CN110786175A - Novel seedless treatment method for sunshine muscat - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N39/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing aryloxy- or arylthio-aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds, containing the group or, e.g. phenoxyethylamine, phenylthio-acetonitrile, phenoxyacetone
- A01N39/02—Aryloxy-carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
- A01N39/04—Aryloxy-acetic acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
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- A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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Abstract
A new seedless treatment method of sunshine muscat comprises the following steps: during the period from the beginning of blooming of the rose grape to the blooming of 30 percent of the total inflorescence number, spraying all inflorescences for 1 time or dipping all inflorescences for 1 time by using a rose seedless agent I, wherein the rose seedless agent I is an aqueous solution containing 85 percent 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder of 5.0-10.0mg/L and liquid detergent of 300-500 mg/L. On the 10 th day, the inflorescence which does not bloom is sprayed with the sunless rose grape seedless agent II for 1 time or dipped for 1 time, and the sunless rose grape seedless agent II is an aqueous solution containing 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder of 5.0mg/L to 7.5mg/L, forchlorfenuron of 1.0mg/L and liquid detergent of 300mg/L to 500 mg/L. The method can achieve the effect of comprehensive anucleation, and has extremely simple operation and outstanding effect.
Description
The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation.
Background
The method is characterized in that sunshine Muscat (Shine-musccat) is the hottest grape variety in China in recent years, but the price of the variety is higher due to high requirements on cultivation technology, the sunshine Muscat has serious virosis, drought-resistant arbor grafting cultivation and large-water-fertilizer cultivation are required, otherwise, the variety grows badly, the yield is low, even the cultivation fails, according to the investigation of poplar control elements of grape specialists in the academicians of the province of the sea-source county, the success rate of national sunshine Muscat cutting seedlings cultivation is only about 20%, the treatment technologies of non-nucleation treatment agents such as streptomycin sulfate, gibberellin and the like which are popularized at present are compared, ear-by-ear marking and batch processing are required according to flowering conditions of inflorescences, at present, the commonly popularized sunshine Muscat non-core cultivation technology is that trimming is carried out 10-15 days before the flowering of ① is carried out, each inflorescence is kept to have a length of 4-5 cm, so that the buds of single inflorescences can be neatly put into a rosewood in 2-3 days, the soil when the blossoming is carried out, the blossoming of blossoming grape can be carried out by using sulfuric acid, the soil of blossoming grape can be carried out, the soil of the soil, the soil of the soil.
The simplest fool-proof technology is used in the cultivation to overcome the two problems of low success rate of cultivating self-rooted seedlings and complex non-nucleation technology, and the problems to be solved by vast sunshine rose cultivators and agricultural science and technology staff are urgently needed. At present, for the first problem of enhancing the growth vigor and the yield of plants, a solution is found by selecting drought-resistant vigorous rootstock grafted seedlings such as Pistan 1, Pistan 2, DMK3 and the like which are bred by hybridizing wild downy grapes serving as parents and have better vigor than Huajia 8, resisting rootstock 3, resisting rootstock 3309M and the like. For the second problems of complicated seedless treatment process of the sunshine muscat, need of multiple treatments with medicaments and high labor cost, the new seedless treatment method of the sunshine muscat is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel, simple and efficient seedless treatment method for sunshine muscat, which aims to solve the technical problems that when streptomycin sulfate or gibberellin is utilized in current seedless production of sunshine muscat, spike-by-spike marking is carried out according to the condition that inflorescences are full or not blossomed or partially blossomed, only full-blossomed inflorescences are dipped and treated for multiple times in batches, the operation process is complicated, and labor force is wasted greatly, so that the production cost is high.
The novel seedless treatment method of the sunshine muscat provided by the invention comprises the steps of spraying all inflorescences for 1 time or dipping all inflorescences for 1 time by using a sunshine muscat seedless agent I during the period from the beginning of blooming of the sunshine muscat in the initial blooming period to the blooming of 30% of the total inflorescences, wherein the dosage of the sunshine muscat seedless agent I is 20-30 kg/mu when the spraying is carried out, the sunshine muscat seedless agent I is dipped for 2-3 seconds per spike when the dipping is carried out, and the sunshine muscat seedless agent I is an aqueous solution containing 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder 5.0-10.0mg/L and detergent 300 mg/L-500 mg/L.
