海洋小球藻粉，15g马尾藻多糖，15g光合细菌菌粉，10g海藻酸钠和5g昆布粉。
诱食剂的组成为：每100g所述诱食剂含有10g甘氨酸，5g丙氨酸，15g谷氨酸钠，40gDMPT，30g鱼腥草。
复合酶的组成为：每100g所述复合酶含有纤维素酶30g、中性蛋白酶35g、植酸酶15g、甘露聚糖酶10g、木聚糖酶10g。
实施例2：一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，包括以下质量百分比的组分：
豆粕20％，花生麸11％，玉米蛋白粉10％，菜粕6％，乌贼粉6％，血粉4％，虾壳粉5％，啤酒酵母4％，蚯蚓粉1％，蔗糖4％，玉米淀粉7％，高筋面粉7％，氯化钠0.1％，复合维生素1.5％，复合矿物质1.0％，氯化胆碱0.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.5％，赖氨酸0.4％，蛋氨酸0.5％，羧甲基纤维素钠0.92％，免疫增强剂1.5％，诱食剂2.0％，复合酶0.08％，大豆油2.5％，花生油2.5％。
复合维生素的组成为：每100g复合维生素含有12000IU维生素A，5000IU维生素D，2000IU维生素E，10000mg维生素C多聚磷酸酯，100mg维生素B 1，600mg维生素B 2，400mg维生素B 6，0.2mg维生素B 12，150mg维生素K，25mg叶酸，4mg生物素，8000mg肌醇，700mg泛酸钙，1500mg烟酸，余量为玉米芯粉。
复合矿物质的组成为：每100g所述复合矿物质含有2193.0mg ZnSO 4·7H 2O，37.6mg Na 2SeO 3，392.2mg CuSO 4·5H 2O，4975.1mg FeSO 4·7H 2O，1538.5mg MnSO 4·H 2O，211.0mg CoSO 4·7H 2O，20.3mg Ca(IO 3) 2·7H 2O，余量为贝壳粉。
免疫增强剂的组成为：每100g所述免疫增强剂含有35g海洋红酵母粉，20g海洋小球藻粉，15g马尾藻多糖，15g光合细菌菌粉，10g海藻酸钠和5g昆布粉。
诱食剂的组成为：每100g所述诱食剂含有10g甘氨酸，5g丙氨酸，15g谷氨酸钠，40gDMPT，30g鱼腥草。
复合酶的组成为：每100g所述复合酶含有纤维素酶30g、中性蛋白酶35g、植酸酶15g、甘露聚糖酶10g、木聚糖酶10g。
实施例3：一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，包括以下质量百分比的组分：
豆粕18％，花生麸8％，玉米蛋白粉6％，菜粕8％，乌贼粉8％，血粉4％，虾壳粉6％，啤酒酵母5％，蚯蚓粉2％，蔗糖5％，玉米淀粉9％，高筋面粉6％，氯化钠0.1％，复合维生素1.0％，复合矿物质1.0％，氯化胆碱1.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.0％，赖氨酸0.5％，蛋氨酸0.4％，羧甲基纤维素钠1.44％，免疫增强剂2.0％，诱食剂1.0％，复合酶0.06％，大豆油3.0％，花生油2.0％。
复合维生素的组成为：每100g复合维生素含有12000IU维生素A，5000IU维生素D，2000IU维生素E，10000mg维生素C多聚磷酸酯，100mg维生素B 1，600mg维生素B 2，400mg维生素B 6，0.2mg维生素B 12，150mg维生素K，25mg叶酸，4mg生物素，8000mg肌醇，700mg泛酸钙，1500mg烟酸，余量为玉米芯粉。
复合矿物质的组成为：每100g所述复合矿物质含有2193.0mg ZnSO 4·7H 2O，37.6mg Na 2SeO 3，392.2mg CuSO 4·5H 2O，4975.1mg FeSO 4·7H 2O， 1538.5mg MnSO 4·H 2O，211.0mg CoSO 4·7H 2O，20.3mg Ca(IO 3) 2·7H 2O，余量为贝壳粉。
