CN113229096A - Method suitable for afforestation and greening of high-altitude towns - Google Patents
Method suitable for afforestation and greening of high-altitude towns Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0225—Wind breakers, i.e. devices providing lateral protection of the plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/06—Uprooting or pulling up trees; Extracting or eliminating stumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of afforestation and greening, in particular to a method suitable for afforestation and greening in high-altitude towns. The method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting suitable tree species, preparing soil balls of seedling root systems, arranging square planting pits, changing soil and planting the planting pits, spraying antifreeze, arranging windproof and cold-proof facilities and daily managing to realize afforestation and greening of high-altitude towns. The method has high afforestation survival rate which can reach more than 85 percent; the nutrient solution is added into the antifreeze solution used by the method, so that necessary nutrition guarantee can be provided for the nursery stock, and the survival rate is improved; the method adopts windproof and cold-proof facilities such as laying mulching films, building protective frames and laying windbreak, and the survival rate of forestation in high-altitude cold areas is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of afforestation and greening, in particular to a method suitable for afforestation and greening in high-altitude towns.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the step of urbanization construction is also gradually accelerated, and people hope to have a good ecological space. The climate in the high-altitude area is cold, the illumination is strong, the days of strong wind are more, the growth period of the plants is short, the plants are easily restricted by factors such as high altitude, climate conditions and tree species scarcity, and most of the trees are scarcity landscapes; therefore, in order to meet the requirements of environmental construction, greening, protection functions and the like and break through the key technology of afforestation and greening in high-altitude towns, the applicant develops two major planting and maintenance technologies of 'regulation and control of environmental factors such as wind resistance, heat preservation, moisture retention and the like' and 'regulation of nutrition to promote stable growth of trees' based on earlier-stage research results and specific through research of screening, breeding and configuration modes of suitable trees and shrubs in high-altitude towns, and further researches a method suitable for afforestation and greening in high-altitude towns.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a method suitable for afforestation in high-altitude towns.
The invention discloses a method suitable for afforestation of high-altitude towns, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, selecting suitable tree species: selecting high-altitude town greening appropriate-growing seedlings with height of 1.5-2.5 m, no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage;
step 2, preparation of seedling root system soil balls:
s1, determining soil balls: before transplanting, the root system of the seedling is provided with soil balls, and the diameter of the soil balls is 10-25 times of the breast diameter or the ground diameter of the seedling;
s2, digging soil balls: before digging, enclosing a tree crown by a straw rope, then shoveling away floating soil with the thickness of 10cm around a trunk until a side thin root is seen, then drawing 1 circle by taking the trunk as a center according to the size of 3-5 cm larger than the specified soil ball diameter, ditching outwards along the circle, wherein the ditch width is 20-40 cm, the depth is based on the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball, removing diseased roots, dead roots and longer hair roots, and cutting off the roots with the diameter larger than 1cm by using pruning shears;
s3, finishing the soil balls: when the soil ball is dug to reach the radius of the soil ball, the soil ball is trimmed while being dug, the surface of the soil ball is flattened to ensure that the soil ball is large at the upper part and small at the lower part and smooth at the shoulder part, and the soil ball gradually shrinks inwards when half of the soil ball is trimmed downwards from the shoulder part until the specified soil ball diameter is the standard;
s4, packaging the soil balls: after the soil balls are trimmed, immediately packaging the soil balls by using grass ropes, firstly winding the grass ropes for 1 circle at the nearest part of a nursery stock trunk to the ground and knotting, then uniformly winding the grass ropes at the circumference of the soil balls in the direction perpendicular to the outward direction of the trunk, horizontally winding the grass ropes for 3-5 circles, knotting the rope ends at roots and stems, wherein the binding density of the soil balls is determined according to the soil quality and the volume of the soil balls, and less soil with soft texture is wound; the larger volume of the soil ball is wound with a plurality of straw ropes;
