CN113080376A - 方便营养型谷物粥及其制备方法 - Google Patents

方便营养型谷物粥及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113080376A
CN113080376A CN202110536060.5A CN202110536060A CN113080376A CN 113080376 A CN113080376 A CN 113080376A CN 202110536060 A CN202110536060 A CN 202110536060A CN 113080376 A CN113080376 A CN 113080376A
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李国峰
郑金伟
李瑞星
冯来友
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种方便营养型谷物粥,是由下述重量配比的细粉形成的膨化粉或颗粒:玉米粉12—15%、南瓜粉10—14%、魔芋粉10—14%、大米粉10—15%、小米粉10—15%、燕麦粉8—12%、黑豆粉4—6%、大豆粉4—6%、茯苓粉3—5%、红豆粉3—5%、绿豆粉3—5%、豌豆粉3—5%和FD果蔬0—2%。制备方法包括混配、膨化和微波干燥。这种方便营养型谷物粥营养丰富、均衡,补充能量、风味独特、容易消化、吸收,因加工过程是依靠膨化熟化,膨化和干燥只失去水分,因此营养素不易损失,开水冲泡食用,不需要长时间熬制,是一种速食类方便营养型谷物粥。

Description

方便营养型谷物粥及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种营养食品,具体来说是一种方便营养型谷物粥及其制备方法。
背景技术
谷物作为我国人民膳食结构中最重要的食物资源,“五谷为养”、“安谷则昌”。“民以食为天”,人们天天吃饭,获得营养,维持生命健康。不同地区人们的膳食习惯不尽相同,但都以谷物为主食,如馒头、米饭、面包、面条,一日三餐,它们都主要由大米、小米、黑米、玉米、小麦、燕麦等谷物为原料经加工而成的食品。
谷物类食物在民间称之为“粗粮、杂粮”,它们主要为人体提供碳水化合物、蛋白质、膳食纤维和B族维生素,是人体热能最主要的来源。我国鼓励吃粗杂粮,美国食品营养金字塔将全谷物食品列于塔的最低层,为重要的一类食品。
在人们的食谱中,谷物除用于做主食外,还有就是做粥。粥主要是由大米、小米、玉米为主要原料熬成,也有的添加部分黑米或燕麦,而小麦则主要是用于做面食,基本不用来熬粥。玉米则多以面、糁的加工形态熬粥,东北则以初步破碎的玉米碴子熬制。大米、小米、黑米、燕麦则是以去皮后的整粒用来做粥,基本没有用面粉做粥的。
一般来说,由于不同谷物颗粒大小、主要成份和去皮不去皮的不同,熬粥所需要的时间不同,用多种谷物熬制时其搭配也有要求,比如大米、黑米和燕麦甚至红豆、绿豆可以一起熬,但基本不与小米、玉米面、玉米糁一起熬。对于需要熬制时间比较久的黑米、玉米碴子,更很少与蔬菜一起熬。但,不同谷物营养成份不同,甚至差异较大,因此现在的粥营养比较单一,只是辅助食物无法作为主食。更因为熬制时间长,无法成为速食食品,且谷香较淡。
因此,提供一种口感好、易消化、营养、速食型谷物粥,将具有很大的社会需求和价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种速食粥——方便营养型谷物粥,不仅具有传统粥的口感,而且易于消化,营养丰富。
本发明的方便营养型谷物粥,是由下述重量配比的细粉形成的膨化粉或颗粒:
玉米粉12—15%、南瓜粉10—14%、魔芋粉10—14%、大米粉10—15%、小米粉10—15%、燕麦粉8—12%、黑豆粉4—6%、大豆粉4—6%、茯苓粉3—5%、红豆粉3—5%、绿豆粉3—5%、豌豆粉3—5%和FD果蔬0—2%。
优选的,所述FD果蔬是由占营养型谷物粥总重量比的下述果蔬构成:胡萝卜0.2—0.5%、香菇0.2—0.5%、小香葱0.5—1%。
本发明的方便营养型谷物养粥,每100克产品含有能量≥360kcal、蛋白质≥11.0g、碳水化合物≥68.0g、脂肪≤4.0g、膳食纤维≥4.0g、铁≥4.0mg、钙≥220.0mg、锌≥4.5mg、维生素A≥1390.0IU、维生素D≥120.0IU、维生素B1≥0.80mg、维生素B2≥0.27mg、维生素B6≥0.7mg。
所述方便营养型谷物粥的制备方法,该方法包括:
(1)粉碎:将除果蔬以外的原料磨成60—80目的细粉;
(2)混合:将步骤(1)中的细粉按重量配比称重,放入搅拌机混合同时加入水使混合物含水量达到12—20%,以利于膨化;
(3)膨化:将步骤(3)获得的含水面粉用采用双螺杆挤压式膨化机,膨化机末端温度设定为150-170℃,进行挤压并膨化和熟化,膨化物水分含量为8-15%;
(4)微波干燥:将膨化物用微波炉进行微波干燥,微波炉出口温度70—80℃,经微波炉后膨化物干燥疏松、水分含量5—10%并且达到了灭菌效果;
(5)超微粉碎:干燥后的膨化物用锤式超微粉碎机进行超微粉碎,达到细胞级超微粉。
超微粉可以作为最终产品包装,直接开水冲泡即可成粥食用。
进一步地,还可以与经过FD工程低温冷却干燥的果蔬颗粒混合,使营养粥营养更全面。
进一步地,还可以进一步通过自动制粒机制成米粒大小的颗粒,然后经过微波干燥,进行包装,以获利米粥一样的颗粒口感。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中膨化机初段—中段—末端温度为50℃—130℃—160℃,通过温度控制实现控制膨化程度和水份含量。
本发明中,各原料的主要营养成份如下:
