CN113056623B - 用于确定离合器在发电机操作期间的特征变量的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于确定安装在车辆的传动系(10)中的离合器(18)的特征变量的方法(100),所述离合器用于在离合器输入端(20)和离合器输出端(22)之间传递传动扭矩,其中:第一电动机(14)连接到离合器输入端(20)并且连接到内燃机(12),并且在由内燃机(12)驱动时能够作为发电机操作;第二电动机(24)连接到离合器输出端(22);离合器输入端(20)可具有第一转速并且离合器输出端(22)可具有第二转速;通过启用离合器(18)以采用打滑状态并且在这样做时通过设定(104)第一转速和第二转速之间的预定义转速差来确定发电机操作期间的传动扭矩;然后确定(107)存在于离合器输入端(20)处的离合器输入扭矩,以及根据离合器输入扭矩确定(108,114)传动扭矩。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于确定安装在车辆传动系中的离合器的特征变量的方法。
背景技术
对于自动致动的离合器而言,了解离合器的致动所依赖的离合器的特征变量对于获得良好的驾驶舒适性以及确保离合器和车辆的操作安全性至关重要。离合器的自动致动或部分自动致动通常由离合器致动器来实施,其中致动单元沿行驶路径移位,从而致动离合器。离合器传递的传动扭矩取决于致动单元的位置和离合器的摩擦衬片的摩擦系数。传动扭矩和行驶路径之间的这种关系可通过存储在离合器的离合控制器中的离合器特征来描述。
离合器的传动扭矩限定特性在车辆操作期间可发生变化,例如由于部件的温度波动、磨损或疲劳过程。然而,对于可靠的离合器操作而言,了解离合器的特征变量是非常重要的。虽然行驶路径可以经由传感器系统进行评估和重新调整,但摩擦衬片的摩擦系数以及因此传动扭矩是更难以确定的。
在WO 2016/008463中,提出了一种用于适配混合动力的分离式离合器的摩擦系数的方法。混合动力的分离式离合器将内燃机连接到电动机。当内燃机运行时,首先打开离合器,然后足够远闭合,以使离合器以打滑方式操作。传动系上的输出转速在此保持恒定。然后根据致动单元的位置进行摩擦系数的适配,离合器从该位置以打滑方式操作。
发明内容
本发明的目的是改进用于确定安装在车辆的传动系中的离合器的特征变量的方法。具体地,这应该以较短的时间间隔来确定。
这些目的中的至少一个目的是通过用于确定安装在具有根据权利要求1的特征的车辆的传动系中的离合器的特征变量的方法来实现的。因此,提出了一种用于确定安装在车辆的传动系中以用于在离合器输入端和离合器输出端之间传递传动扭矩的离合器的特征变量的方法,其中:第一电动机连接到离合器输入端并且连接到内燃机,并且在由内燃机驱动时能够作为发电机操作;第二电动机连接到离合器输出端;离合器输入端可具有第一转速并且离合器输出端可具有第二转速;通过启用离合器以采用打滑状态并且在这样做时通过设定第一转速和第二转速之间的预定义转速差来确定发电机操作期间的传动扭矩;然后确定存在于离合器输入端处的离合器输入扭矩,以及根据离合器输入扭矩确定传动扭矩。
结果,可以以较小的时间间隔确定取决于传动扭矩的离合器的特征变量。此外,该方法的实施对车辆的影响很小,以至于可以在不被外界以及被车辆使用者察觉的情况下执行该方法。可以增加离合器的可靠性,并且可以改善车辆的操作安全性和驾驶舒适性。
第一电动机可产生第一驱动扭矩。第一电动机可向离合器输入端提供第一驱动扭矩。第一电动机的转子可连接到内燃机的输出端。
第二电动机可实现第二驱动扭矩。第二电动机可将第二驱动扭矩递送到车轮。
内燃机可实现第三驱动扭矩。离合器输入扭矩可主要由第三驱动扭矩形成。第一驱动扭矩和第三驱动扭矩可被共同施加到离合器输入端。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,第一电动机在发电机操作期间引起相对于第三驱动扭矩的第一反扭矩,其中传动扭矩被确定为等于第三驱动扭矩和第一反扭矩之间的扭矩差。
在本发明的另外优选实施方案中,转速差通过第二电动机指定,特别是调节第二转速来设定。
在本发明的另外优选实施方案中,转速差通过内燃机指定,特别是调节第一转速来设定。
在发电机模式期间,内燃机可以以恒定转速操作。在发电机操作期间,第一转速优选地是为大致恒定的。发电机操作期间的第一转速可以是内燃机的最佳转速,内燃机在该转速下具有最高效率。
