CN114532137A - Method suitable for seedless cultivation of Wenke grapes in Guangdong region - Google Patents

Method suitable for seedless cultivation of Wenke grapes in Guangdong region Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114532137A
CN114532137A CN202210315358.8A CN202210315358A CN114532137A CN 114532137 A CN114532137 A CN 114532137A CN 202210315358 A CN202210315358 A CN 202210315358A CN 114532137 A CN114532137 A CN 114532137A
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China
Prior art keywords
fruit
fruits
seedless
inflorescence
clusters
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CN202210315358.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谢玉明
聂俊
聂松青
张长远
李艳红
郑锦荣
杨鑫
史亮亮
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Institute of Facility Agriculture Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science
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Institute of Facility Agriculture Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/02Cultivation of hops or vines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method suitable for seedless cultivation of Wenke grapes in Guangdong region, wherein 3mg/L GA is sprayed 15 days (the length of a flower spike is 6-8 cm) before flowering in an inflorescence separation period3Lengthening inflorescences, thinning ears in batches about 7 days before flowering; selecting proper temperature at full-bloom stage by adopting 12.5mg/L GA3Spraying inflorescence to perform seedless fruit retention treatment of fruits at an interval of 12-15 days, and then adopting 12.5mg/LGA3And 5mg/L CPPU are combined and sprayed to fruit clusters for fruit expansion treatment; after the flower and fruit dropping are stable, thinning and trimming the fruit cluster, thinning and removing diseased, dense and undersized fruit clusters, and reserving 60-70 fruit clusters per cluster, wherein the fruit clusters are preferably kept not to be mutually extruded; and (3) pouring a balanced water-soluble fertilizer in the fruit expansion period, and pouring a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer when the fruits are colored. The combination of proper growth regulator and fertilizer water can make the seedless rate of fruit higher, and the fruit quality is good, its treatment operation is convenient, and it can save labour。

Description

Method suitable for seedless cultivation of Wenke grapes in Guangdong region
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method suitable for seedless cultivation of a Wenke grape in Guangdong region.
Background
Grapes are important deciduous fruit trees and have been cultivated mainly in the north before. With the wide popularization and application of facility cultivation and related supporting technologies, in recent years, grapes are cultivated more and more widely in south China, and the grapes become one of important fruits in south China, such as Guangdong, Guangxi and the like.
Wenke (Wink) is a hybrid of diploid Eurasian grapes. The variety has good planting performance in Guangdong area, regular sprouts and better flower bud differentiation, is suitable for facility cultivation and can produce stably in successive years; the fruit peel is deep red and purple at maturity, the soluble solid can reach about 20.0Brix degrees, the pulp taste is hard, the storage and transportation are resistant, the comprehensive character is excellent, particularly, the flower bud differentiation is easy, and the method is suitable for carrying out cultivation regulation and control of two harvests in one year in Guangdong areas. However, the lukka grape is a diploid variety, the fruit has seeds, the natural fruit setting rate is extremely high, the fruit cluster is compact, the problems of extrusion among fruit grains, uneven size, fruit cracking in the mature period and the like are easy to occur, and the commodity value of the fruit is influenced.
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to develop a method for seedless cultivation of the Wenke grapes in the Guangdong area, which comprises the seedless treatment period of the Wenke grapes and the type and concentration of a growth regulator, so that the purposes of lengthening the Wenke fruit cluster, reducing the manual fruit thinning work and improving the seedless rate and the commodity of the fruits are achieved, and technical support is provided for popularization and application in the Guangdong area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method suitable for seedless cultivation of a Wenke grape in the Guangdong region aiming at the defects of the prior art. The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical means.
A method suitable for seedless cultivation of Wenke grapes in the Guangdong region comprises the following steps:
spraying 3.0mg/L GA when the inflorescence separation period is 15 days before flowering and the length of the flower spike is 6-8 cm3Growth regulators were used to elongate inflorescences and to trim inflorescences starting 7 days before flowering in batches.