step 3, arranging the square planting pits: according to the size of the transplanted tree seedling, digging a square planting pit with the side length being 30-50 cm longer than the soil ball diameter of the transplanted seedling and the depth being 20-30 cm higher than the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball in the planting field, wherein the pit distance is 1.0-1.5 times of the height of the transplanted seedling, when digging the planting pit, firstly, stacking surface soil above the pit, stacking raw soil around the pit, arranging a square ridge with the side length being 10-20 cm longer than the side length of the planting pit and the height being 30-50 cm around the pit, and then covering the surface soil above the ridge; another scheme for arranging the square planting holes is that rectangular holes with the length of 2m, the width of 1m and the depth of 30-40 cm are dug in a planting field, the distance between every two adjacent holes is 1.0-1.5 times of the height of a transplanting seedling, surface soil is firstly stacked above the holes when the planting holes are dug, raw soil is stacked around the holes, rectangular soil ridges with the length and width ratios exceeding 10-20 cm and the height of 30-50 cm are arranged around the holes, and then the surface soil is covered above the soil ridges;
step 4, planting holes, soil changing and transplanting: backfilling appropriate mature soil in the planting pit to 1/2 parts of the pit, and then placing the seedlings in the pit; backfilling the suitable-for-life mellow soil mixed with the cow and sheep manure powder again, leveling the edges of the pit, compacting, continuously backfilling until the distance between the soil and the edges of the pit is 10-20 cm, and leveling a backfill soil layer; watering, and preparing subsequent work, wherein soil subsidence appears after watering, and when the nursery stock inclines, the nursery stock should be righted and filled with soil in time;
step 5, spraying antifreeze: uniformly spraying the antifreezing solution on the seedling tree trunk, wherein the antifreezing solution is sprayed on the position of the seedling tree trunk, which is contacted with the surface soil, for a plurality of times;
step 6, arranging wind-proof and cold-proof facilities: paving a mulching film on the surface soil of the transplanted nursery stock, and meanwhile, stabilizing the tree body by adopting a regular triangular pile, wherein the supporting points are from bottom to top to 2/3 th higher part of the tree body of the nursery stock; before winter, a protective frame is set up at a position 30cm away from the farthest branch head of the nursery stock, the protective frame covers a windbreak from the end of 10 months in the current year to the end of 4 months in the next year, and the protective frame is removed from the end of 4 months in the next year;
step 7, daily management: 1 month after afforestation, loosening the soil and weeding, and weeding for 1 time every 1 month; watering for 1 time every 5-8 days within 1 month of afforestation, wherein each time of watering is carried out to ensure that the infiltration is ensured; watering for 1 time every 1-2 months later to ensure that the water can permeate; and observing the plant diseases and insect pests in real time after the seedlings grow new branches and trunks, and preventing and treating the diseases and the insect pests.
Further, the afforestation suitable nursery stock in the high-altitude towns in the step 1 is Sichuan clove, Sichuan spruce, Qilian juniper, Qinghai spruce, Tibet willow and black currant.
Further, in the step 4, the cow and sheep manure powder is obtained by crushing cow and sheep manure in the peripheral pasturing area, and the addition amount of the cow and sheep manure powder is 1/5 of the added appropriate mature soil; the suitable mature soil is mature soil which is 10-30 cm below the ground surface of the surrounding alpine meadow.
Furthermore, the seedling transplanting in the step 4 is provided with a stumping step at the later stage of the planting, and the branches with weak current growth or lignification are cut off at the early stage of the planting.
Preferably, the nursery stock in the stumping step is Sichuan clove and black currant, and the transplanting density is 40-60 mounds per planting pit.
Further, the antifreezing solution sprayed in the step 5 is a commercially available tree antifreezing solution, and a nutrient solution is added into the antifreezing solution, wherein the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 20-30% of the antifreezing solution, and the nutrient solution contains: 4.5 percent of phosphorus element, 3.5 percent of potassium element, 1 percent of nitrogen element, 0.5 percent of sodium element, 0.2 percent of copper element, 0.1 percent of iron element, 0.05 percent of manganese element, 0.1 percent of zinc element and 0.05 percent of molybdenum element.
Further, in the step 6, the mulching film is laid to be non-woven fabric; the protective frame is a vertical tripod constructed by bamboo boards or round wood bars, the height of the protective frame is 0.5-1 m higher than that of the carried nursery stock, and the size of the protective frame is adjusted timely according to the growth condition of the nursery stock; the wind barrier is non-woven fabric.
Furthermore, the watering amount of each planting pit hole in the step 7 is different according to the carried planting seedling seeds, but cannot exceed the edge of the square planting pit hole.