转速差也可通过第一电动机指定,特别是调节第一转速来设定。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,离合器在发电机操作期间打开,并且致动离合器以确定传动扭矩。在发电机操作期间,第一电动机和第二电动机可以以串联混合动力布置起作用。第一电动机可由内燃机驱动并产生电能,第二电动机可将该电能转化为驱动能。作为替代或除此之外,所产生的电能可被供应给电能存储装置,例如可再充电电池。
在本发明的有利实施方案中,第二转速低于第一转速。第二转速也可大于第一转速。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,当确定传动扭矩时,第一转速和第二转速为大致恒定的。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,当第一转速和第二转速之间的转速差降到阈值以下时,触发对传动扭矩的确定。结果,可以更细微地调整由要第二电动机指定的用于执行该方法的第二转速。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,离合器是分离式离合器,特别是K0离合器。当离合器打开时,第二电动机可独立于第一电动机和内燃机机械地移动。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,传动扭矩以及与第二转速和第一转速的转速差用于限定摩擦系数。存储在离合器的离合控制器中的离合器的特征变量,例如摩擦系数,可根据所确定的离合器的特征变量来适配。
本发明的另外优点和有利实施方案由对附图的描述得出。
附图说明
图1示出了具有离合器的车辆的传动系,其特征变量根据本发明的特定实施方案中的方法确定。
图2示出了在本发明的另外特定实施方案中用于确定离合器的特征变量的方法。
图3a示出了具有位于第一操作状态中的离合器的车辆的传动系,该离合器的特征变量根据本发明的特定实施方案中的方法确定。
图3b示出了在离合器的第一操作状态下的第一转速和第二转速的时间曲线,其特征变量根据本发明的另外特定实施方案中的方法确定。
图4a示出了具有位于第二操作状态中的离合器的车辆的传动系,其中在本发明的另外特定实施方案中进行方法。
图4b示出了在离合器的第二操作状态下的第一转速和第二转速的时间曲线,其特征变量根据本发明的另外特定实施方案中的方法确定。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有离合器18的车辆的传动系10,其传动扭矩根据本发明的特定实施方案中的方法确定。传动系包括内燃机12,该内燃机连接到第一电动机14。因此,内燃机12的输出端不可旋转地连接到第一电动机14的转子16。
第一电动机14连接到离合器18。转子16不可旋转地连接到离合器18的离合器输入端20。当离合器18被致动时,离合器18的离合器输出端22可通过与离合器输入端20的摩擦而操作接合。如果离合器18关闭,则可以在离合器输入端20和离合器输出端22之间传递扭矩。由离合器18在特定时间点处传递的扭矩表示传动扭矩。
离合器输出端22连接到第二电动机24。第二电动机24的转子26不可旋转地连接到离合器输出端22。转子26也连接到车轮28。
第一电动机14可实现第一驱动扭矩,第二电动机24可实现第二驱动扭矩,并且内燃机12可实现第三驱动扭矩。第一驱动扭矩和第三驱动扭矩可被施加到离合器输入端20。第二驱动扭矩可被施加到离合器输出端22和车轮28。
离合器18是分离式离合器,特别是K0离合器。当离合器18打开时,第二电动机24可独立于第一电动机14和内燃机12机械地移动。单独的第二电动机24可向车轮28提供第二驱动扭矩。车辆可由第二驱动扭矩移动。
第一电动机14可处于发电机操作中,特别是当离合器18打开时,在该发电机操作中第一电动机14实现相对于第三驱动扭矩的第一反扭矩。在发电机操作期间,第一电动机14和第二电动机24以串联混合动力布置起作用。第一电动机14由内燃机12驱动并且因此产生电能,第二电动机24可将该电能转化为驱动能作为第二驱动扭矩。
在发电机操作期间作为离合器输入扭矩存在于离合器输入端20处的扭矩主要由第三驱动扭矩形成。具体地,离合器输入扭矩对应于在发电机操作期间运行的第一电动机14的第三驱动扭矩和反扭矩之间的扭矩差。