Further, on the 10 th day after 1-time spraying of all inflorescences or dipping of all inflorescences by using the sunshine rose seedless agent I, the inflorescences which do not bloom are subjected to 1-time additional spraying or 1-time additional dipping by using the sunshine rose seedless agent II, the dosage of the sunshine rose seedless agent II is 5-10 kg/mu, during the additional spraying, each spike is dipped for 2-3 seconds, and the sunshine rose seedless agent II is an aqueous solution containing 85% of 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder 5.0-7.5 mg/L + forchlorfenuron 1.0mg/L + liquid detergent 300 mg/L-500 mg/L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the sunshine rose grape is the most popular cultivation variety at present in China, the simplest non-nucleation treatment technology is not available at present, streptomycin sulfate, gibberellic acid and forchlorfenuron are used for treatment in production, the phenomena of spike hardening and particle size are very prominent, the non-nucleation effect of the gibberellic acid and the forchlorfenuron treatment is not ideal, large and small particles are easy to appear, the streptomycin sulfate treatment needs to be marked, the batch treatment is carried out aiming at full-flowering inflorescences, the treatment frequency is large, the working procedures are complicated, the flower and fruit dropping are difficult to control, and the number of thinning ears is large.
Since the flowering of the rose grapes is not one time but gradually, divided in batches, the present invention proposes to use 85% 2,4-D sodium salt in the optimum use concentration range (5.0-10.0mg/L) of the seedless treatment of the rose grapes and accurately informs that the harmful concentration is more than 12.5mg/L, and proposes the optimum seedless treatment time on the rose grapes, i.e., the period from the beginning of flowering to 30% of the total inflorescence number in the initial flowering period. The method of the invention is that whether the inflorescence is large or blossoming or not, the inflorescence is full or partially separated or not, and the method does not need to be treated separately, as long as within the period from the initial flowering stage to 30% of the total inflorescence flowering, the one-time application of the pesticide almost 100% realizes the seedless effect, the flowering degree of the inflorescence can not be seen with ears, even if a small amount of inflorescence with late flowering due to cultivation and other reasons exists, the pesticide is supplemented for the inflorescence which does not bloom yet on the 10 th day after the one-time pesticide application, the 100% seedless effect of the sunshine muscat can be achieved, namely the method of the invention can achieve the 100% seedless effect by the maximum two-time application of the pesticide, if the inflorescence is large and the ears are too large, the inflorescence does not need to be pruned before the application of the seedless pesticide, the conventional cultivation management of the sunshine muscat can be achieved according to the sunshine muscat least 1.0mg/L of the conventional mixed liquor of forchlorfending 1.0mg/L of the clopidogrel for fruit, and the mixed liquor for preserving the fruit The control of gray mold, spike brown blight and powdery mildew is noticed before and after fruit swelling and flowering, and the management of water and fertilizer, the management of young shoots and the like are enhanced.
As described in the background art, the flower inflorescence must be specially trimmed once before the pesticide application in the prior art, so that the flower buds of a single inflorescence can be fully opened within 2-3 days, the crown and the inflorescence are sprayed with 200mg/L streptomycin sulfate for 1 time within one week before the flower blooms, after the flower blooms are fully opened, the flower inflorescences which are fully opened are respectively treated, the fully opened flower inflorescences are marked and subjected to pesticide application for 6-10 batches or more at intervals, the flower inflorescences which are not fully opened are subjected to batch waiting until the flower inflorescences are fully opened and then subjected to pesticide application, compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of greatly simplified process, simple operation, less pesticide application times, greatly reduced required labor force, one-time treatment of all the flower inflorescences in the initial flowering period, and changes the former 'fine and fussy technology' which utilizes gibberellic acid and streptomycin sulfate to be anucleation into 'foolish technology', the method is simple, effective and very strong, after simple training, the method can be mastered by general people, is easy to popularize and apply, greatly reduces the labor cost and the drug cost, can achieve 100 percent of seedless effect of the sunshine muscadine by applying the drug once under general conditions and applying the drug for 2 times at most, has thorough seedless effect, no thickening of cob and stalk, few thinning-pulling ears, avoids the occurrence of dead fruit, large and small grains, cob hardening, deformity and the like, simplifies the seedless treatment technology, improves the seedless treatment effect and ensures good commodity, thereby producing unexpected technical effect, improving the cultivation benefit and realizing labor-saving cultivation.