Adopting 12.5mg/L GA from full-bloom stage to 2 days after flower withering3Spraying inflorescence to perform seedless fruit retention treatment on fruits, and adopting 12.5mg/L GA after 12-15 days of interval35.0mg/L CPPU is mixed and sprayed on fruit clusters for fruit expansion treatment, the temperature in the shed is lower than 28 ℃ during fruit retention and seedless treatment, and the ratio of the CPPU to the seedless treatment is 18: after 00 o' clock, the operation is not carried out in the time period of high sunlight intensity and air temperature or in rainy days and humid days;
after flower and fruit dropping are stable, the fruit clusters are subjected to comprehensive fruit thinning work, about 60-70 fruits are left in each cluster, and small fruits, malformed fruits and inner-layer fruit grains are cut off;
and (3) applying a balanced water-soluble fertilizer in the fruit expansion period, applying a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer after coloring the fruits, and performing pest control.
Preferably, GA is sprayed in the inflorescence separation period3The concentration of (2) is 3mg/L, and inflorescence trimming is carried out about 7 days before flowering.
Preferably, the step of trimming the inflorescence further comprises: 1-2 spikelets which affect the spike shape and the shoulder of the spike are cut off, so that 1-2 inflorescences are reserved on each vigorous fruiting branch, 1 inflorescence is reserved on the medium branches, no inflorescence is reserved on the weak tips, 14-16 branches and stalks are reserved at the tail end of each inflorescence, and the tail end of each inflorescence is reserved by 5-6 cm.
Preferably, the seedless treatment is selected from the full-bloom stage to the evening period with a temperature of less than 28 ℃ 2 days after the thanks of the flowers.
Preferably, the overall fruit thinning work is carried out on the fruit cluster, and specifically comprises the following steps: after physiological fruit dropping, 1-2 branches and stalks on the shoulders of the fruit clusters are cut off, small-sized fruits, malformed fruits and inner-layer fruit grains are removed, 60-70 fruits are left on each cluster, and the 1-time azoxystrobin and azoleth-flutolanil bactericide are sprayed after fruit removal.
Preferably, the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 2 times in the fruit expanding period, each time is about 5.0kg per mu, and the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 2 times after the fruits are colored, each time is about 5.0kg per mu.
Preferably, the quality analysis is carried out in the mature period of the fruit, and specifically comprises the following steps: measuring the appearance properties of the fruits, such as the weight of fruit clusters, the weight of single fruit grains, the length of fruit clusters, the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter of the fruit grains by using an electronic balance, a ruler and a vernier caliper; determining the soluble solid content of the fruits by adopting a handheld sugar meter; randomly selecting 100 fruit grains from the fruits to be detected, and respectively calculating the percentage of the fruits containing 0 to 3 seeds to determine the seedless rate of the fruits.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a method suitable for seedless cultivation of a Wenke grape in Guangdong region, wherein 3.0mg/L GA3 is sprayed on an inflorescence in an inflorescence separation period to elongate the inflorescence, and the GA with the concentration of 12.5mg/L is adopted from a full-bloom period to 2 days after flowering3Spraying inflorescence to treat seedless fruit, and adopting GA with concentration of 12.5mg/L within 12-15 days of seedless treatment35mg/L CPPU is mixed and sprayed on fruit clusters to carry out fruit expansion treatment, so that the seedless rate of the fruits can be higher through the mutual cooperation of the spraying of a proper growth regulator and a proper concentration, the fruits have good quality, the treatment operation is convenient, and the labor and the time are saved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to better explain the technical scheme, the technical scheme related to the technical terms in the industry is explained as follows:
gibberellic acids, i.e. Gibberellin acid3, GA3(ii) a Chi Bao gibberellic acid powder (active ingredient is GA) produced by Mega Hualun bioscience3Content 20%).
Forchlorfenuron, CPPU; gorgon brand forchlorfenuron (effective concentration 0.1%) produced by goodbut schott optician limited.
The method suitable for the seedless cultivation of the Wenke grapes in the Guangdong region comprises the following steps:
as the lukeke naturally-growing inflorescences are short and small, the growing of fruit grains is tight, and the fruit thinning procedure is increased, 3.0mg/L GA is sprayed on the inflorescences 15 days before the blooming and when the flower spikes are 6-8 cm long3The inflorescence is elongated to achieve better effect. And the inflorescences are trimmed in batches starting about 7 days before flowering, 1-2 inflorescences are reserved for each vigorous bearing branch, 1 inflorescence is reserved for a medium-sized branch, no inflorescence is reserved for a weak tip, about 14-16 branches and stalks are reserved at the tail end of the inflorescences, and 5-6 cm is reserved at the tail end of the inflorescences to ensure that the inflorescences accord with growth expectation.