Further, in the step 7 of daily management, watering is carried out by using a sprinkler or a drainage hose.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method has high afforestation survival rate which can reach more than 85 percent;
(2) the nutrient solution is added into the antifreeze solution used by the method, so that necessary nutrition guarantee can be provided for the nursery stock, and the survival rate is improved;
(3) the method adopts windproof and cold-proof facilities such as laying mulching films, building protective frames and laying windbreak, and the survival rate of forestation in high-altitude cold areas is ensured.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method suitable for afforestation of high-altitude towns comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, selecting suitable tree species: selecting seedlings of Sichuan spruce and Qinghai spruce which are 2.5m high, have no plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage and are suitable for greening and growing in high-altitude towns;
step 2, preparation of seedling root system soil balls:
s1, determining soil balls: the root systems of the suitable seedlings of Sichuan spruce and Qinghai spruce are provided with soil balls before transplanting, and the breast diameter balance of the seedlings of Sichuan spruce and Qinghai spruce is 1.7-2.4 cm; the diameter of the soil ball is 25 times of the diameter at breast height of the nursery stock;
s2, digging soil balls: before digging, enclosing a tree crown by a straw rope, then shoveling away floating soil with the thickness of 10cm around a trunk until a side thin root is seen, then drawing 1 circle by taking the trunk as a center according to the size of 4cm larger than the specified soil ball diameter, and ditching outwards along the circle, wherein the ditch width is 30cm, the depth is based on the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball, and removing diseased roots, dead roots and longer hair roots, and the roots with the diameter larger than 1cm are cut off by pruning shears;
s3, finishing the soil balls: when the soil ball is dug to reach the radius of the soil ball, the soil ball is trimmed while being dug, the surface of the soil ball is flattened to ensure that the soil ball is large at the upper part and small at the lower part and smooth at the shoulder part, and the soil ball gradually shrinks inwards when half of the soil ball is trimmed downwards from the shoulder part until the specified soil ball diameter is the standard;
s4, packaging the soil balls: after the soil balls are trimmed, immediately packaging the soil balls by using grass ropes, firstly winding the grass ropes for 1 circle at the nearest part of a nursery stock trunk to the ground and knotting, then uniformly winding the grass ropes at the circumference of the soil balls in the direction perpendicular to the outward direction of the trunk, horizontally winding the grass ropes for 3-5 circles, knotting the rope ends at roots and stems, wherein the binding density of the soil balls is determined according to the soil quality and the volume of the soil balls, and less soil with soft texture is wound; the larger volume of the soil ball is wound with a plurality of straw ropes;
step 3, arranging the square planting pits: according to the size of the transplanted tree seedling, digging a square planting pit with the side length being 40cm longer than the diameter of the soil ball of the transplanted seedling and the depth being 25cm higher than the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball at a pit distance of 1.2 times of the height of the transplanted seedling on the planting ground, firstly stacking top soil above the pit when digging the planting pit, stacking raw soil around the pit, arranging a square ridge with the side length being 15cm longer than the side length of the planting pit and the height being 40cm around the pit, and then covering the top soil above the ridge;
step 4, planting holes, soil changing and transplanting: backfilling appropriate mature soil in the planting pit to 1/2 parts of the pit, and then placing the seedlings in the pit; backfilling the suitable-for-life mellow soil mixed with the cow and sheep manure powder again, leveling the edges of the pit, compacting, continuously backfilling until the distance between the soil and the edges of the pit is 10-20 cm, and leveling a backfill soil layer; watering, and preparing subsequent work, wherein soil subsidence appears after watering, and when the nursery stock inclines, the nursery stock should be righted and filled with soil in time;
step 5, spraying antifreeze: uniformly spraying the antifreezing solution on the seedling tree trunk, wherein the antifreezing solution is sprayed on the position of the seedling tree trunk, which is contacted with the surface soil, for a plurality of times;
step 6, arranging wind-proof and cold-proof facilities: paving a mulching film on the surface soil of the transplanted nursery stock, and meanwhile, stabilizing the tree body by adopting a regular triangular pile, wherein the supporting points are from bottom to top to 2/3 th higher part of the tree body of the nursery stock; before winter, a protective frame is set up at a position 30cm away from the farthest branch of the nursery stock, the protective frame covers the windbreak from the end of 10 months in the current year to the end of 4 months in the next year, and the protective frame is dismantled at the end of 4 months in the next year;
step 7, daily management: 1 month after afforestation, loosening the soil and weeding, and weeding for 1 time every 1 month; watering for 1 time every 5-8 days within 1 month of afforestation, wherein each time of watering is carried out to ensure that the infiltration is ensured; watering for 1 time every 1-2 months later to ensure that the water can permeate; and observing the plant diseases and insect pests in real time after the seedlings grow new branches and trunks, and preventing and treating the diseases and the insect pests.
Optimally, in the step 4, the cow and sheep manure powder is obtained by crushing cow and sheep manure in the peripheral pasturing area, and the addition amount of the cow and sheep manure powder is 1/5 of the added suitable soil; the suitable mature soil is mature soil which is 10-30 cm below the ground surface of the surrounding alpine meadow.
Optimally, the antifreezing solution sprayed in the step 5 is a commercially available tree antifreezing solution, and a nutrient solution is added into the antifreezing solution, wherein the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 20-30% of that of the antifreezing solution, and the nutrient solution contains: 4.5 percent of phosphorus element, 3.5 percent of potassium element, 1 percent of nitrogen element, 0.5 percent of sodium element, 0.2 percent of copper element, 0.1 percent of iron element, 0.05 percent of manganese element, 0.1 percent of zinc element and 0.05 percent of molybdenum element.
Optimally, the mulching film is laid in the step 6 to be non-woven fabric; the protective frame is a vertical tripod constructed by bamboo boards or round wood bars, the height of the protective frame is 0.5-1 m higher than that of the carried nursery stock, and the size of the protective frame is adjusted timely according to the growth condition of the nursery stock; the wind barrier is non-woven fabric.
Optimally, the watering amount of each planting pit hole in the step 7 is different according to different carried seedling seeds, but cannot exceed the edge of the square planting pit hole; watering adopts a watering cart or a drainage hose.
The experimental plot is selected from the national primary school of Dari county of Congo county of Qinghai province, 360 picea asperata plants and 500 picea asperata seedlings are transplanted by the method, and the survival rate of picea asperata is 93% after one year of planting; the survival rate of the spruce in the Qinghai province is 92 percent.
