CN113099970A - Ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix seed and kale - Google Patents
Ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix seed and kale Download PDFInfo
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- 244000077995 Coix lacryma jobi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 title claims description 64
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 64
- 235000012905 Brassica oleracea var viridis Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 64
- 235000007354 Coix lacryma jobi Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000209205 Coix Species 0.000 claims description 57
- 241001008148 Aster indicus Species 0.000 claims description 28
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 241001091572 Kalanchoe Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 241001252483 Kalimeris Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010231 banlangen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000064816 Brassica oleracea var. acephala Species 0.000 claims 6
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 claims 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000121220 Tricholoma matsutake Species 0.000 abstract 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000191398 Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000334160 Isatis Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 3
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000207965 Acanthaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000108463 Hygrophila <snail> Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930182559 Natural dye Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 206010034960 Photophobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000257673 Strobilanthes cusia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036461 convulsion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000978 natural dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix lacryma-jobi and kalanchoe, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a cultivation land, (2) growing seedlings, (3) sowing coix seeds, (4) transplanting the kalium matsutake, (5) carrying a grass frame, (6) preventing and controlling pests, (7) fertilizing and managing water, (8) harvesting the kalium matsutake for the first time, (9) harvesting the kalium matsutake for the second time, and (10) harvesting the coix seeds and treating straws. In the horizontal direction, the invention makes full use of the organic fusion measures of plants and animals, prevents and controls insect pests and promotes the cyclic utilization of nutrition. In the vertical direction, the plants are distributed in high, medium and low three-dimensional directions by virtue of different light and moisture preference characteristics, so that the land and light energy utilization rate is improved. The invention integrates the application of ecological technology, fully utilizes agricultural wastes, promotes the application of circular agriculture and reduces the agricultural non-point source pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stereoscopic ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix lacryma-jobi and kalanchoe, in particular to an ecological cultivation method combining intercropping and planting, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
Baphicanicum cusia is a perennial herb of Acanthaceae, also called Baphicacanthus cusia and Baphicanthus cusia; the stem is upright or the base is outwards inclined, the stem is slightly lignified and is about 1 m high, the branch is usually branched in pairs, the tender part and the inflorescence are rusty, scaly hair, the leaf is soft, the paper is elliptical or oval, the length is 10-20(-25) cm, the width is 4-9 cm, the top end is short and tapered, the base is wedge-shaped, the edge is provided with slightly coarse sawteeth, the two sides have no hair, and the stem is black when dry; each side of the collateral vein is about 8, and both sides are convex; the petiole is 1.5-2 cm long. The spike-shaped inflorescence is upright and 10-30 cm long; the bracts are opposite and grow 1.5-2.5 cm. The capsule is 2-2.2 cm long and has no hair; the seeds were ovoid and 3.5 mm long. The flowering phase is 11 months. (China plant society of Chinese academy of sciences, China plant society [ M ]. Beijing: science publishers, 2002,70: 113).
The kalanchoe is a basic plant of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, such as the south isatis root and the natural indigo, wherein the south isatis root has the efficacies of clearing away heat and toxic material, cooling blood and removing speckles, and the natural indigo has the efficacies of clearing away heat and toxic material, cooling blood and removing speckles, and purging intense heat and arresting convulsion (national pharmacy committee, people's republic of China [ M ]. Beijing: Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015, one part: 260). Meanwhile, the dyes such as indigo extracted from the kalanchoe are important dyes in China and even the world, namely the fact that the blue is superior to the blue is the real picture of natural pigments extracted from the plant.