Selecting 12.5mg/L GA during late afternoon when the temperature is less than 28 deg.C from full bloom stage to 2 days after flower withering3Spraying inflorescences to perform seedless fruit preservation treatment on fruits. GA3The plant hormone which is favorable for promoting cell division and elongation can play a role in inducing the seedless growth of the grapes, but the GA is used3At low concentration, the formation of female flowers of early inflorescence can be promoted, and at high concentration, the development of flowers is obviously retarded, so that GA3The concentration of (2) is not preferably too high or too low, as high as 12.5mg/L of GA3The effect of performing the coreless treatment is better. To enhance the effect of nuclear-free induction and reduce GA3The side effects of cob twist, ovary stiffness and fruit stalk lignification caused by the conventional method can be seen in GA3Adding some auxiliary agents, such as Streptomycin (SM), forchlorfenuron (CPPU), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and the like. Preferably, the suitable time of the air temperature in the full-bloom stage is the evening period with the temperature less than 28 ℃.
After a predetermined number of days, preferably 12 to 15 days, and then 12.5mg/LGA3Spraying 5mg/L CPPU to fruit ears for fruit expansion treatment, keeping fruit temperature in the shed to be less than 28 ℃ during seedless treatment, and selecting the treatment at 18:00 point and not in the time period with high sunlight intensity and air temperature or in rainy days or humid days. CPPU and TDZ are cytokinin growth regulators, and the combination of the CPPU and the TDZ can greatly improve the fruit setting rate and promote fruit expansion.
And after flower and fruit dropping are stable, carrying out comprehensive fruit thinning work on clusters, reserving about 60-70 fruits per cluster, and cutting small fruits, malformed fruits and inner-layer fruit grains. In the mode of twice treatment, the first treatment aims at seedless fruits and has the function of fruit preservation, and the second treatment aims at expanding seedless fruits and is beneficial to ensuring the excellent quality of the fruits.
And then carrying out comprehensive fruit thinning work on the fruit ears. After physiological fruit dropping, 1-2 branches and stalks on the shoulders of the fruit clusters are cut off, small-sized fruits, malformed fruits and inner-layer fruit grains are removed, 60-70 fruits are left on each cluster, and the 1-time azoxystrobin and azoleth-flutolanil bactericide are sprayed after fruit removal.
And (3) pouring and applying the balanced water-soluble fertilizer for 2 times in the fruit expansion period, wherein each time is about 5.0kg per mu, pouring and applying the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer for 2 times after the fruits are colored, and each time is about 5.0kg per mu, and performing pest control.
In addition, in order to carry out quality analysis in the fruit mature period, the method specifically comprises the steps of measuring the sizes of the appearance characters of the fruits, such as the weight of fruit clusters, the weight of single fruit grains, the length of fruit clusters, the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter, by using an electronic balance, a ruler and a vernier caliper; determining the soluble solid content of the fruits by adopting a handheld sugar meter; selecting 100 fruit grains from the fruits to be detected, and calculating the percentage of the fruits containing 0 to 3 seeds respectively to determine the seedless rate of the fruits.
The present invention has been further described with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications made to the above-described embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this specification are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method suitable for seedless cultivation of Wenke grapes in Guangdong region is characterized by comprising the following steps:
spraying 3mg/L GA to inflorescence 15 days before flowering and 6-8 cm long of inflorescence spike in inflorescence separation period3The inflorescences were elongated and trimmed in batches starting 7 days before flowering;
adopting 12.5mg/L GA from full-bloom stage to 2 days after flower withering3Spraying inflorescencePerforming seedless fruit retention treatment on fruits, and adopting 12.5mg/L GA after 12-15 days of interval3Mixing 5.0mg/L CPPU, spraying fruit clusters, performing fruit expansion treatment, keeping fruit and seedless treatment at a temperature of less than 28 ℃ in the greenhouse, and selecting a time period which is 18:00 and is not in a time period with high sunlight intensity and air temperature or rainy and humid days;
after the flower and fruit drop are stable, the fruit clusters are subjected to comprehensive fruit thinning work, 60-70 fruits are left in each cluster, and small fruits, malformed fruits and inner-layer fruit grains are cut off;
and (3) applying a balanced water-soluble fertilizer in the fruit expansion period, applying a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer after coloring the fruits, and performing pest control.