玉米粉,除淀粉外,其脂肪、磷元素、维生素B2的含量居谷类食物之首,玉米面中含有亚油酸和维生素E,丰富的膳食纤维。
南瓜粉,含有多种氨基酸、胡萝卜素、D族维生素、维生素E抗坏血酸、葫芦巴碱、腺嘌呤、脂肪、葡萄糖、戊聚糖及甘露醇等成分,除提供营养成分外还提供糖分,在膨化和微波干燥处理后产生焦糖口感。
魔芋粉,主要成分为碳水化合物,还有可溶性膳食纤维、葡苷聚糖,葡苷聚糖具有很强的吸水性,吸水后体积可膨胀80-100倍有利于营养粥的溶解和食用后的消化。
大米粉,有脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物、b族维生素等。
小米粉,含有较丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、钙、铁、维生素B1等营养,所含蛋白质、脂肪均高于大米、面粉。
燕麦粉,富含可溶性纤维,磷、铁、钙、镁等元素含量高,B族维生素、尼克酸、叶酸、泛酸都比较丰富,特别是维生素E,人体必需的8种氨基酸含量的均居首位。
黑豆粉蛋白质含量为49.8%,相当于牛肉的2倍、鸡蛋的3倍、牛奶的16倍。其他如烟酸、维生素B1、维生素B2、胡萝卜素及微量元素铜、钴、铁的含量也很高。
大豆粉大豆含蛋白质40%、脂肪20%左右,大豆蛋白质的赖氨酸含量高,但缺乏蛋氨酸。与此相反,谷类食物蛋白质的赖氨酸含量不足,蛋氨酸含量较高。
茯苓粉,含有三萜类、多聚糖类及胆碱、脂肪、卵磷脂、钾、镁等多种元素。
红豆粉与黑豆和大豆比,主要成份是碳水化合物,蛋白20%左右,钾、磷、镁含量高。
豌豆粉、绿豆粉的碳水化合物、蛋白含量与红豆类似,但这三种杂豆维生素和矿物质含量各有千秋。
胡萝卜,富含胡萝卜素,还富含维生素B1、维生素B2、钙、铁、磷等维生素和矿物质。
香菇含有高蛋白、低脂肪、多糖、多种氨基酸和多种维生素,除了营养成份外还可以调味。
香葱,含葱蒜辣素,除增香去豆腥味外,还有杀菌延长保质期作用。
本发明的这种方便型营养谷物粥,把谷类、大豆和杂豆类、南瓜、魔芋、茯苓和FD果蔬结合,经物理方式处理、合理调配,营养丰富、均衡,补充能量、风味独特、容易消化、吸收,因加工过程是依靠膨化熟化,膨化和干燥只失去水分,因此营养素不易损失,开水冲泡食用,不需要长时间熬制,是一种速食类方便营养型谷物粥。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,以助于理解本发明的内容。
实施例1
原料重量组成:玉米粉13%、南瓜粉12%、魔芋粉12%、大米粉13%、小米粉13%、燕麦粉10%、黑豆粉5%、大豆粉5%、茯苓粉4%、红豆粉4%、绿豆粉4%、豌豆粉4%、FD胡萝卜丁0.3%、香菇0.2%和FD香葱0.5%。
制备方法为:
(1)粉碎:将除果蔬以外的原料磨成60--80目的细粉,胡萝卜、香菇和香葱切碎经真空冷冻干燥制成FD果蔬,真空冷冻干燥(Freeze Dried,简称FD)技术在不破坏物质原有物理化学结构的基础上,通过升华将物质脱水干燥,能够在很大程度上使一些对热敏感且易挥发损失的成分得到保存,所以,经FD技术处理过的香菇、小香葱,内在营养成分的保存率可达到96%以上,而且食物含有的极轻芳香油也会被保留在食物的表面而不损失,且冻干形成的疏松结构,易吸水复形。
(2)混合:将步骤(1)中的细粉按重量配比称重,放入搅拌机混合同时加入水使混合物含水量达到12—20%,以利于膨化,含水量过多膨化需要的能源消耗较大,过少不利于膨化形成疏松颗粒;
(3)膨化:将步骤(3)获得的含水面粉用采用双螺杆挤压式膨化机,膨化机入口段、中段和末端温度分别为50℃—130℃—160℃,随着加温、加压的进行,面粉中的水分呈过热状态,物料本身变得柔软和熟化,当到达一定高温高压状态挤入常压大气中,这时物料内呈过热状态的部分水分便一下子在瞬间汽化而发生膨化作用,形成10x10mm大颗粒状,疏松的膨化物水分含量为8-15%;
(4)微波干燥:大颗粒均匀按铺在功率40kw隧道式微波炉进口处输送带上,随着湿原料进入微波炉,湿原料将在微波炉内进行脱水烘焙、膨化、干燥,微波炉输送带行进速度为2—4m/min、进口温度60—75℃,出口温度70—80℃,经微波炉后膨化谷物干燥疏松、水分含量≤5—10%并且达到了灭菌效果,同时使谷香更浓;
(5)超微粉碎:干燥后的膨化物用高速锤式超微粉碎机进行超微粉碎,达到在不改变细粉物质结构的基础上,使细粉进一步达到细胞级超微粉,在原料上超微粉碎外力的分布上相对较均匀,分级系统既严格限制了大颗粒,又避免了物料过碎,可以得到粒径分布均匀的超微粉,同时增加了微粉的比表面积,进而使产品的吸附性、溶解性等增大。
(6)调配:膨化超微粉,通过增加FD工程低温冷冻干燥果蔬粒,使营养型谷物粥营养更全面,经混合均匀即可分装。
实施例2
原料重量组成:玉米粉15%、南瓜粉10%、魔芋粉14%、大米粉10%、小米粉15%、燕麦粉8%、黑豆粉6%、大豆粉4%、茯苓粉4%、红豆粉3%、绿豆粉5%、豌豆粉5%、香菇0.2%和FD香葱0.8%。
制备方法(1)-(6)参照实施例1,还包括如下步骤:
(7)制粒:按颗粒要求采用自动制粒机(自动喷雾水,搅拌,制粒),颗粒大小类似米粒;
(8)微波干燥:将颗粒均匀按铺在功率40kw隧道式微波炉进口处输送带上,在微波炉内进行脱水烘焙、膨化、干燥,微波炉输送带行进速度为2—4m/min、进口温度60—75℃,出口温度70—80℃;
(9)整选与包装:将干燥后颗粒进入分选,大小统一后进行分包装。
实施例3
原料重量组成:玉米粉12%、南瓜粉14%、魔芋粉11%、大米粉15%、小米粉10%、燕麦粉12%、黑豆粉4%、大豆粉6%、茯苓粉5%、红豆粉5%、绿豆粉3%、豌豆粉3%。
制备方法参照实施例1,获得方便营养型谷物粥,可以用开水冲泡。