In recent years, along with the improvement of the understanding of the kale, the environmental protection consciousness of people is enhanced, the kale is favored gradually by natural dyes, the price of the kale is rapidly increased, the cultivation area is enlarged year by year, people make research and report on the aspects of seedling breeding, normalized cultivation and the like, the kale likes the yin and wet growth environment, and light-resistant measures such as erecting and shading a shed are needed during artificial cultivation. The invention simulates the wild growth environment, fully utilizes natural resources such as light, heat, water and the like, constructs micro-ecological cycle and creates a three-dimensional ecological cultivation method. The three-dimensional space is statically distributed in a layered mode, and dynamic activities of animals such as chickens and the like exist, so that insect pests are reduced, soil nutrition is increased by animal wastes, and the growth of plants such as the kale is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional ecological cultivation method for kale, which adopts organic fusion measures of plants and animals, and adopts different light-loving and moisture-loving characteristics of the plants on illumination and humidity, the plants are vertically distributed in a high, medium and low three-dimensional manner, and are arranged in a static and dynamic combination manner in the horizontal direction, so that the method not only greatly reduces the average incidence rate of field diseases and insect pests, but also improves the unit area yield (590 kg of coix seeds and 1100 + 2500kg of fresh stems and leaves of kale per mu), and compared with single planting (700 kg of 600 + coix seeds per mu, 4500kg of 3000 + seeds per mu and needing to increase mulches per mu), the comprehensive yield is higher, and the mulches for one-crop kale cultivation are reduced, and the diseases and insect pests are reduced by more than 38%.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix lacryma-jobi and kalanchoe comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of cultivation site
Selecting a field which is not cultivated with coix lacryma-jobi and kale for at least 3 years, applying 600-plus-800 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in 3 months, then making a plurality of ridges with the height of 15-20 and the width of 1-1.2 meters, wherein the length direction of each ridge extends along the north-south direction, the width direction of each ridge extends along the east-west direction, each ridge is sequentially and alternately divided into a coix lacryma-jobi planting area and a kale planting area along the width extending direction, each coix lacryma-jobi planting area comprises 1-2 ridges, and each kale planting area comprises 1 ridge;
(2) seedling raising
Cutting branches on a strong kalimeris indica plant without plant diseases and insect pests as cutting slips for seedling culture during 1 to 10 days in 4 months;
(3) seeding of job's tears
Sowing middle-high-stem late-maturing coix seeds on the ridges of the coix planting area in the step (1) in 4-5 months, wherein the row spacing of the coix seeds is 20-30 multiplied by 30-35 cm,
(4) transplanting of kale
When the height of the seedling of the kalimeris indica cultivated in the step (2) reaches 25-35 cm, transplanting the kalimeris indica to the furrow of the kalimeris indica planting area in the step (1) in a cloudy day or a rainy day, wherein the row spacing of the kalimeris indica is 20-30 multiplied by 20-30 cm, and the planting depth is 5-10 cm;
(5) straw-laying frame
Building a shelf with the height of 90-110 cm on the ridge for planting the kale after the kale is transplanted in the step (4), and then covering the top of the shelf with a coix stalk with the thickness of 1-2 cm; and the covered coix stalk is taken down from the first 6 th to the first 11 th of the month;
(6) pest control
At the beginning of 5 months, breeding 30-60 chickens per mu in a cultivation land, harvesting kale in the first half month of each time, and removing all chickens in the cultivation land out of the cultivation land;
(7) fertilization and moisture management
After the coix lacryma-jobi survives, applying a compound fertilizer according to 20-30 kg per mu on the ridge planted with the coix lacryma-jobi, and applying ammonium bicarbonate according to 10-20 kg per mu on the ridge planted with the kale;
(8) first harvest of kale
Completely harvesting overground stems and leaves of the kalimeris in late 6 months, and then applying ammonium bicarbonate according to the proportion of 20-30 kg/mu;
(9) harvesting the kale for the second time
Completely harvesting overground stems and leaves of the kalimeris in 10-month middle ten days, and applying a compound fertilizer according to 20-30 kg/mu;
(10) coix seed harvesting and straw treatment
Harvesting Coix lacryma-jobi in 10-11 months, placing the stalk of Coix lacryma-jobi on the shelf above the ridge of Kalanchoe, turning over the ridge for cultivating Coix lacryma-jobi, and resting the ridge.
The scheme adopts the organic fusion measure of plants and animals, and the plants are in high, medium and low three-dimensional distribution in the vertical direction and are arranged in a static and dynamic combination manner in the horizontal direction by means of different photophobia and hygrophila characteristics of the plants to illumination and humidity.