2. The method for the seedless cultivation of Vitis vinifera Linne in Guangdong area as claimed in claim 1, wherein GA is sprayed during the inflorescence separation period3Was 3mg/L and was subjected to inflorescence trimming 7 days before flowering.
3. The method for the seedless cultivation of Vitis vinifera Linne in Guangdong area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of trimming the inflorescences further comprises: 1-2 spikelets influencing the spike shape and the shoulder of the spike are cut off, 1-2 inflorescences are reserved on each vigorous fruiting branch, 1 inflorescence is reserved on the medium branches, no inflorescence is reserved on the weak tips, 14-16 branches and stalks are reserved at the tail end of the inflorescences, and 5-6 cm is reserved at the tail end of the inflorescences.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedless treatment is selected from the late afternoon period from the full bloom stage to 2 days after the thanks of the blossom, when the temperature is less than 28 ℃.
5. The method for seedless cultivation of grapes, which are suitable for the Guangdong area, of Wenke grapes according to claim 1, wherein the comprehensive fruit grain thinning work is carried out on clusters, and specifically comprises the following steps: after physiological fruit dropping, 1-2 branches and stalks on the shoulders of the fruit clusters are cut off, small-sized fruits, malformed fruits and inner-layer fruit grains are removed, 60-70 fruits are left on each cluster, and the 1-time azoxystrobin and azoleth-flutolanil bactericide are sprayed after fruit removal.
6. The method for the seedless cultivation of the Wenke grapes in the Guangdong area according to claim 1, wherein the balanced water soluble fertilizer is applied for 2 times in the fruit expanding period, and each time, 5.0kg per mu; after coloring the fruits, the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 2 times, 5.0kg per mu each time.
7. The method for the seedless cultivation of the grapes under wenke in the Guangdong province according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps of performing quality analysis in the fruit mature period: measuring the appearance properties of the fruits, such as the weight of fruit clusters, the weight of single fruit grains, the length of fruit clusters, the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter of the fruit grains by using an electronic balance, a ruler and a vernier caliper; determining the soluble solid content of the fruits by adopting a handheld sugar meter; randomly selecting 100 fruit grains from the fruits to be detected, and respectively calculating the percentage of the fruits containing 0 to 3 seeds to determine the seedless rate of the fruits.
CN202210315358.8A 2022-03-28 2022-03-28 Method suitable for seedless cultivation of Wenke grapes in Guangdong region Pending CN114532137A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103828682A (en) * 2014-02-21 2014-06-04 沈金跃 Big seedless grape cultivation method
CN104396683A (en) * 2014-12-12 2015-03-11 苏州青青生态种植园 Sunlight greenhouse planting technology of seedless grape
CN105475063A (en) * 2014-10-08 2016-04-13 肖卷忠 Seedless cultivation method for Wink
CN105746293A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-07-13 广西特色作物研究院 Flower and fruit thinning method for grape
CN110720346A (en) * 2019-07-03 2020-01-24 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 Treatment method for expanding and hardening flame seedless grape fruit grains
CN113317113A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-08-31 句容市七彩玉葡萄科技有限公司 Method for improving seedless sunlight rose grape yield

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103828682A (en) * 2014-02-21 2014-06-04 沈金跃 Big seedless grape cultivation method
CN105475063A (en) * 2014-10-08 2016-04-13 肖卷忠 Seedless cultivation method for Wink
CN104396683A (en) * 2014-12-12 2015-03-11 苏州青青生态种植园 Sunlight greenhouse planting technology of seedless grape
CN105746293A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-07-13 广西特色作物研究院 Flower and fruit thinning method for grape
CN110720346A (en) * 2019-07-03 2020-01-24 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 Treatment method for expanding and hardening flame seedless grape fruit grains
CN113317113A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-08-31 句容市七彩玉葡萄科技有限公司 Method for improving seedless sunlight rose grape yield

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Title
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