图2示出了在本发明的另外特定实施方案中用于确定离合器的特征变量的方法100。方法100确定安装在车辆的传动系中的离合器的特征变量。离合器使得传动扭矩能够在离合器输入端和离合器输出端之间传递。第一电动机连接到离合器输入端并且连接到内燃机。第一电动机可作为发电机操作,在这期间第一电动机由内燃机驱动。在发电机操作期间,内燃机优选地以恒定转速操作,这形成第一转速。发电机操作期间的第一转速可以是内燃机的最佳转速,内燃机在该转速下具有最高效率。
第二电动机连接到离合器输出端。第二电动机例如根据车辆的负载要求来改变第二转速。因此,根据车辆的操作状态将第二转速施加到打开的离合器的离合器输出端。
当第一转速和第二转速之间的转速差的阈值检查101表明转速差降到阈值以下时,确定传动扭矩。如果触发所述确定,则致动离合器以确定传动扭矩。通过由离合器致动102致动离合器以便采用打滑状态来确定第一电动机的发电机操作期间的传动扭矩。在第一转速和第二转速之间设定预先确定的转速差104。第二转速可小于或大于第一转速。转速差可为100rpm。
转速差通过以下方式来设定:内燃机不断提供105在发电机操作期间存在于离合器输入端处的恒定第一转速,并且第二电动机指定106,特别是调节第二转速。当确定传动扭矩时,第一转速和第二转速为大致恒定的。
这之后是确定107存在于离合器输入端处的离合器输入扭矩以及根据离合器输入扭矩确定108传动扭矩。出于该目的,记录110在发电机操作期间由第一电动机引起的第一反扭矩,并且还记录112内燃机的第三驱动扭矩。然后将传动扭矩确定114为等于第三驱动扭矩和第一反扭矩之间的扭矩差。
传动扭矩以及与第二转速和第一转速的转速差用于限定116离合器的摩擦系数。然后,可根据所确定的摩擦系数来进行存储在离合器的离合控制器中的离合器的特征变量的适配118。
图3a示出了具有位于第一操作状态中的离合器18的车辆的传动系10,该离合器的特征变量根据本发明的特定实施方案中的方法确定。传动系10包括内燃机12,该内燃机连接到第一电动机14,并且与第一电动机14一起连接到离合器18。
第二电动机24位于离合器18的下游,该第二电动机连接到车轮。在第一操作状态下,离合器是打开的。
图3b示出了在离合器的第一操作状态下的第一转速和第二转速的时间曲线,其特征变量根据本发明的另外特定实施方案中的方法确定。第一电动机处于发电机操作中,其中内燃机影响第一转速200,并且理想地将其保持为恒定。
由第二电动机产生的第二转速202根据车辆的负载要求随时间推移而改变,并且例如低于第一转速200。
图4a示出了具有位于第二操作状态中的离合器18的车辆的传动系10,该离合器的特征变量根据本发明的特定实施方案中的方法确定。离合器18处于打滑状态,其中离合器输入端20具有第一转速,并且离合器输出端22具有第二转速。
图4b示出了在离合器的第二操作状态下的第一转速和第二转速的时间曲线,其特征变量根据本发明的另外特定实施方案中的方法确定。第一电动机处于发电机操作中。如果第一转速和第二转速之间的转速差的阈值检查表明转速差降到阈值以下,该阈值在时间t1处出现,则开始确定特征变量并且使离合器进入第二操作状态。
出于该目的,离合器被致动并切换到打滑操作,其中第二电动机设定恒定第二转速202。第一转速200通过内燃机在发电机操作期间驱动第一电动机而被设定为恒定的。转速差因此从时间t1保持恒定,以便能够确定传动扭矩。
一旦确定在时间t2处发生了什么已经完成,离合器便再次打开并且离合器返回到第一操作状态。在进行确定时,驾驶员的请求始终具有优先权。如果车辆的驾驶员想要改变驱动转速并且第二转速也将必须为此改变,则在这种情况下中止确定,并且在不同的、更有利的时间点处进行确定。
附图标记说明
10传动系12内燃机14第一电动机16转子18离合器20离合器输入端22离合器输出端24第二电动机26转子28车轮100方法101阈值检查102离合器致动104设定转速差105提供第一转速106指定第二转速107确定离合器输入扭矩108记录传动扭矩110记录反扭矩112记录第三驱动扭矩114确定传动扭矩116限定摩擦系数118适配离合器的特征变量200第一转速202第二转速。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于确定安装在车辆的传动系(10)中的离合器(18)的特征变量的方法(100),所述离合器用于在离合器输入端(20)和离合器输出端(22)之间传递传动扭矩,