The animal chicken can digest part of insect pests on the cultivation land, meanwhile, the produced excrement can add certain nutrients to the cultivation land, and the two plants, namely the coix lacryma-jobi and the kale, are mixed according to the proportion of 1-2 beds: the mode of 1 rectangular pieces of land is planted alternately, can greatly reduce the average incidence rate of field plant diseases and insect pests, and has improved the output of unit area.
Further: when preparing a cultivation place in the step (1), the organic fertilizer comprises the following components: mixing the rice straw and/or the coix straw which are cut into sections of less than 10cm with human excrement and/or livestock and poultry excrement according to the mass ratio of 10-20: 1, fermenting for 20-30 days after uniformly stirring, and turning over for 2-3 times in the period.
Further, during fertilizing and water management in the step (7), soil is kept moist in the field, irrigation needs to be carried out in time when drought occurs, and drainage needs to be carried out when long-term rainy days occur.
Further, during fertilizing and water management in the step (7), soil is kept moist in the field, irrigation needs to be carried out in time when drought occurs, drainage needs to be carried out when long-term rainy days occur, and proper drought needs to be carried out before harvesting.
Further, after the kale is harvested for the first time in the step (8), taking down the coix stems covered above the kale furrows, collecting half rotten coix stems together, and mixing ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of the half rotten coix stems to the ammonium bicarbonate is 100: 2-5, fermenting for 1-2 weeks, adding trichoderma harzianum to obtain treated coix stems, wherein the mass ratio of the semi-rotted coix stems to the trichoderma harzianum (3 hundred million CFU/g, produced by Bewy GmbH, USA) is 100: 0.2-0.3, and then covering the processed coix lacryma-jobi stems on the land where the kalanchoe is harvested for the first time. (kalimeris indica is a shallow root system crop, the stem node is rooted, the annual biomass is large, the needed nutrients are more, after covering, the kalimeris indica can meet the requirement of the kalimeris indica on the nutrition, the soil humidity is kept, and the kalimeris indica is more beneficial to growth and high yield)
Further, ploughing the ridge planted with the coix in the next year, applying 300-350 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, and then sowing the coix, wherein other operations are the same as those in the previous year.
Further, after 3-4 years of continuous planting, digging out the coix lacryma-jobi and the kalimeris, wherein the kalimeris is dug out, washed clean by clear water, dried in the sun to prepare the root of the south isatis, and the whole land is changed into other crops or is fallow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the horizontal direction, the organic fusion measures of plants and animals are fully utilized, insect pests are prevented and controlled, and the cyclic utilization of nutrition is promoted.
2. In the vertical direction, the plants are distributed in high, medium and low three-dimensional directions by virtue of different light and moisture preference characteristics, so that the land and light energy utilization rate is improved.
3. The invention integrates the application of ecological technology, fully utilizes agricultural wastes, promotes the application of circular agriculture and reduces the agricultural non-point source pollution.
4. The method adopts the organic fusion measure of plants and animals, and by means of different light-loving and moisture-loving characteristics of the plants to illumination and humidity, the plants are distributed in a high, medium and low three-dimensional manner in the vertical direction and are arranged in a static and dynamic combination manner in the horizontal direction, so that the method not only greatly reduces the average incidence rate of field plant diseases and insect pests, but also improves the yield per unit area (350 plus materials of coix lacryma-jobi seeds 590kg and 1100 plus materials of fresh stems and leaves of kale marylanica seeds 2500kg can be produced per mu), greatly improves the income of farmers, and improves the quality of the kale marylanica seeds and.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following embodiments: but is not limited to the following embodiments only and any modifications or alterations according to the principles of the present invention should be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix lacryma-jobi and kalanchoe comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of cultivation site
Selecting 3 years of fields which are not cultivated with coix lacryma-jobi and kale, applying 600 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu in 3 months, and then making a ridge with the height of 15 and the width of 1 meter, wherein the length direction of the ridge extends along the north-south direction;
(2) seedling raising
Cutting branches on a robust kalanchoe plant without diseases and insect pests before and after the Ming festival of each year to serve as cutting slips for seedling culture;
(3) seeding of job's tears
Sowing middle-high-stem late-maturing Coicis semen seeds on the furrow in step (1) in 4 months, wherein row spacing of Coicis semen seeds is 20 x 30 cm,
(4) transplanting of kale
When the seedling height of the kalimeris indica cultivated in the step (2) reaches 25 cm, transplanting the kalimeris indica to the ridge in the step (1) on a cloudy day or a rainy day, wherein the row spacing of the kalimeris indica is 20 x 20 cm, the cultivation depth is 5 cm, and the kalimeris indica in the step (2) and the coix lacryma-jobi in the step (3) are alternately planted at intervals along the width direction of the ridge according to the ridge 1 and the ridge 1;
(5) straw-laying frame
Building a shelf with the height of 90 cm on the ridge transplanted with the kale in the step (4), and then covering a coix stalk with the thickness of 2 cm on the top of the shelf; the coix stalk is not placed on the shelf from the first harvest of kale (6 months low) to the harvest of coix (11 months early).
