CN113080445A - 一种药食同源食材的处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于药食同源食材处理技术领域,具体涉及一种药食同源食材的处理方法。粉碎:将药食同源食材超微粉碎至微米级;化学改性:将粉碎后药食同源食材中加入低共熔熔剂中进行反应,获得化学改性后的药食同源食材;亲水性处理:向化学改性后的药食同源食材中加入亲水材料;包埋:将亲水性处理后药食同源食材进行包埋处理,然后喷雾干燥,获得处理后的药食同源食材。通过上述方法获得的药食同源食材产品亲水性好,且活性物质不易被氧化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药食同源食材处理技术领域,具体涉及一种药食同源食材的处理方法。
背景技术
植物类药食同源食材细胞壁中纤维素的结晶结构复杂,内部氢键较多,亲水性差,不易被人体吸收利用,并且,现有技术中药食同源食材的处理方法,普遍存在制备获得的产品亲水性不好、活性成分易被氧化的技术问题。
因此,亟需一种能够有效破坏药食同源食材中纤维素结晶结构,提高亲水性、且避免活性成分被氧化的处理方法。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提供一种药食同源食材的处理方法。所述方法包括粉碎、化学改性、亲水性处理、包埋步骤,通过上述处理,获得的药食同源食材产品亲水性好,且活性物质不易被氧化。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种药食同源食材处理方法,所述方法包括:
粉碎:将药食同源食材超微粉碎至微米级;
化学改性:将粉碎后药食同源食材中加入低共熔熔剂中进行反应,获得化学改性后的药食同源食材;
亲水性处理:向化学改性后的药食同源食材中加入亲水材料;
包埋:将亲水性处理后药食同源食材进行包埋处理,然后喷雾干燥,获得处理后的药食同源食材。
进一步地,所述药食同源食材包括茯苓、灵芝、黄精、人参。
进一步地,所述化学改性步骤中,采用的低共熔熔剂包括氢键供体和氢键受体,所述氢键供体包括:乳酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、甘油、木糖醇、葡萄糖、果糖、乙酸中的任意一种,所述氢键受体包括:甘氨酸或甜菜碱;
将氢供体和氢受体按照摩尔比(2-10):1的比例混合,在50-60摄氏度下恒温搅拌2-3h,得到低共熔熔剂;
将粉碎后药食同源食材和低共熔熔剂按照质量比(1-1.2):10的比例混合,然后在60-90℃条件下搅拌反应8-10h,反应结束后,过滤,将滤渣用去离子水充分洗涤,获得化学改性后药食同源食材。
上述反应条件需要严格控制,如果反应条件过于温和,譬如低于60℃且反应时间低于8h,则会导致能量过低,不能够有效破坏纤维度的结晶结构;反之,如果反应条件过于剧烈,如温度高于90℃且反应时间大于10h,则会增加导致大量半纤维的溶出,造成有效成分的流失。
进一步地,所述亲水性处理步骤中,向化学改性后的药食同源食材中加入的亲水材料为富含亲水基团的膳食纤维,添加的膳食纤维包括聚葡萄糖、低脂果胶、高脂果胶、苹果果胶、柚皮果胶、蓝莓果胶、菠萝果胶、低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖、低聚乳糖、低聚木糖、大豆低聚糖、琼脂粉、羧甲基纤维素中的一种或多种。
具体地,按照质量份数计,向10份化学改性后的药食同源食材中添加2-4份膳食纤维。
膳食纤维中包括大量亲水基团,有很强的亲水性,在本发明中,添加膳食纤维,不仅能够提高产品的亲水性,而且植物纤维被营养学界补充认定为第七类营养素,具有抗腹泻作用、治疗便秘、解毒、降低血液胆固醇和甘油三酯、控制体重等作用,能够提高本发明制备的药食同源类产品的保健功效。并且本发明中采用的膳食纤维均为水溶性膳食纤维,水溶性纤维能有效使肠道中的益茵活性化,促进益菌大量繁殖,创造肠道的健康生态。
进一步地,所述包埋的步骤,具体为:
(1)向亲水性处理后药食同源食材中添加去离子水,搅拌均匀,形成混悬液;
(2)将维生素c、β-环状糊精和水混合,溶解,得到抗氧化壁材溶液;控制抗氧化壁材溶液的制备过程中温度低于60℃;以避免维生素c被破坏;
(3)将步骤(1)制备的混悬液和步骤(2)制备的抗氧化壁材溶液混合,然后巴士杀菌、喷雾干燥、获得处理后的药食同源食材。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,制备获得混悬液中,药食同源食材质量百分比浓度为60-70%;
步骤(2)中,按照质量份数计,将5-10份维生素c、50-80份β-环状糊精和100份水混合,得到抗氧化壁材溶液;
步骤(3)中,混悬液和壁材溶液质量比为1:(2-4)。
在壁材溶液的制备的过程中,添加具有抗氧化能力的维生素c,能够避免药食同源食材中活性物质在制备、储存过程中被空气氧化,从而最大可能活性物质因氧化造成的失活。
本发明的有益技术效果:
(1)本发明所述方法采用的低共熔熔剂均无毒,材质非常安全,能够放心用于食品制备;
本发明中采用低共熔熔剂能够对有效破坏纤维素中的结晶结构,增加了纤维素的表面羟基,使纤维素内部氢键减少,从而提高亲水性;并且处理条件温和,低温处理,能耗低。
(2)本发明所述方法向改性后药食同源食材中添加膳食纤维,膳食纤维中包括大量亲水基团,有很强的亲水性,能够增加产品的亲水性,使获得的药食同源食材产品的水溶性更好,能够速溶;
(3)本发明所述方法在包埋壁材的制备的过程中,添加具有抗氧化能力的维生素c,能够避免药食同源食材中活性物质因氧化造成的失活。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细描述。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
相反,本发明涵盖任何由权利要求定义的在本发明的精髓和范围上做的替代、修改、等效方法以及方案。进一步,为了使公众对本发明有更好的了解,在下文对本发明的细节描述中,详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分。对本领域技术人员来说没有这些细节部分的描述也可以完全理解本发明。
本发明实施例提供一种药食同源食材的处理方法。所述方法包括:
粉碎:将药食同源食材超微粉碎至微米级;
化学改性:将粉碎后药食同源食材中加入低共熔熔剂中进行反应,获得化学改性后的药食同源食材;
亲水性处理:向化学改性后的药食同源食材中加入亲水材料;
包埋:将亲水性处理后药食同源食材进行包埋处理,然后喷雾干燥,获得处理后的药食同源食材。
优选地,所述药食同源食材包括茯苓、灵芝、黄精、人参。
其中,所述化学改性步骤中,采用的低共熔熔剂包括氢键供体和氢键受体,所述氢键供体包括:乳酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、甘油、木糖醇、葡萄糖、果糖、乙酸中的任意一种,所述氢键受体包括:甘氨酸或甜菜碱;
将氢供体和氢受体按照摩尔比(2-10):1的比例混合,在50-60摄氏度下恒温搅拌2-3h,得到低共熔熔剂;
将粉碎后药食同源食材和低共熔熔剂按照质量比(1-1.2):10的比例混合,然后在60-90℃条件下搅拌反应8-10h,反应结束后,过滤,将滤渣用去离子水充分洗涤,获得化学改性后药食同源食材。
在本实施例中,所述亲水性处理步骤中,向化学改性后的药食同源食材中加入的亲水材料为富含亲水基团的膳食纤维,添加的膳食纤维包括聚葡萄糖、低脂果胶、高脂果胶、苹果果胶、柚皮果胶、蓝莓果胶、菠萝果胶、低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖、低聚乳糖、低聚木糖、大豆低聚糖、琼脂粉、羧甲基纤维素中的一种或多种。
具体地,按照质量份数计,向10份化学改性后的药食同源食材中添加2-4份膳食纤维。
在本实施例中,所述包埋的步骤,具体为:
(1)向亲水性处理后药食同源食材中添加去离子水,搅拌均匀,形成混悬液;制备获得混悬液中,药食同源食材质量百分比浓度为60-70%;
(2)按照质量份数计,将5-10份维生素c、50-80份β-环状糊精和100份水混合,得到抗氧化壁材溶液;控制抗氧化壁材溶液的制备过程中温度低于60℃;以避免维生素c被破坏;
(3)将步骤(1)制备的混悬液和步骤(2)制备的抗氧化壁材溶液混合,然后巴士杀菌、喷雾干燥、获得处理后的药食同源食材;优选地,混悬液和壁材溶液质量比为1:(2-4)。
Claims (6)
1.一种药食同源食材处理方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
粉碎:将药食同源食材超微粉碎至微米级;
化学改性:将粉碎后药食同源食材中加入低共熔熔剂中进行反应,获得化学改性后的药食同源食材;
亲水性处理:向化学改性后的药食同源食材中加入亲水材料;
包埋:将亲水性处理后药食同源食材进行包埋处理,然后喷雾干燥,获得处理后的药食同源食材。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种药食同源食材的处理方法,其特征在于,所述药食同源食材包括茯苓、灵芝、黄精、人参。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种药食同源食材的处理方法,其特征在于,所述化学改性步骤中,采用的低共熔熔剂包括氢键供体和氢键受体,所述氢键供体包括:乳酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、甘油、木糖醇、葡萄糖、果糖、乙酸中的任意一种,所述氢键受体包括:甘氨酸或甜菜碱;
将氢供体和氢受体按照摩尔比(2-10):1的比例混合,在50-60摄氏度下恒温搅拌2-3h,得到低共熔熔剂;
将粉碎后药食同源食材和低共熔熔剂按照质量比(1-1.2):10的比例混合,然后在60-90℃条件下搅拌反应8-10h,反应结束后,过滤,将滤渣用去离子水充分洗涤,获得化学改性后药食同源食材。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种药食同源食材的处理方法,其特征在于,所述亲水性处理步骤中,向化学改性后的药食同源食材中加入的亲水材料为富含亲水基团的膳食纤维,添加的膳食纤维包括聚葡萄糖、低脂果胶、高脂果胶、苹果果胶、柚皮果胶、蓝莓果胶、菠萝果胶、低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖、低聚乳糖、低聚木糖、大豆低聚糖、琼脂粉、羧甲基纤维素中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种药食同源食材处理方法,其特征在于,所述包埋的步骤,具体为:
(1)向亲水性处理后药食同源食材中添加去离子水,搅拌均匀,形成混悬液;
(2)将维生素c、β-环状糊精和水混合,溶解,得到抗氧化壁材溶液;控制抗氧化壁材溶液的制备过程中温度低于60℃;
(3)将步骤(1)制备的混悬液和步骤(2)制备的抗氧化壁材溶液混合,然后巴士杀菌、喷雾干燥、获得处理后的药食同源食材。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种药食同源食材处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,制备获得混悬液中,药食同源食材质量百分比浓度为60-70%;
步骤(2)中,按照质量份数计,将5-10份维生素c、50-80份β-环状糊精和100份水混合,得到抗氧化壁材溶液;
步骤(3)中,混悬液和壁材溶液质量比为1:(2-4)。
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