CN1129371C - 强化食品 - Google Patents

强化食品 Download PDF

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CN1129371C
CN1129371C CN99808499A CN99808499A CN1129371C CN 1129371 C CN1129371 C CN 1129371C CN 99808499 A CN99808499 A CN 99808499A CN 99808499 A CN99808499 A CN 99808499A CN 1129371 C CN1129371 C CN 1129371C
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calcium
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milk
calcium carbonate
newborn
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CN1309538A (zh
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C·R·马兰吉
A·A·舍尔
E·C·福赫斯
D·V·维德拉
E·R·维德拉尔
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Societe des Produits Nestle SA
Nestle SA
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/325Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/152Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
    • A23C9/1522Inorganic additives, e.g. minerals, trace elements; Chlorination or fluoridation of milk; Organic salts or complexes of metals other than natrium or kalium; Calcium enrichment of milk
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/152Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
    • A23C9/154Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives containing thickening substances, eggs or cereal preparations; Milk gels
    • A23C9/1544Non-acidified gels, e.g. custards, creams, desserts, puddings, shakes or foams, containing eggs or thickening or gelling agents other than sugar; Milk products containing natural or microbial polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Milk products containing nutrient fibres
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G1/00Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
    • A23G1/30Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
    • A23G1/56Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor making liquid products, e.g. for making chocolate milk drinks and the products for their preparation, pastes for spreading, milk crumb
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G3/362Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2200/00COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2210/00COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing inorganic compounds or water in high or low amount

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种强化食品,它含有用葡萄糖醛酸源稳定的强化量的乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物;及其制备方法,该方法包括混合乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物,添加葡萄糖醛酸源,和添加到该食品中。