(6) Pest control
After the kale is transplanted for half a month, stocking 30 chickens per mu in the cultivation land, and driving all the chickens in the cultivation land out of the cultivation land in the garden in half a month before harvesting;
(7) fertilization and moisture management
After the coix lacryma-jobi survives, applying a compound fertilizer to the coix lacryma-jobi according to 20 kg per mu, and applying ammonium bicarbonate to the kale according to 10 kg per mu; keeping soil moist in the field, watering in time when drought occurs, draining water when long-term rainy days occur, and paying attention to proper drought before harvesting;
(8) first harvest of kale
Completely harvesting overground stems and leaves of the kalimeris in late 6 months, and then applying ammonium bicarbonate according to the proportion of 20 kilograms per mu; taking down the coix stems covered above the kalant beds, collecting half rotten coix stems together, and mixing ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of the half rotten coix stems to the ammonium bicarbonate is 100: 2, fermenting for 1-2 times, adding trichoderma harzianum to obtain treated coix stems, wherein the mass ratio of the semi-rotten coix stems to the trichoderma harzianum is 100: 0.2, then covering the treated coix stalk on the land after the kale is harvested for the first time.
(9) Harvesting the kale for the second time
Completely harvesting overground stems and leaves of the kalimeris in the middle 10 months, and applying a compound fertilizer according to 20 kg/mu;
(10) coix seed harvesting and straw treatment
Harvesting Coix lacryma-jobi in 10 months, placing the stalk of Coix lacryma-jobi on the shelf above the ridge of Kalanchoe, ploughing the ridge for cultivating Coix lacryma-jobi, and resting the ridge.
Ploughing on the ridge for planting the coix in the next year, applying 300 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, and then sowing the coix, wherein other operations are the same as those in the previous year.
Continuously planting for 3 years, digging out Coicis semen and herba Kalimeridis, wherein radix Isatidis is dug out, washing with clear water, sun drying to obtain radix Isatidis, and planting other crops in the whole land.
Compared with the field for completely planting the coix lacryma-jobi, the average incidence rate of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced by 68%, compared with the field for completely planting the kalium cochinchinensis, the average incidence rate of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced by about 38%, the unit area output is improved (the coix lacryma-jobi is produced by 450kg per mu and the kalium cochinchinensis fresh stem and leaf is produced by 1500-.
Example 2
An ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix lacryma-jobi and kalanchoe comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of cultivation site
Selecting a field which is not cultivated with coix lacryma-jobi and kale for at least 3 years, applying 800 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu in 3 months, and then making a furrow with the height of 20 and the width of 1.2 meters, wherein the length direction of the furrow extends along the north-south direction;
(2) seedling raising
Cutting branches on a robust kalanchoe plant without diseases and insect pests before and after the Ming festival of each year to serve as cutting slips for seedling culture;
(3) seeding of job's tears
Sowing middle and high-stem late-maturing coix seeds on the ridges in the step (1) in 5 months, wherein the row spacing of the coix seeds is 30 x 35 cm,
(4) transplanting of kale
When the height of the seedling of the kalimeris indica cultivated in the step (2) reaches 35 cm, transplanting the kalimeris indica to the ridge in the step (1) on a cloudy day or a rainy day, wherein the row spacing of the kalimeris indica is 30 x 30 cm, the cultivation depth is 10cm, and the kalimeris indica in the step (2) and the coix lacryma-jobi in the step (3) are alternately planted at intervals along the width direction of the ridge according to the coix lacryma-jobi in the ridge 2 and the kalimeris indica in the ridge 1;
(5) straw-laying frame
Building a shelf with the height of 110 cm on the ridge transplanted with the kale in the step (4), and then covering a coix stalk with the thickness of 3 cm on the top of the shelf; the coix stalk is not placed on the shelf from the first harvest of kale (6 months low) to the harvest of coix (11 months early).
