CN113317113A - Method for improving seedless sunlight rose grape yield - Google Patents
Method for improving seedless sunlight rose grape yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN113317113A CN113317113A CN202110725404.7A CN202110725404A CN113317113A CN 113317113 A CN113317113 A CN 113317113A CN 202110725404 A CN202110725404 A CN 202110725404A CN 113317113 A CN113317113 A CN 113317113A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the yield of seedless sunshine muscat, which comprises the following steps: (1) shaping the flower spike; (2) seedless flower ear fruit retention treatment; the seedless fruit-protecting treatment comprises soaking 20-25mg/L of gibberellic acid 20% and 2-2.5mg/L of forchlorfenuron 0.1%; (3) performing fruit ear expansion treatment; the fruit cluster is expanded by soaking 20 to 25mg/L of 20 percent gibberellic acid and 2.5 to 3.75mg/L of 0.1 percent forchlorfenuron; (4) after the ear fixing is finished, fruit grain thinning is carried out in time; (5) after the fruit thinning is finished, spraying pesticides in time, and sleeving a special bag for grapes; (6) and (4) harvesting after the grapes are ripe. According to the invention, the ear soaking agent is changed in the ear expansion stage, and gibberellic acid in the prior art is replaced by a combined preparation of gibberellic acid and forchlorfenuron, so that the acre yield of the grapes is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a grape planting method, and particularly relates to a method for improving the yield of seedless sunshine muscat.
Background
The fruit setting of the sunshine muscat is unstable, which easily causes the unstable yield of the grapes; after fruit setting, the yield and the size of fruit clusters are not strictly controlled, so that poor fruit grain expansion is easily caused, and the quality of grape fruits is reduced. Chinese patent (CN2016108529281) provides a seedless treatment method of sunshine rose grapes, and fruit setting rate and grape yield are improved. However, with the increase of planting time, the yield of the existing sunshine muscat needs to be further increased, and in addition, more reasonable prevention and control means for plant diseases and insect pests in the grape planting process are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the yield of seedless sunshine muscat, and the yield of grapes is further improved on the basis of realizing the planting of the seedless sunshine muscat.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a method for improving the yield of seedless sunshine muscat, which comprises the following steps:
(1) shaping the spica from 3-5 days before flowering to just flowering, leaving 3-4 cm of spica tip, and cutting off other small stalks of the spica;
(2) when the flower ears all bloom, seedless fruit retention treatment is carried out on the flower ears, fruit setting phenomenon is generated 5-7 days after the fruit retention treatment, ear fixing is carried out after fruit setting, one ear with uniform fruit setting, consistent fruit grain size and good ear type is reserved for each new tip growing in the middle, and the rest ears are removed; the seedless fruit-protecting treatment comprises soaking 20-25mg/L of gibberellic acid 20% and 2-2.5mg/L of forchlorfenuron 0.1%;
(3) after the fruit preservation treatment, the fruit ears are expanded at intervals of 10-15 days; the fruit cluster is expanded by soaking 20 to 25mg/L of 20 percent gibberellic acid and 2.5 to 3.75mg/L of 0.1 percent forchlorfenuron;
(4) after the ear fixing is finished, fruit grain thinning is carried out in time;
(5) after the fruit thinning is finished, spraying pesticides in time, and sleeving a special bag for grapes;
(6) and (4) harvesting after the grapes are ripe.
Preferably, in the step (5), the spraying pesticide is an azole ether-flutolanil suspending agent, a tebuconazole suspending agent and an imazalil aqueous emulsion.
Preferably, the amount of the azole ether-fluoroamide suspension is 2000 times that of 42% of the azole ether-fluoroamide suspension.
Preferably, the dosage of the tebuconazole suspending agent is 2500 times of that of 43 percent tebuconazole suspending agent.
Preferably, the dosage of the imazalil aqueous emulsion is 1500 times of that of 22% of the imazalil aqueous emulsion.
Preferably, in the step (4), the fruit thinning is carried out by uniformly reserving 45-55 fruit grains on the cob with the tip of the fruit cluster of 7-9 cm.
Preferably, in the step (6), after the grapes are harvested after ripening, the grape branches are trimmed in winter, and then the grape branches are trimmed with short tips of one or two buds left.
Preferably, in the step (5), the weight of the fruit cluster is 600-900 g.
In the present invention, "%" is a mass% unless otherwise specified.
Has the advantages that: (1) according to the invention, the ear soaking agent is changed in the ear expanding stage, gibberellic acid in the prior art is replaced by a combined preparation of gibberellic acid and forchlorfenuron, so that the yield of grapes per mu is increased, the yield per mu is about 3000-4000 jin, and the yield per mu is increased by more than 1 time; (2) the invention changes the existing prevention and control mode of the sunshine muscat, avoids the generation of drug resistance in the grape planting process and realizes more reasonable medication.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a method for improving the yield of seedless sunlight rose grapes comprises the following steps:
(1) shaping the flower spike from 3 days before flowering to just flowering, leaving 3 cm of flower spike tip, and cutting off other small stalks of the flower spike;
(2) when the grape spike tip is treated within 2-3 days after the last cap of the grape spike is pushed open, because the flowering time of the grape spike is inconsistent, in order to ensure the fruit setting quality and avoid the yield reduction of the dead fruit, the grape spike is treated in 2-3 batches, the grape spike is soaked with 20mg/L gibberellic acid 20% and 2mg/L forchlorfenuron 0.1% to carry out seedless fruit preservation treatment, the fruit setting phenomenon is generated 5 days after the fruit preservation treatment, the spike is fixed after the fruit setting, one spike is uniformly kept for each new tip growing in the middle, the fruit setting is uniform, the sizes of the fruit grains are consistent, the types of the fruit spikes are good, and the rest of the fruit spikes are removed; after the fruit retention treatment, 20 percent gibberellic acid of 25mg/L and 0.1 percent forchlorfenuron of 2mg/L are soaked in the fruit ears at an interval of 12-15 days for swelling treatment;
(3) after the ear fixing is finished, fruit grains are timely thinned, 45 fruit grains are uniformly left on a cob 7 cm away from the front end of the ear, and the weight of the ear is 630 g.
(4) After the fruit thinning is finished, spraying low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticides of 42 percent of azolyl ether, 2000 times of liquid of flutolanil suspending agent, 2500 times of liquid of 43 percent of tebuconazole suspending agent and 1500 times of liquid of 22 percent of imazalil aqueous emulsion in time, and sleeving a special bag for grapes;
(5) and (4) harvesting after the grapes are ripe.
(6) When pruning is carried out in winter, one or two buds of the bearing mother branches are remained for pruning. The planting means not mentioned in the present invention is disclosed in patent application No. 2016108529281.
Example 2: a method for improving the yield of seedless sunlight rose grapes comprises the following steps:
(1) shaping the spica from 5 days before flowering to just flowering, leaving 3.5 cm of spica tip, and cutting off other small stalks of the spica;
(2) when the grape spike tip is treated within 2-3 days after the last cap of the grape spike is pushed open, because the flowering time of the grape spike is inconsistent, in order to ensure the fruit setting quality and avoid the yield reduction of the dead fruit, the grape spike is treated in 2-3 batches, the grape spike is soaked with 20mg/L gibberellic acid 20% and 2.5mg/L forchlorfenuron 0.1% to carry out seedless fruit preservation treatment, the fruit setting phenomenon is generated 7 days after the fruit preservation treatment, the spike is fixed after the fruit setting, one spike of fresh shoots in each growth is uniformly reserved, the fruit setting is uniform, the sizes of the fruit grains are consistent, the types of the fruit spikes are good, and the rest of the fruit spikes are removed; after the fruit retention treatment, 20 percent gibberellic acid of 25mg/L and 0.1 percent forchlorfenuron of 2.5mg/L are soaked in the fruit ears at an interval of 12-15 days for expansion treatment;
(3) after the ear fixing is finished, fruit grains are timely thinned, 50 fruit grains are uniformly left on a cob 8 cm away from the front end of the fruit cluster, and the weight of the fruit cluster is 750 g.
(4) After the fruit thinning is finished, spraying low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticides of 42 percent of azolyl ether, 2000 times of liquid of flutolanil suspending agent, 2500 times of liquid of 43 percent of tebuconazole suspending agent and 1500 times of liquid of 22 percent of imazalil aqueous emulsion in time, and sleeving a special bag for grapes;
(5) and (4) harvesting after the grapes are ripe.
(6) When pruning is carried out in winter, one or two buds of the bearing mother branches are remained for pruning.
Example 3: a method for improving the yield of seedless sunlight rose grapes comprises the following steps:
(1) shaping the flower spike from 4 days before flowering to just flowering, leaving 4 cm of flower spike tip, and cutting off other small stalks of the flower spike;
(2) when the grape spike tip is treated within 2-3 days after the last cap of the grape spike is pushed open, because the flowering time of the grape spike is inconsistent, in order to ensure the fruit setting quality and avoid the yield reduction of the dead fruit, the grape spike is treated in 2-3 batches, the grape spike is soaked with 20mg/L gibberellic acid 20% and 2.5mg/L forchlorfenuron 0.1% to carry out seedless fruit preservation treatment, the fruit setting phenomenon is generated 6 days after the fruit preservation treatment, the spike is fixed after the fruit setting, one spike of fresh shoots in each growth is kept to be uniform in fruit setting, the sizes of the fruit grains are consistent, the types of the fruit spikes are good, and the rest of fruit spikes are removed; after the fruit retention treatment, 20 percent gibberellic acid of 25mg/L and 0.1 percent forchlorfenuron of 3.75mg/L are soaked in the fruit ears at an interval of 12-15 days for expansion treatment;
(3) after the ear fixing is finished, fruit grains are timely thinned, 55 fruit grains are uniformly left on a 9 cm ear shaft at the front end of the fruit cluster, and the weight of the fruit cluster is 880 g.
(4) After the fruit thinning is finished, spraying low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticides of 42 percent of azolyl ether, 2000 times of liquid of flutolanil suspending agent, 2500 times of liquid of 43 percent of tebuconazole suspending agent and 1500 times of liquid of 22 percent of imazalil aqueous emulsion in time, and sleeving a special bag for grapes;
(5) and (4) harvesting after the grapes are ripe.
(6) When pruning is carried out in winter, one or two buds of the bearing mother branches are remained for pruning.
The indexes of the sunshine rose grapes cultivated by the method are detected, the indexes comprise the appearance of the fruit cluster, the grain number, the single grain weight and the grape yield per mu, and the detection results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example: the cultivation method of seedless sunshine rose grapes in the prior art comprises the following steps:
1. in the prior art, before flowering, when the flower spike is shaped, the flower spike tip is not reserved, but only the flower spike tip and the flower spike secondary spike are cut off, and the flower spike is long, so that the appearance of the mature fruit spike is loose, and the appearance quality of the grape cannot be ensured; the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the flower spike is shaped from 3-5 days before the flower is bloomed to the beginning of the flower blooming, the head tip of the flower spike is left to be 3-4 cm, other small stems of the flower spike are cut off, the appearance of the flower spike is neat and compact, and the appearance quality of the grape is ensured.
2. In the prior art, fruit retention measures are not adopted, so that the fruit setting rate is low, the grain number of each cluster is inconsistent, the cluster size is inconsistent and irregular, and the yield of grapes cannot be ensured; when the flower ears completely bloom, the seedless fruit preservation treatment is carried out on the flower ears by soaking 20-25mg/L of 20% gibberellic acid and 2-2.5mg/L of 0.1% forchlorfenuron, and the fruit ears by soaking 20-25mg/L of 20% gibberellic acid and 2.5-3.75mg/L of 0.1% forchlorfenuron are subjected to swelling treatment at intervals of 10-15 days, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, and the yield of grapes is ensured;
3. the method has the advantages that the fruit grains are thinned, the length of the front end of the fruit cluster is strictly controlled to be 7-9 cm of the cob, the quantity of the fruit grains is strictly controlled, 45-55 fruit grains are uniformly remained, and the appearance quality and the internal quality of the grapes are further improved; in the prior art, the tip of the flower spike is not reserved and fruit retention measures are not taken when the flower spike is shaped, so that the method cannot be realized.
TABLE 1 detection of various indices of rose grapes from sunlight
| Detecting items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example |
| Shape of mature fruit ear | Neat and compact | Neat and compact | Neat and compact | Irregular and loose |
| Number of grains per ear | 60 granules | 70 granules | 80 granules | 40 granules |
| Number of fruit left | 45 | 50 | 55 | 30 |
| Weight per unit | 14 g | 15 g | 16 g | 10 g |
| Per mu yield of grape | 1575 kg | 1875 kg of | 2200 kg | 750 kg |
As can be seen from Table 1, the sunshine muscadine cultivated in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention has regular and compact appearance of mature cluster compared with the comparative example, which ensures the appearance quality of grape, and the contrast is irregular and loose; the grain number of each ear is improved by 2-3 times compared with the proportion; the single particle weight is improved by 4-6 g compared with the comparative example; the yield per mu is improved by more than 1 time compared with the proportion.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the yield of seedless sun rose grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) shaping the spica from 3-5 days before flowering to just flowering, leaving 3-4 cm of spica tip, and cutting off other small stalks of the spica;
(2) when the flower ears all bloom, seedless fruit retention treatment is carried out on the flower ears, fruit setting phenomenon is generated 5-7 days after the fruit retention treatment, ear fixing is carried out after fruit setting, one ear with uniform fruit setting, consistent fruit grain size and good ear type is reserved for each new tip growing in the middle, and the rest ears are removed; the seedless fruit-protecting treatment comprises soaking 20-25mg/L of gibberellic acid 20% and 2-2.5mg/L of forchlorfenuron 0.1%;
(3) after the fruit preservation treatment, the fruit ears are expanded at intervals of 12-15 days; the fruit cluster is expanded by soaking 20 to 25mg/L of 20 percent gibberellic acid and 2.5 to 3.75mg/L of 0.1 percent forchlorfenuron;
(4) after the ear fixing is finished, fruit grain thinning is carried out in time;
(5) after the fruit thinning is finished, spraying pesticides in time, and sleeving a special bag for grapes;
(6) and (4) harvesting after the grapes are ripe.
2. The method for increasing the yield of seedless sun muscadine according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), said spray pesticides are carfentrazone-ethyl flutolanil suspension, tebuconazole suspension and imazalil emulsion in water.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the amount of azoleth-fluoroamide suspension is about 2000 times that of 42% azoleth-fluoroamide suspension.
4. The method for increasing the yield of rose grapes with no core sun according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the tebuconazole suspending agent is 2500 times that of the 43% tebuconazole suspending agent.
5. The method for increasing the yield of seedless sun rose grapes according to claim 4, wherein the imazalil aqueous emulsion is used in an amount of 1500 times that of 22% imazalil aqueous emulsion.
6. The method for increasing the yield of seedless sun rose grapes according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the fruit thinning is carried out until 45-55 fruit grains are uniformly reserved on the cob with the length of 7-9 cm from the front end of the fruit cluster.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), after the grapes are harvested after ripening, and the grapes are pruned in winter, so that the resulting mother branches are pruned with one or two short shoots.
8. The method for increasing the yield of seedless sun rose grapes according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the weight of the ears is 600-900 g.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN113973609A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-28 | 句容市葡之梦果业有限公司 | Seedless treatment method for romantic red-face grapes |
| CN114027055A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-02-11 | 聊城大学 | Management method for thinning and shaping grape fruits |
| CN114532137A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-05-27 | 广东省农业科学院设施农业研究所 | Method suitable for seedless cultivation of Wenke grapes in Guangdong region |
| CN114586563A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-07 | 河南省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Method for protecting fruit before flowering and expanding after flowering of sunshine rose grape |
| CN114586564A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-07 | 河南省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Method for fruit retention and expansion of sunshine rose grapes |
| CN114651661A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-24 | 四川瑞象农业科技发展有限公司 | High-quality cultivation technology for sunshine roses |
| CN116114717A (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2023-05-16 | 四川省新兰月生物科技有限公司 | Composition for improving yield and quality of rose in sunlight and preparation method thereof |
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