第一电动机(14)连接到所述离合器输入端(20)并且连接到内燃机(12),并且在由所述内燃机(12)驱动时能够作为发电机操作,所述内燃机(12)输出第三驱动扭矩,
第二电动机(24)连接到所述离合器输出端(22),所述第二电动机(24)输出第二驱动扭矩,
所述离合器输入端(20)能够具有第一转速并且所述离合器输出端(22)能够具有第二转速,
其特征在于,
确定发电机操作期间的所述传动扭矩是通过启用所述离合器(18)以采用打滑状态并且在这样做时设定(104)所述第一转速和所述第二转速之间的预定义转速差,
然后确定(107)存在于所述离合器输入端(20)处的离合器输入扭矩,以及
根据所述离合器输入扭矩确定(108,114)所述传动扭矩;
其中,所述第一电动机(14)在发电机操作期间引起相对于第三驱动扭矩的第一反扭矩,其中所述传动扭矩被确定(114)为等于所述第三驱动扭矩和所述第一反扭矩之间的扭矩差。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法(100),其特征在于,所述转速差通过所述第二电动机(24)指定(106)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法(100),其特征在于,所述转速差通过调节所述第二转速来设定(104)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法(100),其特征在于,所述转速差通过所述内燃机(12)指定(105)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法(100),其特征在于,所述转速差通过调节所述第一转速来设定(104)。
6.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的方法(100),其特征在于,所述离合器(18)在发电机操作期间打开,并且被致动(102)以确定所述传动扭矩。
7.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的方法(100),其特征在于,所述第二转速(202)低于所述第一转速(200)。
8.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的方法(100),其特征在于,当确定所述传动扭矩(108,114)时,所述第一转速(200)和所述第二转速(202)为大致恒定的。
9.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的方法(100),其特征在于,当所述第一转速(200)和所述第二转速(202)之间的所述转速差降到阈值以下时,触发对所述传动扭矩的所述确定。
10.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的方法(100),其特征在于,所述离合器(18)是分离式离合器。
11.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的方法(100),其特征在于,所述离合器(18)是K0离合器。
12.根据权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的方法(100),其特征在于,所述传动扭矩以及所述第二转速(202)与所述第一转速(200)的所述转速差用于限定(116)摩擦系数。
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DE102018128961A1 (de) | 2020-05-20 |
CN113056623A (zh) | 2021-06-29 |
US20210394742A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 |
WO2020103973A1 (de) | 2020-05-28 |
US11987231B2 (en) | 2024-05-21 |
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