(6) Pest control
After the kale is transplanted for half a month, stocking 60 chickens per mu in the cultivation land, and driving all the chickens in the cultivation land out of the cultivation land in the garden in the half month before harvesting;
(7) fertilization and moisture management
After the coix lacryma-jobi survives, applying a compound fertilizer to the coix lacryma-jobi according to 30 kg per mu, and applying ammonium bicarbonate to the kale according to 10-20 kg per mu; keeping soil moist in the field, watering in time when drought occurs, draining water when long-term rainy days occur, and paying attention to proper drought before harvesting;
(8) first harvest of kale
Completely harvesting overground stems and leaves of the kalimeris in late 6 months, and then applying ammonium bicarbonate according to the proportion of 30 kilograms per mu; taking down the coix stems covered above the kalant beds, collecting half rotten coix stems together, and mixing ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of the half rotten coix stems to the ammonium bicarbonate is 100: 5, fermenting for 1-2 times, adding Trichoderma harzianum to obtain treated coix lachryma-jobi stems, wherein the mass ratio of the semi-rotted coix lachryma-jobi stems to the Trichoderma harzianum is 100: 0.3, then covering the treated coix stalk on the land after the kale is harvested for the first time.
(9) Harvesting the kale for the second time
Completely harvesting overground stems and leaves of the kalimeris in the middle 10 months, and applying a compound fertilizer according to 30 kilograms per mu;
(10) coix seed harvesting and straw treatment
Harvesting Coix lacryma-jobi in 11 months, placing the stalk of Coix lacryma-jobi on the shelf above the ridge of Kalanchoe, ploughing the ridge for cultivating Coix lacryma-jobi, and resting the ridge.
Ploughing on the ridge for planting the coix in the next year, applying 350 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, and then sowing the coix, wherein other operations are the same as those in the previous year.
Continuously planting for 4 years, digging out Coicis semen and herba Kalimeridis, wherein radix Isatidis is dug out, washing with clear water, sun drying to obtain radix Isatidis, and cultivating the whole land.
Compared with the field for completely planting the coix lacryma-jobi, the average incidence rate of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced by 53 percent, compared with the field for completely planting the kalium cochinchinensis, the average incidence rate of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced by about 49 percent, the unit area output is improved (480 and 590kg of coix lacryma-jobi and 1100 and 1900kg of fresh stem leaves of the kalium cochinchinensis per mu), the income of farmers is greatly improved, and the quality of the kalium cochinchinensis and the coix lacryma-jobi is improved.
Example 3
An ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix lacryma-jobi and kalanchoe comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of cultivation site
Selecting a field which is not cultivated with coix lacryma-jobi and kale for at least 3 years, applying 700 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu in 3 months, and then making a ridge with the height of 18 and the width of 1.1 meters, wherein the length direction of the ridge extends in the north-south direction;
(2) seedling raising
Cutting branches on a robust kalanchoe plant without diseases and insect pests before and after the Ming festival of each year to serve as cutting slips for seedling culture;
(3) seeding of job's tears
Sowing the late-maturing coix seeds with medium and high stems on the ridges in the step (1) in 4-5 months, wherein the row spacing of the coix seeds is 25 x 32 cm,
(4) transplanting of kale
When the seedling height of the kalimeris indica cultivated in the step (2) reaches 25-35 cm, transplanting the kalimeris indica to the ridge in the step (1) on a cloudy day or a rainy day, wherein the row spacing of the kalimeris indica is 25 x 25 cm, the cultivation depth is 7 cm, and the kalimeris indica in the step (2) and the coix lacryma-jobi in the step (3) are alternately planted at intervals along the width direction of the ridge according to the coix lacryma-jobi in the ridge 2 and the kalimeris indica in the ridge 1;
(5) straw-laying frame
Building a shelf with the height of 100 cm on the ridge transplanted with the kale in the step (4), and then covering the top of the shelf with a coix stalk with the thickness of 2 cm; the coix stalk is not placed on the shelf from the first harvest of kale (6 months low) to the harvest of coix (11 months early).