Example 2
A method suitable for afforestation of high-altitude towns comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, selecting suitable tree species: selecting a Sichuan clove and black currant seedling which is 1.5m high, 3-5 branches high, free of plant diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage and suitable for greening and growing in a high-altitude town;
step 2, preparation of seedling root system soil balls:
s1, determining soil balls: the root system of the seedling of the Sichuan clove and the black currant is provided with a soil ball before transplanting, and the diameter of the soil ball is 10 times of the ground diameter of the seedling of the Tibetan willow and the black currant;
s2, digging soil balls: before digging, enclosing a tree crown by a straw rope, then shoveling away floating soil with the thickness of 10cm around a trunk until a side thin root is seen, then drawing 1 circle by taking the trunk as a center according to the size of 3cm larger than the specified soil ball diameter, and ditching outwards along the circle, wherein the ditch width is 20cm, the depth is based on the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball, and removing diseased roots, dead roots and longer hair roots, and the roots with the diameter larger than 1cm are cut off by pruning shears;
s3, finishing the soil balls: when the soil ball is dug to reach the radius of the soil ball, the soil ball is trimmed while being dug, the surface of the soil ball is flattened to ensure that the soil ball is large at the upper part and small at the lower part and smooth at the shoulder part, and the soil ball gradually shrinks inwards when half of the soil ball is trimmed downwards from the shoulder part until the specified soil ball diameter is the standard;
s4, packaging the soil balls: after the soil balls are trimmed, immediately packaging the soil balls by using grass ropes, firstly winding the grass ropes for 1 circle at the nearest part of a nursery stock trunk to the ground and knotting, then uniformly winding the grass ropes at the circumference of the soil balls in the direction perpendicular to the outward direction of the trunk, horizontally winding the grass ropes for 3-5 circles, knotting the rope ends at roots and stems, wherein the binding density of the soil balls is determined according to the soil quality and the volume of the soil balls, and less soil with soft texture is wound; the larger volume of the soil ball is wound with a plurality of straw ropes;
step 3, arranging the square planting pits: digging rectangular pit holes with the length of 2m, the width of 1m and the depth of 30-40 cm in a planting field, wherein the pit distance is 1.0-1.5 times of the height of a transplanting seedling, when the planting pit holes are dug, firstly, stacking surface soil above the pit holes, stacking raw soil around the pit holes, arranging rectangular soil ridges with the length and width ratios exceeding 10-20 cm and the height of 30-50 cm around the pit holes, and then covering the surface soil above the soil ridges;
step 4, planting holes, soil changing and transplanting: backfilling appropriate soil in the planting pit to 1/2 parts of the pit, placing the seedlings in the planting pit, wherein the transplanting density of each planting pit is 40-60 piers, backfilling the appropriate soil mixed with cow and sheep manure powder to be leveled with the edge of the pit, compacting, continuously backfilling until the distance between the appropriate soil and the edge of the pit is 10-20 cm, and leveling a backfill soil layer; watering, and preparing subsequent work, wherein soil subsidence appears after watering, and when the nursery stock inclines, the nursery stock should be righted and filled with soil in time; wherein, there is a stumping step in the later stage of planting, and the branches with weak current year or lignification are cut off in the early stage of planting.
Step 5, spraying antifreeze: uniformly spraying the antifreezing solution on the seedling tree trunk, wherein the antifreezing solution is sprayed on the position of the seedling tree trunk, which is contacted with the surface soil, for a plurality of times;
step 6, arranging wind-proof and cold-proof facilities: paving a mulching film on the surface soil of the transplanted nursery stock, and meanwhile, stabilizing the tree body by adopting a regular triangular pile, wherein the supporting points are from bottom to top to 2/3 th higher part of the tree body of the nursery stock; before winter, a protective frame is set up at a position 30cm away from the farthest branch of the nursery stock, the protective frame covers the windbreak from the end of 10 months in the current year to the end of 4 months in the next year, and the protective frame is dismantled at the end of 4 months in the next year;
step 7, daily management: 1 month after afforestation, loosening the soil and weeding, and weeding for 1 time every 1 month; watering for 1 time every 5-8 days within 1 month of afforestation, wherein each time of watering is carried out to ensure that the infiltration is ensured; watering for 1 time every 1-2 months later to ensure that the water can permeate; and observing the plant diseases and insect pests in real time after the seedlings grow new branches and trunks, and preventing and treating the diseases and the insect pests.
Optimally, in the step 4, the cow and sheep manure powder is obtained by crushing cow and sheep manure in the peripheral pasturing area, and the addition amount of the cow and sheep manure powder is 1/5 of the added suitable soil; the suitable mature soil is mature soil which is 10-30 cm below the ground surface of the surrounding alpine meadow.
Optimally, the antifreezing solution sprayed in the step 5 is a commercially available tree antifreezing solution, and a nutrient solution is added into the antifreezing solution, wherein the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 20-30% of that of the antifreezing solution, and the nutrient solution contains: 4.5 percent of phosphorus element, 3.5 percent of potassium element, 1 percent of nitrogen element, 0.5 percent of sodium element, 0.2 percent of copper element, 0.1 percent of iron element, 0.05 percent of manganese element, 0.1 percent of zinc element and 0.05 percent of molybdenum element.
Optimally, the mulching film is laid in the step 6 to be non-woven fabric; the protective frame is a vertical tripod constructed by bamboo boards or round wood bars, the height of the protective frame is 0.5-1 m higher than that of the carried nursery stock, and the size of the protective frame is adjusted timely according to the growth condition of the nursery stock; the wind barrier is non-woven fabric.
Optimally, the watering amount of each planting pit hole in the step 7 is different according to different carried seedling seeds, but cannot exceed the edge of the square planting pit hole; watering adopts a watering cart or a drainage hose.
Selecting a primary school of national county, Dari county, of Congo Tibetan, Qinghai province in a test field, transplanting 1800 Sichuan clove plants and 1000 black currant seedlings by using the method, and statistically finding that the survival rate of the Sichuan clove is 95% after planting for one year; the survival rate of the black currant is 96 percent.
Example 3
A method suitable for afforestation of high-altitude towns comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, selecting suitable tree species: selecting Sabina przewalskii nursery stock which is 1.5m high, has no plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage and is suitable for greening and growing in high-altitude towns;
step 2, preparation of seedling root system soil balls:
s1, determining soil balls: before transplanting, the root system of the seedling is provided with a soil ball, and the diameter of the soil ball is 15 times of the breast diameter of the seedling;
s2, digging soil balls: before digging, enclosing a tree crown by a straw rope, then shoveling away floating soil with the thickness of 10cm around a trunk until a side thin root is seen, then drawing 1 circle by taking the trunk as a center according to the size 5cm larger than the specified soil ball diameter, and ditching outwards along the circle, wherein the ditch is 40cm wide, the depth is based on the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball, and removing diseased roots, dead roots and longer hair roots, and the roots with the diameter larger than 1cm are cut off by pruning shears;
s3, finishing the soil balls: when the soil ball is dug to reach the radius of the soil ball, the soil ball is trimmed while being dug, the surface of the soil ball is flattened to ensure that the soil ball is large at the upper part and small at the lower part and smooth at the shoulder part, and the soil ball gradually shrinks inwards when half of the soil ball is trimmed downwards from the shoulder part until the specified soil ball diameter is the standard;
s4, packaging the soil balls: after the soil balls are trimmed, immediately packaging the soil balls by using grass ropes, firstly winding the grass ropes for 1 circle at the nearest part of a nursery stock trunk to the ground and knotting, then uniformly winding the grass ropes at the circumference of the soil balls in the direction perpendicular to the outward direction of the trunk, horizontally winding the grass ropes for 3-5 circles, knotting the rope ends at roots and stems, wherein the binding density of the soil balls is determined according to the soil quality and the volume of the soil balls, and less soil with soft texture is wound; the larger volume of the soil ball is wound with a plurality of straw ropes;
step 3, arranging the square planting pits: according to the size of the transplanted tree seedling, digging a square planting pit with the side length 50cm longer than the diameter of the soil ball of the transplanted seedling and the depth 30cm higher than the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball in the planting field, wherein the pit distance is 1.5 times of the height of the transplanted seedling, when digging the planting pit, firstly, stacking surface soil above the pit, stacking raw soil around the pit, arranging a square ridge with the side length 20cm longer than the side length of the planting pit and the height of 50cm around the pit, and then covering the surface soil above the ridge;
step 4, planting holes, soil changing and transplanting: backfilling appropriate mature soil in the planting pit to 1/2 parts of the pit, and then placing the seedlings in the pit; backfilling the suitable-for-life mellow soil mixed with the cow and sheep manure powder again, leveling the edges of the pit, compacting, continuously backfilling until the distance between the soil and the edges of the pit is 10-20 cm, and leveling a backfill soil layer; watering, and preparing subsequent work, wherein soil subsidence appears after watering, and when the nursery stock inclines, the nursery stock should be righted and filled with soil in time;
step 5, spraying antifreeze: uniformly spraying the antifreezing solution on the seedling tree trunk, wherein the antifreezing solution is sprayed on the position of the seedling tree trunk, which is contacted with the surface soil, for a plurality of times;
step 6, arranging wind-proof and cold-proof facilities: paving a mulching film on the surface soil of the transplanted nursery stock, and meanwhile, stabilizing the tree body by adopting a regular triangular pile, wherein the supporting points are from bottom to top to 2/3 th higher part of the tree body of the nursery stock; before winter, a protective frame is set up at a position 30cm away from the farthest branch of the nursery stock, the protective frame covers the windbreak from the end of 10 months in the current year to the end of 4 months in the next year, and the protective frame is dismantled at the end of 4 months in the next year;
step 7, daily management: 1 month after afforestation, loosening the soil and weeding, and weeding for 1 time every 1 month; watering for 1 time every 5-8 days within 1 month of afforestation, wherein each time of watering is carried out to ensure that the infiltration is ensured; watering for 1 time every 1-2 months later to ensure that the water can permeate; and observing the plant diseases and insect pests in real time after the seedlings grow new branches and trunks, and preventing and treating the diseases and the insect pests.