According to the invention, 85% of 2,4-D sodium salt is used for carrying out seedless treatment, flower and fruit dropping are not obvious within 10 days, and then management is carried out according to a conventional method, for example, after 1.0mg/L of forchlorfenuron is used for flower and fruit retention for 1-2 times, rare pull clusters are few; and when streptomycin sulfate is used for anucleation treatment, the seedless treatment cannot be realized after more than 2 days (48 hours after flowering) and gibberellin is used for treating more than 3 days (72 hours after flowering), pollinated young fruits cannot be subjected to anucleation, and the flowers and fruits must be continuously preserved in batches within 3-4 days after the agent anucleation treatment, so that the production time arrangement is tense, and if the flowers and fruits are not preserved in time, the flowers fall and the fruits fall seriously, and the thinning ears are easy to appear.
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FIG. 1: when the sunless rose seedless agent I is applied to all inflorescences, the seedless effect of the agent is also applied to inflorescences which do not bloom in the inflorescences. FIG. 1 illustrates: the method of the present invention has excellent non-coring effect and needs no pesticide application until the inflorescence flowers completely.
FIG. 2: the prior art has the effect of treating the inflorescence which is not full of flowers by gibberellin with the concentration of more than 10.0 mg/L. FIG. 2 illustrates: in the prior art, the treatment of inflorescences which are not full of flowers with gibberellin with the concentration of more than 10.0mg/L can cause the hardening of spike-stalks and the size of the spike-stalks, and the side effect is very obvious.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of the method of the present invention on treating large inflorescences without nucleation. FIG. 3 illustrates: the method has the advantages of complete non-coring effect, few thinning ears and good commodity no matter whether the inflorescence is big or small and the flowering is neat or not. However, the traditional method is not thorough in seedless treatment, large and small grains and rigid fruits are easy to appear, and thinning clusters are easy to appear when flowers and fruits are not kept in time.
Here, it should be further noted that: the central part of the seedless (seedless) fruit of the sunshine muscat will dent, while the central part of the seedless (seedy) fruit will not dent. Therefore, the shape of the fruit can be used for judging whether the fruit has seeds or not.
Detailed Description
The following test is not specifically described as a conventional cultivation method of solar rose grapes.
Under the conventional cultivation method of the sunshine muscat, the invention discovers the seedless phenomenon of 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder 5.0-10.0mg/L + liquid detergent 300-500mg/L water-soluble solution (namely sunshine muscat seedless agent I) to the sunshine muscat in the early test of 2018 spring, 2 sets of seedless tests are carried out in the initial flowering phase of the sunshine muscat cultivated in a greenhouse of Ministry, Yunnan province on the same day of 2 and 16 in 2019, days from the day of pesticide application are marked one by one (no mark is needed in actual production) to verify the test effect, and the seedless effects of different concentrations are investigated in 29 days of 3 and 29 days of 2019 and 3 days of 6 and 3 in 2019 (Table 1, continued Table 1, Table 2 and Table 2). The specific operation is as follows:
the preparation method of the solution comprises the following steps:
85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder, 0.1% forchlorfenuron soluble solution (the forchlorfenuron solution can be purchased directly from a pesticide store or on the net, or the forchlorfenuron raw powder can be dissolved and prepared by absolute ethyl alcohol), and the liquid detergent is all sold on the market.
1. Preparation of sunshine rose grape seedless agent I: taking a preparation method of an aqueous solution containing 10.0mg/L of 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder and 300mg/L of a detergent solution as an example, 10.0mg of 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder and 300mg of the detergent solution are respectively weighed and dissolved in a proper amount of water, and then the volume is fixed to 1L by using the water. The preparation method of the seedless agent I of other sunshine muscat with different contents is similar.