Claims (6)

1.一种方便营养型谷物粥,是由下述重量配比的细粉形成的膨化粉或颗粒:
玉米粉12—15%、南瓜粉10—14%、魔芋粉10—14%、大米粉10—15%、小米粉10—15%、燕麦粉8—12%、黑豆粉4—6%、大豆粉4—6%、茯苓粉3—5%、红豆粉3—5%、绿豆粉3—5%、豌豆粉3—5%和FD果蔬0—2%。
2.如权利要求1所述的方便营养型谷物粥,其特征在于所述FD果蔬是由占营养型谷物粥总重量比的下述果蔬构成:胡萝卜0.2—0.5%、香菇0.2—0.5%、小香葱0.5—1%。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述方便营养型谷物粥的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)粉碎:将除果蔬以外的原料磨成60—80目的细粉;
(2)混合:将步骤(1)中的细粉按重量配比称重,放入搅拌机混合同时加入水使混合物含水量达到12—20%,以利于膨化;
(3)膨化:将步骤(3)获得的含水面粉用采用双螺杆挤压式膨化机,膨化机末端温度设定为150-170℃,进行挤压并膨化和熟化,膨化物水分含量为8-15%;
(4)微波干燥:将膨化物用微波炉进行微波干燥,微波炉出口温度70—80℃,经微波炉后膨化物干燥疏松、水分含量5—10%并且达到了灭菌效果;
(5)超微粉碎:干燥后的膨化物用锤式超微粉碎机进行超微粉碎,达到细胞级超微粉。
4.如权利要求3所述的方便营养型谷物粥的制备方法,其特征在于还包括如下步骤还可以与经过FD工程低温冷却干燥的果蔬颗粒混合。
5.如权利要求3所述的果蔬型营养餐的制备方法,其特征在于:所述细胞级超微粉还通过自动制粒机制成米粒大小的颗粒,然后经过微波干燥,进行包装。
6.如权利要求3所述的方便营养型谷物粥的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中膨化机初段—中段—末端温度为50℃—130℃—160℃。
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