Optimally, in the step 4, the cow and sheep manure powder is obtained by crushing cow and sheep manure in the peripheral pasturing area, and the addition amount of the cow and sheep manure powder is 1/5 of the added suitable soil; the suitable mature soil is mature soil which is 10-30 cm below the ground surface of the surrounding alpine meadow.
Optimally, the antifreezing solution sprayed in the step 5 is a commercially available tree antifreezing solution, and a nutrient solution is added into the antifreezing solution, wherein the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 20-30% of that of the antifreezing solution, and the nutrient solution contains: 4.5 percent of phosphorus element, 3.5 percent of potassium element, 1 percent of nitrogen element, 0.5 percent of sodium element, 0.2 percent of copper element, 0.1 percent of iron element, 0.05 percent of manganese element, 0.1 percent of zinc element and 0.05 percent of molybdenum element.
Optimally, the mulching film is laid in the step 6 to be non-woven fabric; the protective frame is a vertical tripod constructed by bamboo boards or round wood bars, the height of the protective frame is 0.5-1 m higher than that of the carried nursery stock, and the size of the protective frame is adjusted timely according to the growth condition of the nursery stock; the wind barrier is non-woven fabric.
Optimally, the watering amount of each planting pit hole in the step 7 is different according to different carried seedling seeds, but cannot exceed the edge of the square planting pit hole; watering adopts a watering cart or a drainage hose.
The test field is selected from the primary schools of the lodging of the national nationality of Gande county of Congo county of the Qinghai province, 200 Sabina przewalskii kom are transplanted by the method, and the survival rate of the Sabina przewalskii kom is 85% after the Sabina przewalskii kom is planted for one year.
Example 4
A method suitable for afforestation of high-altitude towns comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, selecting suitable tree species: selecting Tibet willow seedlings which are 1.5m high, have no plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage and are suitable for greening and growing in high-altitude towns;
step 2, preparation of seedling root system soil balls:
s1, determining soil balls: before transplanting, the root system of the seedling of the salix hiding harlequin needs to be provided with soil balls, and the diameter of each soil ball is 25 times of the ground diameter of the seedling;
s2, digging soil balls: before digging, enclosing a tree crown by a straw rope, then shoveling away floating soil with the thickness of 10cm around a trunk until a side thin root is seen, then drawing 1 circle by taking the trunk as a center according to the size of 3.5cm larger than the specified soil ball diameter, ditching outwards along the circle, wherein the ditch width is 25cm, the depth is based on the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball, removing diseased roots, dead roots and longer hair roots, and cutting off the roots with the diameter larger than 1cm by using pruning shears;
s3, finishing the soil balls: when the soil ball is dug to reach the radius of the soil ball, the soil ball is trimmed while being dug, the surface of the soil ball is flattened to ensure that the soil ball is large at the upper part and small at the lower part and smooth at the shoulder part, and the soil ball gradually shrinks inwards when half of the soil ball is trimmed downwards from the shoulder part until the specified soil ball diameter is the standard;
s4, packaging the soil balls: after the soil balls are trimmed, immediately packaging the soil balls by using grass ropes, firstly winding the grass ropes for 1 circle at the nearest part of a nursery stock trunk to the ground and knotting, then uniformly winding the grass ropes at the circumference of the soil balls in the direction perpendicular to the outward direction of the trunk, horizontally winding the grass ropes for 3-5 circles, knotting the rope ends at roots and stems, wherein the binding density of the soil balls is determined according to the soil quality and the volume of the soil balls, and less soil with soft texture is wound; the larger volume of the soil ball is wound with a plurality of straw ropes;
step 3, arranging the square planting pits: according to the size of the transplanted tree seedling, digging a square planting pit with the side length being 35cm longer than the diameter of the transplanted seedling soil ball and the depth being 28cm higher than the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball in the planting field, wherein the pit distance is 1.3 times of the height of the transplanted seedling, when digging the planting pit, firstly, stacking surface soil above the pit, stacking raw soil around the pit, arranging a square ridge with the side length being 17cm longer than the side length of the planting pit and the height being 45cm around the pit, and then covering the surface soil above the ridge;
step 4, planting holes, soil changing and transplanting: backfilling appropriate mature soil in the planting pit to 1/2 parts of the pit, and then inserting the seedlings into the pit; backfilling the suitable-for-life mellow soil mixed with the cow and sheep manure powder again, leveling the edges of the pit, compacting, continuously backfilling until the distance between the soil and the edges of the pit is 10-20 cm, and leveling a backfill soil layer; watering, and preparing subsequent work, wherein soil subsidence appears after watering, and when the nursery stock inclines, the nursery stock should be righted and filled with soil in time;
step 5, spraying antifreeze: uniformly spraying the antifreezing solution on the seedling tree trunk, wherein the antifreezing solution is sprayed on the position of the seedling tree trunk, which is contacted with the surface soil, for a plurality of times;
step 6, arranging wind-proof and cold-proof facilities: paving a mulching film on the surface soil of the transplanted nursery stock, and meanwhile, stabilizing the tree body by adopting a regular triangular pile, wherein the supporting points are from bottom to top to 2/3 th higher part of the tree body of the nursery stock; before winter, a protective frame is set up at a position 30cm away from the farthest branch of the nursery stock, the protective frame covers the windbreak from the end of 10 months in the current year to the end of 4 months in the next year, and the protective frame is dismantled at the end of 4 months in the next year;
step 7, daily management: 1 month after afforestation, loosening the soil and weeding, and weeding for 1 time every 1 month; watering for 1 time every 5-8 days within 1 month of afforestation, wherein each time of watering is carried out to ensure that the infiltration is ensured; watering for 1 time every 1-2 months later to ensure that the water can permeate; and observing the plant diseases and insect pests in real time after the seedlings grow new branches and trunks, and preventing and treating the diseases and the insect pests.
Optimally, in the step 4, the cow and sheep manure powder is obtained by crushing cow and sheep manure in the peripheral pasturing area, and the addition amount of the cow and sheep manure powder is 1/5 of the added suitable soil; the suitable mature soil is mature soil which is 10-30 cm below the ground surface of the surrounding alpine meadow.
Optimally, the antifreezing solution sprayed in the step 5 is a commercially available tree antifreezing solution, and a nutrient solution is added into the antifreezing solution, wherein the addition amount of the nutrient solution is 20-30% of that of the antifreezing solution, and the nutrient solution contains: 4.5 percent of phosphorus element, 3.5 percent of potassium element, 1 percent of nitrogen element, 0.5 percent of sodium element, 0.2 percent of copper element, 0.1 percent of iron element, 0.05 percent of manganese element, 0.1 percent of zinc element and 0.05 percent of molybdenum element.
Optimally, the mulching film is laid in the step 6 to be non-woven fabric; the protective frame is a vertical tripod constructed by bamboo boards or round wood bars, the height of the protective frame is 0.5-1 m higher than that of the carried nursery stock, and the size of the protective frame is adjusted timely according to the growth condition of the nursery stock; the wind barrier is non-woven fabric.
Optimally, the watering amount of each planting pit hole in the step 7 is different according to different carried seedling seeds, but cannot exceed the edge of the square planting pit hole; watering adopts a watering cart or a drainage hose.
The test field is selected from the national middle school of the autonomous state of Gande county of the Congo nationality of the Qinghai province, 200 plants of the Tibetan willow are transplanted by the method, and the survival rate of the Tibetan willow is 86% after the plantation is statistically found after one year.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method suitable for afforestation and greening of high-altitude towns is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, selecting suitable tree species: selecting high-altitude town greening appropriate-growing seedlings with height of 1.5-2.5 m, no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage;
step 2, preparation of seedling root system soil balls:
s1, determining soil balls: before transplanting, the root system of the seedling is provided with soil balls, and the diameter of the soil balls is 10-25 times of the breast diameter or the ground diameter of the seedling;
s2, digging soil balls: before digging, enclosing a tree crown by a straw rope, then shoveling away floating soil with the thickness of 10cm around a trunk until a side thin root is seen, then drawing 1 circle by taking the trunk as a center according to the size of 3-5 cm larger than the specified soil ball diameter, ditching outwards along the circle, wherein the ditch width is 20-40 cm, the depth is based on the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball, removing diseased roots, dead roots and longer hair roots, and cutting off the roots with the diameter larger than 1cm by using pruning shears;
s3, finishing the soil balls: when the soil ball is dug to reach the radius of the soil ball, the soil ball is trimmed while being dug, the surface of the soil ball is flattened to ensure that the soil ball is large at the upper part and small at the lower part and smooth at the shoulder part, and the soil ball gradually shrinks inwards when half of the soil ball is trimmed downwards from the shoulder part until the specified soil ball diameter is the standard;
s4, packaging the soil balls: after the soil balls are trimmed, immediately packaging the soil balls by using grass ropes, firstly winding the grass ropes for 1 circle at the nearest part of a nursery stock trunk to the ground and knotting, then uniformly winding the grass ropes at the circumference of the soil balls in the direction perpendicular to the outward direction of the trunk, horizontally winding the grass ropes for 3-5 circles, knotting the rope ends at roots and stems, wherein the binding density of the soil balls is determined according to the soil quality and the volume of the soil balls, and less soil with soft texture is wound; the larger volume of the soil ball is wound with a plurality of straw ropes;
step 3, arranging the square planting pits: according to the size of the transplanted tree seedling, digging a square planting pit with the side length being 30-50 cm longer than the soil ball diameter of the transplanted seedling and the depth being 20-30 cm higher than the longitudinal diameter of the soil ball in the planting field, wherein the pit distance is 1.0-1.5 times of the height of the transplanted seedling, when digging the planting pit, firstly, stacking surface soil above the pit, stacking raw soil around the pit, arranging a square ridge with the side length being 10-20 cm longer than the side length of the planting pit and the height being 30-50 cm around the pit, and then covering the surface soil above the ridge; another scheme for arranging the square planting holes is that rectangular holes with the length of 2m, the width of 1m and the depth of 30-40 cm are dug in a planting field, the distance between every two adjacent holes is 1.0-1.5 times of the height of a transplanting seedling, surface soil is firstly stacked above the holes when the planting holes are dug, raw soil is stacked around the holes, rectangular soil ridges with the length and width ratios exceeding 10-20 cm and the height of 30-50 cm are arranged around the holes, and then the surface soil is covered above the soil ridges.