(6) Pest control
After the kale is transplanted for half a month, 50 chickens are put in the cultivation land per mu, and all the chickens in the cultivation land are driven out of the cultivation land in the garden in the half month before harvesting;
(7) fertilization and moisture management
After the coix lacryma-jobi survives, applying a compound fertilizer to the coix lacryma-jobi according to 25 kg per mu, and applying ammonium bicarbonate to the kale according to 15 kg per mu; keeping soil moist in the field, watering in time when drought occurs, draining water when long-term rainy days occur, and paying attention to proper drought before harvesting;
(8) first harvest of kale
Completely harvesting overground stems and leaves of the kalimeris in late 6 months, and then applying ammonium bicarbonate according to the weight of 25 kilograms per mu; taking down the coix stems covered above the kalant beds, collecting half rotten coix stems together, and mixing ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of the half rotten coix stems to the ammonium bicarbonate is 100: 3, fermenting for 1-2 times, adding Trichoderma harzianum to obtain treated coix lachryma-jobi stems, wherein the mass ratio of the semi-rotted coix lachryma-jobi stems to the Trichoderma harzianum is 100: 0.25, and then covering the treated coix stalk on the land after the kale is harvested for the first time.
(9) Harvesting the kale for the second time
Completely harvesting overground stems and leaves of the kalimeris in the middle 10 months, and applying a compound fertilizer according to 25 kg/mu;
(10) coix seed harvesting and straw treatment
Harvesting Coix lacryma-jobi in 10-11 months, placing the stalk of Coix lacryma-jobi on the shelf above the ridge of Kalanchoe, ploughing the ridge for cultivating Coix lacryma-jobi, and resting the ridge.
Ploughing on the ridge for planting the coix in the next year, applying 320 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, and then sowing the coix, wherein other operations are the same as those in the previous year.
After continuously planting for 4 years, digging out the coix lacryma-jobi and the kalimeris, wherein the kalimeris is dug out, washed clean by clear water, dried in the sun to prepare the south isatis root, and the whole land is changed into other crops.
Compared with the field where the coix lacryma-jobi is planted completely, the average incidence rate of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced by 73%, compared with the field where the kalanchoe lacryma-jobi is planted completely, the average incidence rate of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced by about 41%, and the unit area yield is improved (260 kg of coix lacryma-jobi and 1800-.