免疫增强剂的组成为：每100g所述免疫增强剂含有35g海洋红酵母粉，20g海洋小球藻粉，15g马尾藻多糖，15g光合细菌菌粉，10g海藻酸钠和5g昆布粉。
诱食剂的组成为：每100g所述诱食剂含有10g甘氨酸，5g丙氨酸，15g谷氨酸钠，40gDMPT，30g鱼腥草。
复合酶的组成为：每100g所述复合酶含有纤维素酶30g、中性蛋白酶35g、植酸酶15g、甘露聚糖酶10g、木聚糖酶10g。
实施例4：一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，包括以下质量百分比的组分：
豆粕14％，花生麸9％，玉米蛋白粉6％，菜粕9％，乌贼粉10％，血粉4％，虾壳粉7％，啤酒酵母6％，蚯蚓粉3％，蔗糖6％，玉米淀粉6％，高筋面粉6％，氯化钠0.1％，复合维生素1.0％，复合矿物质1.5％，氯化胆碱0.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.0％，赖氨酸0.6％，蛋氨酸0.2％，羧甲基纤维素钠1.95％，免疫增强剂1.0％，诱食剂1.0％，复合酶0.05％，大豆油2.0％，花生油3.0％。
复合维生素的组成为：每100g复合维生素含有12000IU维生素A，5000IU维生素D，2000IU维生素E，10000mg维生素C多聚磷酸酯，100mg维生素B 1，600mg维生素B 2，400mg维生素B 6，0.2mg维生素B 12，150mg维生素K，25mg叶酸，4mg生物素，8000mg肌醇，700mg泛酸钙，1500mg烟酸，余量为玉米芯粉。
复合矿物质的组成为：每100g所述复合矿物质含有2193.0mg ZnSO 4·7H 2O，37.6mg Na 2SeO 3，392.2mg CuSO 4·5H 2O，4975.1mg FeSO 4·7H 2O，1538.5mg MnSO 4·H 2O，211.0mg CoSO 4·7H 2O，20.3mg Ca(IO 3) 2·7H 2O，余量为贝壳粉。
免疫增强剂的组成为：每100g所述免疫增强剂含有35g海洋红酵母粉，20g海洋小球藻粉，15g马尾藻多糖，15g光合细菌菌粉，10g海藻酸钠和5g昆布粉。
诱食剂的组成为：每100g所述诱食剂含有10g甘氨酸，5g丙氨酸，15g谷氨酸钠，40gDMPT，30g鱼腥草。
复合酶的组成为：每100g所述复合酶含有纤维素酶30g、中性蛋白酶35g、植酸酶15g、甘露聚糖酶10g、木聚糖酶10g。
对比例1
对比例1和实施例1的区别在于：本对比例不包含诱食剂，用羧甲基纤维素钠代替。
对比例2
对比例2和实施例1的区别在于：本对比例不包含赖氨酸和蛋氨酸，用羧甲基纤维素钠代替。
对比例3
对比例3和实施例1的区别在于：本对比例不包含免疫增强剂，用羧甲基纤维素钠代替。
对比例4
采用专利CN201810036567.2公开的红螯螯虾饲料中实施例1的方法制备的饲料。
对比例5
市售小龙虾饲料。
按上述方法制备实施例1～4、对比例1～5的配合饲料，根据养殖方法：选择附肢完整、健康无患病并处于蜕皮间期的红螯螯虾幼虾进行养殖试验，随机分为9组，每组3个重复，每个重复30尾虾。养殖试验在室内循环过滤养殖系统的网箱中进行，每个网箱规格为100cm×100cm×100cm，水位高度70cm，每个养殖箱底部放置30个PVC管作为遮蔽物。养殖期间水温为26～30℃，pH值7.8。每天饲料的投喂量为虾体重的6％，按实际摄食情况进行调整。每天分两次投喂，时间分别为07:00和18:00，饲养周期为8周，不同饲料对红螯螯虾生长性能的影响结果如表1。测试其肝胰腺免疫指标和血细胞免疫指标结果如表2所示：
表1不同饲料对红螯螯虾生长性能的影响
项目 初重(g) 终重(g) 增重率(％) 存活率(％) 饵料系数
实施例1 0.69±0.04 17.35±2.13 2409.71±176.74 86.67±3.33 1.32
实施例2 0.62±0.08 16.26±0.87 2524.10±209.56 82.22±3.85 1.33
实施例3 0.63±0.06 15.69±1.27 2416.60±435.67 84.44±5.09 1.30
实施例4 0.65±0.10 17.30±1.61 2567.80±226.93 83.33±3.33 1.29
对比例1 0.69±0.03 13.36±1.64 1831.30±154.01 68.89±6.94 1.44
对比例2 0.64±0.13 13.21±1.88 1990.87±130.04 83.33±3.33 1.37
对比例3 0.66±0.04 11.34±1.29 1632.72±319.54 78.89±3.85 1.49
对比例4 0.61±0.11 16.49±1.22 2657.70±349.75 82.22±1.92 1.29
对比例5 0.68±0.03 14.39±0.96 2004.65±44.84 70.00±5.77 1.48
从表1可以看出，实施例1至4的增重率明显优于对比例1至3，说明该无鱼粉配方中，不添加诱食剂、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸、免疫增强剂均对红螯螯虾的生长产生负面影响；实施例1至4的增重率与对比例四接近，说明不添加鱼粉的情况下，通过补充一定的营养成分和免疫调节因子、调节适口性，可使无鱼粉配方的效果接近有鱼粉配方；实施例一至四的增重率明显优于对比例五，说明该配方优于市售小龙虾饲料。
表2不同饵料对红螯螯虾免疫指标的影响
Figure PCTCN2021119289-appb-000001
从表2可以看出：实施例1至4的免疫指标明显优于对比例1至3，说明该无鱼粉配方中，不添加诱食剂、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸、免疫增强剂均对红螯螯虾的免疫功能产生负面影响；实施例1至4的免疫指标与对比例4接近；实施例1至4的免疫指标明显优于对比例5，说明该配方对红螯螯虾的免疫促进作用优于市售小龙虾饲料。
对比例3的免疫指标最差，说明无鱼粉配方中缺乏免疫增强剂，对红螯螯虾免疫功能产生较大负面影响。该免疫增强剂成分均来源于海洋生物资源，其中海洋红酵母可产生虾青素，虾青素是目前具有最强抗氧化作用的天然物质，甲壳动物的甲壳和表皮均富含虾青素，虾青素层可起到很好的保护作用，当虾体受到病原体侵袭或环境胁迫时，虾体会产生大量的活性氧毒性成分，过量的活性氧会对虾体自身的蛋白质、脂肪及核酸等造成氧化损伤，导致虾体免疫系统进一步崩塌并最终死亡，因此缺乏虾青素的甲壳动物抗病力和抗胁迫能力均十分脆弱。小球藻富含蛋白质、脂质、多糖、膳食纤维、多种维生素与矿物质及小球藻促进生长因子，对机体具有较为全面的营养保健与免疫促进作用。马尾藻多糖可刺激机体的免疫功能。光合细菌富含蛋白质、多种维生素与矿物质、 类胡萝卜素及辅酶Q，类胡萝卜素增强机体的抗氧化活力，辅酶Q在体内呼吸链中质子移位及电子传递中起重要作用，是细胞呼吸和细胞代谢的激活剂，也是重要的抗氧化剂和非特异性免疫增强剂。
由以上实施例可知，本发明提供的红螯螯虾配合饲料，营养全面均衡，能够满足红螯螯虾对各种营养素的生长和免疫需求，采用植物蛋白代替鱼粉，从而降低饲料成本，并免除了鱼粉的限制，其中添加的赖氨酸和蛋氨酸补充植物性蛋白的氨基酸缺乏，添加的复合维生素和复合矿物质补充维生素和矿物质的不足，添加的免疫增强剂可显著提高红螯螯虾的免疫力、抗病力和抗环境胁迫能力，添加的诱食剂可显著提高饲料的适口性，添加的复合酶提高对植物蛋白源的利用率、分解植物蛋白源的抗营养因子。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，其特征在于，以质量分数计，包括以下组分：
    豆粕14～23％，花生麸8～11％，玉米蛋白粉6～10％，菜粕5～9％，乌贼粉5～10％，血粉4～8％，虾壳粉4～7％，啤酒酵母3～6％，蚯蚓粉1～3％，蔗糖3～6％，玉米淀粉6～9％，高筋面粉6～9％，氯化钠0.1～0.2％，复合维生素1.0～2.0％，复合矿物质0.5～1.5％，氯化胆碱0.5～1.5％，磷酸二氢钙1.0～2.0％，赖氨酸0.2～0.6％，蛋氨酸0.2～0.8％，羧甲基纤维素钠0.9～1.95％，免疫增强剂1.0～2.0％，诱食剂1.0～3.0％，复合酶0.05～0.1％，大豆油2.0～3.0％，花生油2.0～3.0％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，其特征在于，每100g所述复合维生素中含有12000IU维生素A，5000IU维生素D，2000IU维生素E，10000mg维生素C多聚磷酸酯，100mg维生素B1，600mg维生素B2，400mg维生素B6，0.2mg维生素B12，150mg维生素K，25mg叶酸，4mg生物素，8000mg肌醇，700mg泛酸钙，1500mg烟酸，余量为玉米芯粉。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，其特征在于，每100g所述复合矿物质中含有2193.0mg ZnSO 4·7H 2O，37.6mg Na 2SeO 3，392.2mg CuSO 4·5H 2O，4975.1mg FeSO 4·7H 2O，1538.5mg MnSO 4·H 2O，211.0mg CoSO 4·7H 2O，20.3mg Ca(IO 3) 2·7H 2O，余量为贝壳粉。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，其特征在于，每100g所述免疫增强剂含有35g海洋红酵母粉，20g海洋小球藻粉，15g马尾藻多糖，15g光合细菌菌粉，10g海藻酸钠和5g昆布粉。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，其特征在于，每100g所述诱食剂含有10g甘氨酸，5g丙氨酸，15g谷氨酸钠，40gDMPT，30g鱼腥草。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，其特征在于，每100g所述复合酶含有纤维素酶30g、中性蛋白酶35g、植酸酶15g、甘露聚糖酶10g、木聚糖酶10g。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料，其特征在于，所述 红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料中粗蛋白的质量含量为29～33％，粗脂肪的质量分数为5～8％。
  8. 一种权利要求1～7任一项所述红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    将豆粕、花生麸、玉米蛋白粉、菜粕、乌贼粉、血粉、虾壳粉、啤酒酵母、蚯蚓粉和蔗糖粉碎，混合，得到预混料1；
    将玉米淀粉、高筋面粉和复合酶混合，得到预混料2；
    将氯化钠、复合维生素、复合矿物质、氯化胆碱、磷酸二氢钙、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、羧甲基纤维素钠、免疫增强剂和诱食剂粉碎后混合，得到预混料3；
    将预混料1、预混料2和预混料3混合，得到固体预混料；
    将大豆油和花生油与所述固体预混料混合，搅拌均匀，再加入占饲料总质量15～30％的水，搅拌均匀，压制，干燥后得到红螯螯虾无鱼粉配合饲料。
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