2. Preparing a sunshine rose seedless agent II: the formula is 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder 7.5mg/L, forchlorfenuron 1.0mg/L and liquid detergent 300mg/L, 7.5mg of 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder and liquid detergent 300mg are weighed and dissolved in a proper amount of water, 1.0ml of 0.1% forchlorfenuron soluble solution is poured in, and the volume is fixed to 1L by water. The preparation method of other seedless agents II with different contents of the sunshine muscadine is similar to the preparation method of 1.0mg/L forchlorfenuron mentioned below.
The first set of tests:
when 37.50% of inflorescences in the total inflorescences of the early flowering period of the sunshine muscat in 2019, 16 months, all the inflorescences are dipped for 1 time by using an aqueous solution containing 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder and 300mg/L of liquid detergent in the table 1 with different concentrations, each spike is dipped for 2-3 seconds, 1.0mg/L of forchlorfenuron and 300mg/L of liquid detergent are sprayed on the fruits in 26 months 2 in 2019 for flower protection and fruit protection, and because the seedless effect can be really realized when the fruits are observed from the outside of the fruits in 29 months 3 in 2019, the seedless effect can be obviously investigated in 29 months 3 in 2019.
Before the treatment of the anucleation test, the flowering days of each inflorescence at the first application day of 2019, 2 and 16 days (predicted) were marked by a black marker pen, and detailed records were sequentially recorded at the investigation of 2019, 3 and 29 days.
The germination and inflorescence of the test group are regular, and the second non-nucleation treatment is not carried out because the non-nucleation effect of the solution is only applied once.
TABLE 1 statistical table of test results of the first group
TABLE 1 statistical table of the first set of test results
The test results of table 1 and table 1 below show that: when 37.50 percent of the inflorescences in the total inflorescences in the initial flowering period bloom, all the inflorescences are dipped for 1 time by the method, and each spike is dipped for 2-3 seconds, so that a very good seedless effect is achieved, namely, the inflorescence dipped by 5.0 to 12.5mg/L of 85 percent 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder and 300mg/L of liquid detergent water solution, the 100% seedless of the fruit grains are realized, but the seedless rate of the inflorescences dipped by the 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder 2.5mg/L and the liquid detergent 300mg/L is slightly worse, the seedless rate is 94.50%, in the test, we also find that 8.60% of the inflorescences treated by the 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder 12.5mg/L and the liquid detergent 300mg/L have slight phytotoxicity, therefore, the technical proposal only writes 5.0 mg/L-10.0 mg/L. And on 26 days in 2019, 2 months and 26 days, 1 time of 1.0mg/L of forchlorfenuron and 300mg/L of liquid detergent are sprayed on all inflorescences subjected to the first non-nucleation treatment to preserve flowers and fruits (the preparation method of the forchlorfenuron 1.0mg/L liquid is that 0.1 percent of forchlorfenuron with the content of 1.0ml is added with water to be constant volume to 1L).
Before the anucleation treatment, the number of flowering days of each inflorescence from the day of first application of the drug on 2-16 days in 2019 was marked by a black marker pen, and the anucleation effect was investigated and recorded on 29 days in 3-29 months in 2019.
The second set of tests:
when 24.94 percent of inflorescences in the total inflorescences in the initial flowering period of the sunshine muscadine at the 2 nd 16 th year 2019 bloom stage are used for flowering, 85 percent of 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder and 300mg/L of liquid detergent in the table 2 with different concentrations are sprayed for all inflorescences for 1 time, when the water solution is sprayed, the using amount of the water solution is 25 kg/mu, and when the water solution is sprayed for 26 th year 2 and 26 th year 2019, 1 time of forchlorfenuron is sprayed for all inflorescences subjected to the first seedless treatment, the 1.0mg/L of the forchlorfenuron is sprayed (the preparation method is the same as the method), 300mg/L of the liquid detergent is sprayed for flower retention and fruit retention, on the same day, the water solution (namely sunshine muscadine seedless agent II) containing 85 percent of 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder, 7.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L of the forchlorfenuron and 300mg/L of the liquid detergent is sprayed for inflorescences which do not bloom yet, and marked.
Before the non-nucleation treatment, the flowering days of each inflorescence on the day of application of the pesticide for 2, 16 days in 2019 are marked by using a black marker pen, and the non-nucleation effect is investigated and recorded before harvesting after 6, 3 days in 2019. The second group of tests did not find any phytotoxicity during the test period.
TABLE 2 statistical table of test results of the second group
TABLE 2 statistical table of the second group of test results
The statistics of the test results of table 2 and table 2 show that: when 24.94% of inflorescences in the total inflorescences in the initial flowering period bloom, the method achieves a very good seedless effect, namely the seedless effect of the inflorescences sprayed with the water solution of 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder 5.0-12.5 mg/L + liquid detergent 300mg/L is very good, and the inflorescences which do not bloom on the 10 th day after application are treated once with 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder 5.0 mg/L-7.5 mg/L + forchlorfenuron 1.0mg/L + liquid detergent 300mg/L (namely the suncured rose seedless agent II), so that 100% seedless of fruit grains are achieved. The anucleation rate of the inflorescence sprayed by 2.5mg/L of 85 percent 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder and 300mg/L of liquid detergent is 96.10 percent.
Finally, it is to be noted that: as the 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder is sensitive to some crops, the inflorescence is preferably sprayed in calm weather during spraying treatment, and the spraying on young tips and young leaves of new tips is avoided as much as possible so as to prevent the young tips and young leaves from deforming. Meanwhile, the seedless treatment of the sunshine muscat is in the range of 5.0-10.0mg/L, 85% of 2,4-D sodium salt is preferably used at a lower concentration when the temperature is high, and is preferably used at a higher concentration when the temperature is low. The spray treatment is generally carried out when inflorescences are lengthened, seedless treatment, flower and fruit retention and fruit expansion are carried out, but some vineyards are also dipped. The main advantage of spray treatment is labor saving, but if inflorescences and ears are not sufficiently sprayed with water, the effects of seedless and swollen fruits are also impaired, and therefore, careful attention is required from the applicator. The effect of the seedless and fruit swelling of the dipped inflorescences is good, but the labor force is wasted, about 0.5 mu per working day is dipped, about 3.0 mu per working day is sprayed, and the work efficiency is improved by 6 times. The addition of the liquid detergent can obviously improve the adhesive force and the spreadability of the agent.
Claims (2)
1. A new seedless treatment method of sunshine muscat is characterized in that: during the period from the beginning of blooming of the sunshine rose grape to the blooming of 30% of the total inflorescence number, spraying all inflorescences for 1 time or dipping all inflorescences for 1 time by using the sunshine rose grape seedless agent I, wherein the dosage of the sunshine rose grape seedless agent I is 20-30 kg/mu when the sunshine rose grape seedless agent I is sprayed, the sunshine rose seedless agent I is dipped for 2-3 seconds per spike when the sunshine rose grape seedless agent I is dipped, and the sunshine rose seedless agent I is an aqueous solution containing 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder 5.0-10.0mg/L and detergent 300-500 mg/L.
2. The novel seedless treatment method of solar muscadine according to claim 1, characterized by: and on the 10 th day after spraying all inflorescences for 1 time or dipping all the inflorescences for 1 time, additionally spraying 1 time or additionally dipping 1 time with a sunshine rose seedless agent II for 10 kg/mu of inflorescences which do not bloom, wherein the dosage of the sunshine rose seedless agent II is 5-10 kg/mu, each spike is dipped for 2-3 seconds during additional dipping, and the sunshine rose seedless agent II is an aqueous solution containing 85% 2,4-D sodium salt wettable powder 5.0-7.5 mg/L, forchlorfenuron 1.0mg/L and liquid detergent 300 mg/L-500 mg/L.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111387191A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-07-10 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Novel flower and fruit retention agent for summer black grapes |
| CN114651661A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-24 | 四川瑞象农业科技发展有限公司 | High-quality cultivation technology for sunshine roses |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111387191A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-07-10 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Novel flower and fruit retention agent for summer black grapes |
| CN114651661A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-24 | 四川瑞象农业科技发展有限公司 | High-quality cultivation technology for sunshine roses |
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Application publication date: 20200214 |