Comparative example 1
Different from the embodiment 3, the coix lacryma-jobi seeds in 1 furrow and the kalimeris lacryma-jobi seeds in 2 furrow are alternately planted at intervals along the width direction of the furrow, the illumination of the field is strong, certain deformity appears on the kalimeris lacryma-jobi leaf at 7-8 months, and the leaf turns yellow.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix and kale borecole is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of cultivation site
Selecting a field which is not cultivated with coix lacryma-jobi and kale for at least 3 years, applying 600-plus-800 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in 3 months, then making a plurality of ridges with the height of 15-20 and the width of 1-1.2 meters, wherein the length direction of each ridge extends along the north-south direction, the width direction of each ridge extends along the east-west direction, each ridge is sequentially and alternately divided into a coix lacryma-jobi planting area and a kale planting area along the width extending direction, each coix lacryma-jobi planting area comprises 1-2 ridges, and each kale planting area comprises 1 ridge;
(2) seedling raising
Cutting branches on a strong kalimeris indica plant without plant diseases and insect pests as cutting slips for seedling culture during 1 to 10 days in 4 months;
(3) seeding of job's tears
Sowing middle-high-stem late-maturing coix seeds on the ridges of the coix planting area in the step (1) in 4-5 months, wherein the row spacing of the coix seeds is 20-30 multiplied by 30-35 cm,
(4) transplanting of kale
When the height of the seedling of the kalimeris indica cultivated in the step (2) reaches 25-35 cm, transplanting the kalimeris indica to the furrow of the kalimeris indica planting area in the step (1) in a cloudy day or a rainy day, wherein the row spacing of the kalimeris indica is 20-30 multiplied by 20-30 cm, and the planting depth is 5-10 cm;
(5) straw-laying frame
Building a shelf with the height of 90-110 cm on the ridge for planting the kale after the kale is transplanted in the step (4), and then covering the top of the shelf with a coix stalk with the thickness of 1-2 cm; and the covered coix stalk is taken down from the first 6 th to the first 11 th of the month;
(6) pest control
At the beginning of 5 months, breeding 30-60 chickens per mu in a cultivation land, harvesting kale in the first half month of each time, and removing all chickens in the cultivation land out of the cultivation land;
(7) fertilization and moisture management
After the coix lacryma-jobi survives, applying a compound fertilizer according to 20-30 kg per mu on the ridge planted with the coix lacryma-jobi, and applying ammonium bicarbonate according to 10-20 kg per mu on the ridge planted with the kale;
(8) first harvest of kale
Completely harvesting overground stems and leaves of the kalimeris in late 6 months, and then applying ammonium bicarbonate according to the proportion of 20-30 kg/mu;
(9) harvesting the kale for the second time
Completely harvesting overground stems and leaves of the kalimeris in 10-month middle ten days, and applying a compound fertilizer according to 20-30 kg/mu;
(10) coix seed harvesting and straw treatment
Harvesting Coix lacryma-jobi in 10-11 months, placing the stalk of Coix lacryma-jobi on the shelf above the ridge of Kalanchoe, turning over the ridge for cultivating Coix lacryma-jobi, and resting the ridge.
2. The ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix seed and kale borecole as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: when preparing a cultivation place in the step (1), the organic fertilizer comprises the following components: mixing the rice straw and/or the coix straw which are cut into sections of less than 10cm with human excrement and/or livestock and poultry excrement according to the mass ratio of 10-20: 1, fermenting for 20-30 days after uniformly stirring, and turning over for 2-3 times in the period.
3. The ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix seed and kale borecole as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (7) during fertilization and water management, keeping soil moist in the field, irrigating water in time when drought occurs, and paying attention to water drainage when long-term rainy days occur.
4. The ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix seed and kale borecole as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the kale is harvested for the first time, taking down the coix stems covered above the kale furrows, collecting half rotten coix stems together, and mixing ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of the half rotten coix stems to the ammonium bicarbonate is 100: 2-5, fermenting for 1-2 weeks, and adding trichoderma to obtain the treated coix stems, wherein the mass ratio of the semi-rotten coix stems to the trichoderma is 100: 0.2-0.3, and then covering the processed coix lacryma-jobi stems on the kalanchoe cultivation land after the kalanchoe is harvested for the first time.
5. The ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix seed and kale borecole as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and (4) ploughing the furrow after harvesting the coix in 4-5 months of the next year, applying 300-350 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, sowing the coix, and repeating the steps (6) - (10).
6. The ecological intercropping cultivation method for coix seed and kale borecole as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: continuously planting for 3-4 years, digging out Coicis semen and herba Kalimeridis, wherein radix Isatidis is dug out, washing with clear water, sun drying, and planting other crops or fallow in the whole land.
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Effective date of registration: 20231213 Address after: Building of the Research and Comprehensive Experimental Center of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 104 Pudang, Xindian Town, Jin'an District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001 Patentee after: Crop Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Provincial Germplasm Resources Center) Address before: 350003 No. 54, 247 North Road, Gulou District, Fujian, Fuzhou Patentee before: AGRICULTURAL BIORESOURCES INSTITUTE OF FUJIAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES |