CN115667746A - 在电动或混合动力机动车的停车状态中检查离合器的调节精度的方法 - Google Patents

在电动或混合动力机动车的停车状态中检查离合器的调节精度的方法 Download PDF

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CN115667746A
CN115667746A CN202180036644.4A CN202180036644A CN115667746A CN 115667746 A CN115667746 A CN 115667746A CN 202180036644 A CN202180036644 A CN 202180036644A CN 115667746 A CN115667746 A CN 115667746A
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clutch
electric machine
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checked
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托马斯·特雷德尔
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Magna Powertrain GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

一种用于在电动或混合动力机动车处于停车状态时检查离合器(7，8)的调节精度的方法，其中所述电动或混合动力机动车具有至少一个电机(2)，并且其中待检查的离合器(7，8)设置在所述电机(2)和可保持固定的轴(5，6)之间的力流中，所述方法至少包括以下步骤：‑使轴(5，6)保持固定，‑在待检查的离合器(7，8)处设定所限定的期望力矩，‑连续地加速运行所述电机(2)，直到所述离合器(7，8)第一次打滑，‑将在所述电机(2)处达到的扭矩与在离合器(7，8)处预设的期望力矩进行比较，或者所述方法至少包括以下步骤：‑使轴(5，6)保持固定，‑将所述电机(2)加速运行到所限定的转速，‑在待检查的离合器(7，8)处设定所限定的期望力矩，‑将所述电机(2)的对于要保持恒定的转速所需要的扭矩与在所述离合器(7，8)处所设定的期望力矩进行比较。

Description

在电动或混合动力机动车的停车状态中检查离合器的调节精 度的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在电动或混合动力机动车的停车状态中检查离合器的调节精度的方法，其中电动或混合动力机动车具有至少一个电机，并且其中待检查的离合器设置在电机和可保持固定的轴之间的力流中。
背景技术
各种类型的离合器是机动车工程中的重要组成部分。为了保证其准确的功能，更确切地说，为了保证高的力矩精度从而保证高的驾驶舒适度，有必要在离合器的生命周期内尽可能准确地了解其所有参数。在现代机动车工程中经常应用尤其多片式离合器(摩擦离合器)。因此，多片式离合器例如能够用于在机动车中在机动车的驱动设备和变速器之间传输扭矩。此外，多片式离合器例如能够用于实现在机动车的至少一个轴处的“扭矩矢量控制(Torque Vectoring)”单元。多片式离合器或一般离合器通常是机电地驱动，其中从执行器的位置计算出离合器所能够传输的扭矩。如果在离合器的使用寿命期间出现在对扭矩进行这种计算时没有考虑到的效应，例如由于进入到湿式离合器的润滑剂中的水进入或污物、磨损、温度影响等造成的摩擦系数改变，那么这导致离合器本应传输的所期望的扭矩(期望力矩)和离合器实际传输的扭矩(实际力矩)之间的巨大偏差。这可能导致不符合离合器的要求的偏差或者甚至导致安全临界的状态。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种用于在电动或混合动力机动车的停车状态中检查离合器的调节精度的改进的方法。
该需求能够通过根据独立权利要求1的本发明的主题来满足。本发明的有利的实施方式在从属权利要求中描述。
根据本发明的用于检查离合器的调节精度的方法在电动或混合动力机动车中应用并且在机动车处于停车状态时执行。能够应用根据本发明的方法的电动或混合动力机动车具有至少一个电机。待检查的离合器在此设置在该电机和可保持固定即可固定的轴之间的力流中。
关于这一点，将离合器理解为单一的离合器，例如多片式离合器。
关于这一点，将处于停车状态的电动或混合动力机动车理解为停住并且不行驶的电动或混合动力机动车。
根据本发明的方法能够“静态地”或“动态地”执行。
根据本发明的方法的“静态的”变型形式至少包括以下步骤：
使轴保持固定，
在待检查的离合器上设定所限定的期望力矩，
连续地加速运行电机，直到离合器第一次打滑，
将电机的所达到的扭矩与在离合器上预设的期望力矩进行比较。
根据本发明的方法的“动态的”变型形式至少包括以下步骤：
使轴保持固定，
加速运行电机到所限定的转速，
在待检查的离合器上设定所限定的期望力矩，
将电机的对于要保持恒定的转速所需的扭矩与在离合器上设定的期望力矩进行比较。
优选地，所述方法应用于作为具有至少两个离合器的离合器系统的一部分的离合器，其中离合器系统的每个离合器借助于根据本发明的方法检查其调节精度，并且其中在检查离合器系统的一个离合器期间，至少一个另外的离合器完全分离。
将离合器的分离理解为离合器的完全断开。
借助于根据本发明的方法，通过电机处的精确的扭矩和转速信息能够检查离合器的调节精度，其方式为：经由离合器的驱动装置预设限定的离合器期望力矩并且将该力矩与电机的扭矩进行比较(在考虑到传动比和效率的情况下)。由此，能够识别调节精度中的偏差并且在软件一方(马达控制)采取适当的校正措施。此外，能够确定摩擦系数的改变，由此也能够探测到进入湿式离合器的润滑剂(油)中的水进入，因为在此产生摩擦系数变化曲线的具体变化。
也就是说，借助于根据本发明的方法，可行的是，借助电驱动器检查离合器的调节精度，而不需要附加的构件耗费。借助于根据本发明的方法，能够提高离合器的精度并且能够识别故障，尤其在湿式离合器中进入润滑剂如油中的水进入。因此，能够提高机动车的安全性，减少投诉，并且经由离合器的高的调节精度改善机动车的性能。
附图说明
下面参照附图示例性地描述本发明。
图1示出用于应用根据本发明的方法的构造的示意图。
图2示出具有“扭矩矢量控制”单元的电动的机动车轴的示意图。
图3示出在以具有根据图2的“扭矩矢量控制”单元的电动的机动车轴为例时根据本发明的方法的示意性的流程图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的用于检查离合器7、8的调节精度的方法在电动或混合动力机动车中应用并且在机动车停住时执行。能够应用该方法的电动或混合动力机动车具有至少一个电机2、离合器7、8和可保持固定的轴5、6(图1)。
在图2中示意性地示出“扭矩矢量控制”系统1。下面以在图2中示出的“扭矩矢量控制”系统1为例阐述根据本发明的方法的工作方式。然而，所述方法原则上能够用于所有的系统，在所述系统中通过电机2能够经由离合器7、8向着固定的轴5、6传动(图1)。
因此，执行根据本发明的方法的前提条件是驱动结构，其中通过作为驱动设备的电机2能够经由待检查的离合器7、8向着固定轴5、6传动。
在图2中示出的"扭矩矢量控制"系统1包括电机2，所述电机经由减速器3驱动有效地与电动或混合动力机动车的机动车轴4连接。机动车轴4例如能够是机动车的前轴或后轴并且具有两个侧轴5、6，即第一侧轴5和第二侧轴6，它们分别与机动车的至少一个车轮连接。
在减速器3和相应的侧轴5、6之间分别设置有离合器，即在减速器3和第一侧轴5之间的第一离合器7和在减速器3和第二侧轴6之间的第二离合器8。这两个离合器7、8构成为多片式离合器。第一侧轴5和第二侧轴6都能够经由机动车的运行制动器彼此无关地固定。因此，第一侧轴5和第二侧轴6构成为是可固定的。固定通常自动进行，即不需要机动车驾驶员的干预(图2)。
为了进一步阐述所述方法，仅描述对“扭矩矢量控制”系统1的这两个离合器7、8之一，即第一离合器7的检查(图3)。因此，待检查的离合器是第一离合器7。对第二离合器8的检查通过所述方法的适配于第二离合器8的类似应用来进行。
用于检查第一离合器7和/或第二离合器8的调节精度的方法能够在两个不同的变型形式中执行，即在第一变型形式(“静态的”变型形式)和第二变型形式(“动态的”变型形式)中执行。
在所述方法的“静态的”第一变型形式中，在停车时，第一侧轴5的运行制动器被自动操作从而将所述第一侧轴固定。同时，第二离合器8(非待检查的离合器)完全分离。然后，第一离合器7(待检查的离合器)被设置为所限定的期望力矩。为了求取电机2的直至第一离合器7第一次打滑的扭矩，接下来连续提高电机2的扭矩。将求取的扭矩在考虑减速器3的变速器传动比和损失的情况下与第一离合器7的期望力矩进行比较。如此能够识别到偏差(图2，图3)。
在所述方法的“动态的”第二变型形式中，在停车时，第一侧轴5的运行制动器被自动地操作从而将所述第一侧轴固定。同时，第二离合器8(非待检查的离合器)完全分离。然后，电机2被调节到所限定的转速，这在第一离合器7中引起差速。然后，将第一离合器7朝向所限定的期望力矩驱动。在此通过电机2待花费的扭矩为了保持所限定的转速恒定在考虑到减速器3的变速器传动比和损失的情况下与第一离合器7的所限定的期望力矩进行比较。从所述比较中能够求取偏差。经由所述方法的第二变型形式，也能够经由转速差来求取离合器特性(图2，图3)。
从借助于所述方法的第一变型形式和/或第二变型形式求取的偏差中能够在第一离合器7的不同的运行点处估计出于何种原因在第一离合器7的调节精度中引起误差(例如，磨损、润滑剂因磨粒或水进入被污染)。扭矩的比较是在软件一方经由电机2的马达控制装置进行。经由软件相应地对比较的结果做出反应并且例如使第一离合器7的离合器参数匹配于“新”状况或输出故障通知(图2，图3)。然而，所述比较也能够在软件一方经由另一安装在机动车中的控制单元来进行，所述控制单元例如是换流器控制单元、执行器控制单元等。
设定第一离合器7上的期望力矩经由第一离合器7的执行器单元进行。执行器单元例如能够电地、机电地、气动地或液压地构成。
尤其地，在湿式离合器7、8中应指出对进入润滑剂(在此例如是油)中的水进入的识别。油中的水会导致离合器7、8的摩擦系数和摩擦系数变化曲线关于差速发生明显并且具体的变化。如果在水进入的情况下(待检查的)离合器7、8的表现是已知的，那么通过根据本发明的方法能够识别由水引起的摩擦系数的变化并且也能够估计油中的水的量。如果已经探测到水进入，那么能够采取补救措施，以便防止对机动车司机造成危险或投诉并且再次建立离合器系统所需的调节精度。在软件一方，通过使所保存的离合器7、8的离合器特征曲线适应于变化的摩擦系数，能够实现补救。在硬件一方，一个可能的补救措施是换油。另一补救措施关于在图2中示出的系统能够在停车时在行驶制动器关闭的情况下有针对性地将离合器能量引入相应的离合器7、8中。这导致了油的加热从而导致油中的水蒸发。湿热的空气通过机动车的通风器逸出并且在油冷却后再次吸入含水量较少的冷空气，由此降低油中的水含量，而无需在工厂停留(图2，图3)。
附图标记列表
1“扭矩矢量控制”系统
2电机
3减速器
4机动车轴
5第一侧轴
6第二侧轴
7第一离合器
8第二离合器

Claims (2)

1.一种用于在电动或混合动力机动车处于停车状态时检查离合器(7，8)的调节精度的方法，其中所述电动或混合动力机动车具有至少一个电机(2)，并且其中待检查的离合器(7，8)设置在所述电机(2)和可保持固定的轴(5，6)之间的力流中，所述方法至少包括以下步骤：
-使轴(5，6)保持固定，
-在待检查的离合器(7，8)处设定所限定的期望力矩，
-连续地加速运行所述电机(2)，直到所述离合器(7，8)第一次打滑，
-将在所述电机(2)处达到的扭矩与在离合器(7，8)处预设的期望力矩进行比较，
或者所述方法至少包括以下步骤：
-使轴(5，6)保持固定，
-将所述电机(2)加速运行到所限定的转速，
-在待检查的离合器(7，8)处设定所限定的期望力矩，
-将所述电机(2)的对于要保持恒定的转速所需要的扭矩与在所述离合器(7，8)处所设定的期望力矩进行比较。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，所述离合器(7，8)是具有至少两个离合器(7，8)的离合器系统的一部分，其中所述离合器系统的每个离合器(7，8)借助于根据权利要求1所述的方法检查其调节精度，其中在检查所述离合器系统的一个离合器(7，8)期间，至少一个另外的离合器(7，8)完全分离。
CN202180036644.4A 2020-05-20 2021-04-21 在电动或混合动力机动车的停车状态中检查离合器的调节精度的方法 Pending CN115667746A (zh)

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