Step 4, planting holes, soil changing and transplanting: backfilling appropriate mature soil in the planting pit to 1/2 parts of the pit, and then placing the seedlings in the pit; backfilling the suitable-for-life mellow soil mixed with the cow and sheep manure powder again, leveling the edges of the pit, compacting, continuously backfilling until the distance between the soil and the edges of the pit is 10-20 cm, and leveling a backfill soil layer; watering, and preparing subsequent work, wherein soil subsidence appears after watering, and when the nursery stock inclines, the nursery stock should be righted and filled with soil in time;
step 5, spraying antifreeze: uniformly spraying the antifreezing solution on the seedling tree trunk, wherein the antifreezing solution is sprayed on the position of the seedling tree trunk, which is contacted with the surface soil, for a plurality of times;
step 6, arranging wind-proof and cold-proof facilities: paving a mulching film on the surface soil of the transplanted nursery stock, and meanwhile, stabilizing the tree body by adopting a regular triangular pile, wherein the supporting points are from bottom to top to 2/3 th higher part of the tree body of the nursery stock; before winter, a protective frame is set up at a position 30cm away from the farthest branch head of the nursery stock, the protective frame covers a windbreak from the end of 10 months in the current year to the end of 4 months in the next year, and the protective frame is removed from the end of 4 months in the next year;
step 7, daily management: 1 month after afforestation, loosening the soil and weeding, and weeding for 1 time every 1 month; watering for 1 time every 5-8 days within 1 month of afforestation, wherein each time of watering is carried out to ensure that the infiltration is ensured; watering for 1 time every 1-2 months later to ensure that the water can permeate; and observing the plant diseases and insect pests in real time after the seedlings grow new branches and trunks, and preventing and treating the diseases and the insect pests.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nursery stock suitable for afforestation in the high altitude towns in step 1 is Sichuan clove, Sichuan spruce, Qilian juniper, Qinghai spruce, Tibet willow and black currant.
3. The method for afforestation in high-altitude towns according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the cow and sheep manure powder is obtained by crushing cow and sheep manure in peripheral pasturing areas, and the addition amount of the cow and sheep manure powder is 1/5 of added suitable mellow soil; the suitable mature soil is mature soil which is 10-30 cm below the ground surface of the surrounding alpine meadow.
4. The method for afforestation suitable for high-altitude towns according to claim 1 or claim 1, wherein the nursery stock is transplanted in the step 4, and a stumping step is further performed at a later stage of the plantation, and the branches with current year or weak lignification are cut off at an early stage of the plantation.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the nursery stock in the stumping step is Sichuan clove and black currant, and the transplanting density is 40-60 mounds per planting hole.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the antifreeze sprayed in the step 5 is a commercially available tree antifreeze, and a nutrient solution is added to the antifreeze, wherein the nutrient solution is added in an amount of 20-30% of the antifreeze, and the nutrient solution contains: 4.5 percent of phosphorus element, 3.5 percent of potassium element, 1 percent of nitrogen element, 0.5 percent of sodium element, 0.2 percent of copper element, 0.1 percent of iron element, 0.05 percent of manganese element, 0.1 percent of zinc element and 0.05 percent of molybdenum element.
7. The method for afforestation in high-altitude towns according to claim 1, wherein the mulching film laid in the step 6 is a non-woven fabric; the protective frame is a vertical tripod constructed by bamboo boards or round wood bars, the height of the protective frame is 0.5-1 m higher than that of the carried nursery stock, and the size of the protective frame is adjusted timely according to the growth condition of the nursery stock; the wind barrier is non-woven fabric.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of water applied to each planting hole in step 7 varies according to the type of seedling to be planted, but cannot exceed the edge of a square planting hole.
9. The method for afforestation in high-altitude towns according to claim 1, wherein the step 7 of daily management, watering is performed by using a watering cart or a drainage hose.
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| CN116965190A (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2023-10-31 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rapid reconstruction method of grass hill wetland |
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