Description

强化食品
本发明涉及一种强化食品,更具体地说涉及用钙强化食品。
钙为人们膳食中的一种重要元素,用于形成和保持足够骨质以及其它新陈代谢功能,如神经传导、血液凝结、适当的细胞功能和肌肉收缩。通常的做法是用钙源强化食品产品,该钙源在约中性pH下可溶或不可溶。目前用于强化的钙源中大多数在约中性pH下不溶或几乎不溶,例如碳酸钙、磷酸钙、柠檬酸钙或其它有机或无机酸钙盐,这将导致沉淀和白垩状口感。在约中性pH下可溶或基本上可溶的其它钙源如氯化钙、氢氧化钙和几种有机酸钙盐,它们与牛乳蛋白质反应,产生不受欢迎的凝聚和胶凝。
通常的做法还有,通过添加卡拉胶、果胶和/或其它树胶,稳定或减少钙和牛乳蛋白质在用钙源强化过的乳制饮料中的沉淀,但是这些物质赋予了牛乳不受欢迎的高粘度。例如凝聚和沉淀这类蛋白质失稳定的主要原因是系统中的自由钙离子。
特别希望有一钙源强化乳制饮料和其它乳基产品,其没有凝聚、胶凝和沉淀,而且可口性得到改善。
在待审的USSN08/822447中要求保护一种强化食品,它含有强化量的用葡萄糖醛酸源稳定的可溶性和不溶性盐平衡的钙盐混合物。可溶性钙盐的例子有乳酸钙和葡萄糖酸钙、甘油磷酸钙、氯化钙等。不溶性钙盐的例子有磷酸三钙、磷酸二钙、柠檬酸钙和碳酸钙。可溶性与不溶性盐的重量比可以为1∶3-3∶1,并优选1.5∶2.5-2.5∶1.5。但是,在使用柠檬酸钙和磷酸钙作为不溶性钙盐的强化奶试验的例子中,在将奶在冷藏条件下贮藏2个月的过程中,发生轻微的沉淀。同样,使用三种盐的混合物需要大量水,结果不得不调整奶固体,这将带来其它技术和设备问题(例如脱脂奶粉、液化器、泵、更多能量等)。最好是减少组分数以便在工厂中易于操作。还应说明的是,碳酸钙的费用比磷酸三钙(38.76%)和柠檬酸钙(24.12%)的混合物要低,并且碳酸钙中所含的钙更多(40.04%)。此外,我们发现,除非平衡混合物中的可溶性盐为乳酸钙,否则在该奶中将发现苦味和异味。
我们惊奇地发现,仅由用葡萄糖醛酸源稳定的可溶性乳酸钙和不溶性碳酸钙组成的平衡混合物能够强化乳制饮料和其它乳基产品。该钙强化奶可以经受热处理(巴氏灭菌、UHT巴氏灭菌和UHT杀菌、高压灭菌),并且在冷藏条件下贮藏2个月没有凝聚和沉淀。在该钙强化的奶中没有发现苦味或异味。
根据本发明,提供了一种强化食品,它含有强化量的用葡萄糖醛酸源稳定的乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物。
将这些组分单独或以混合物添加到牛乳基料中。然后在没有任意其它预处理(例如调整固形物)和预热处理的情况下将该奶经过超巴氏灭菌。
乳酸钙与碳酸钙的重量比可以为1∶2-3∶1,优选1∶1.7-1∶1.9。
该食品可以是奶或例如乳制饮料的乳基产品,如巧克力奶、糖果产品、冰淇淋,或例如果汁的其它饮料。如果需要的话,在该食品中可以存在其它矿物质或维生素。
以食品的重量计,该钙盐混合物在该强化食品中的量可以为0.05-5%,优选0.1-1%,更优选0.2-0.4wt%。
葡萄糖醛酸源可以是茄替胶,但是优选阿拉伯胶。以食品的重量计,阿拉伯胶在该强化食品中的量可以为0.05-2.5%,优选0.1-1.0%,更优选0.2-0.5wt%。尽管不希望受理论的约束,但是我们相信,在阿拉伯胶中的葡萄糖醛酸残基,通过离子键合帮助悬浮钙,而不会使粘度大大增加。
有利地,可以存在为λ-或ι-形式的卡拉胶,但是优选κ-卡拉胶。以食品重量计,卡拉胶在该强化食品中的存在量可以为0.005-0.1%,优选0.0075-0.05%,更优选0.01-0.03wt%。
可以通过混合乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物,添加葡萄糖醛酸源并将其添加到食品中,制备含有强化量的乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物和葡萄糖醛酸源的强化食品。
乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物和葡萄糖醛酸源可以含水悬浮液的形式或干粉形式添加。
如果需要的话,可以添加一碱性试剂调整该钙强化食品的pH。例如,可以将钙强化奶的pH调整到6.5-8.0,优选到6.8-7.0;可以将钙强化的乳基产品的pH调整到6.0-8.0,优选到6.5-7.0;可以将钙强化的冰淇淋产品的pH调整到6.0-7.2,优选到6.8-7.2;以及可以将钙强化饮料的pH调整到3.5-8.0,优选到5.5-6.5。可以使用任意食品级碱性试剂用于中和,包括但不限于氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铵、氢氧化镁、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾和碳酸氢钾。
有利地,可以将卡拉胶添加到该食品中,优选在将乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物添加到该食品中之前添加。还可以将该卡拉胶以含水悬浮液或干粉的形式添加到该食品中。
如果需要的话,可以将乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物、葡萄糖醛酸源以及供选择的卡拉胶混合在一起并以粉末加入。
实施例
以下实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
钙强化脱脂奶
(Ca水平:在8盎司一份量中50%RDA)
在液化器中搅拌下将16.5gκ-卡拉胶和275g阿拉伯胶慢慢地添加到11kg的脱脂奶中,高速混合5分钟。然后在搅拌下向该液化器中加入98kg的脱脂奶。
在搅拌下向带有卡拉胶和阿拉伯胶的该奶中添加126.5g乳酸钙五水合物、216.7g微粒化碳酸钙和110g柠檬酸钾,然后将该液化器的速度减慢。混合10分钟之后,用10%氢氧化钾溶液将该钙强化奶的pH调整到6.8-7.0。
将该奶预热到175°F,通过注射蒸汽在285°F下超高温(UHT)处理5秒钟,急速冷却到175°F,并在175°F和2500/500psi的压力下均质。将该奶冷却到40°F,无菌灌装到250mL Tetra Brik Aseptic包装袋(Tetra Pak Inc.,Chicago IL)中并在35-45°F的冰箱中贮藏10周。
10周后,由10人的品尝小组评价该产品,发现该奶稳定,没有沉淀或凝聚,且风味良好。
实施例2
钙强化的2%脂肪的巧克力奶
(Ca水平:在8盎司一份量中50%RDA)
在液化器中搅拌下将16.5gκ-卡拉胶和275g阿拉伯胶慢慢地添加到50kg的2%脂肪奶中,高速混合5分钟。然后在搅拌下向该液化器中加入47kg的2%脂肪奶。
在搅拌下向该奶中添加126.5g乳酸钙五水合物、216.7g微粒化碳酸钙、110g柠檬酸钾、283g脱脂奶粉、1.0kg可可粉、盐和香兰素的混合物以及10.6kg高果糖玉米糖浆。然后将该液化器的速度减慢,混合10分钟之后,用10%氢氧化钾溶液将该钙强化奶的pH调整到6.8-7.0。
将该奶预热到175°F,通过注射蒸汽在285°F下超高温(UHT)处理5秒钟,急速冷却到175°F,并在175°F和2500/500psi的压力下均质。将该奶冷却到40°F,无菌灌装到250mL Tetra Brik Aseptic包装袋(Tetra Pak Inc.,Chicago IL)中并在35-45°F的冰箱中贮藏10周。
10周后,由10人的品尝小组评价该产品,发现该奶稳定,没有沉淀或凝聚,且风味良好。
实施例3
含有矿物质和维生素的钙强化的2%脂肪奶
(Ca水平:在8盎司一份量中50%RDA)
在液化器中搅拌下将16.5gκ-卡拉胶和275g阿拉伯胶慢慢地添加到50kg的2%脂肪奶中,高速混合5分钟。然后在搅拌下向该液化器中加入59kg的2%脂肪奶。
在搅拌下向该奶中添加126.5g乳酸钙五水合物、216.7g微粒化碳酸钙、110g柠檬酸钾和42.6g矿物预混物(磷酸镁、氧化锌、碘化钾和硫酸锰一水合物)。将该液化器的速度减慢,混合10分钟之后,用10%氢氧化钾溶液将该钙强化奶的pH调整到6.8-7.0。然后在搅拌下添加13.6g维生素预混物(维生素A棕榈酸酯、维生素D、维生素E乙酸酯、维生素K、一硝酸硫胺、烟酰胺、维生素B6盐酸盐、维生素B12、泛酸钙、维生素H、核黄素)。
将该奶预热到175°F,通过注射蒸汽在285°F下超高温(UHT)处理5秒钟,急速冷却到175°F,并在175°F和2500/500psi的压力下均质。将该奶冷却到40°F,无菌灌装到250mL Tetra Brik Aseptic包装袋(Tetra Pak Inc.,Chicago IL)中并在35-45°F的冰箱中贮藏10周。
10周后,由10人的品尝小组评价该产品,发现该奶稳定,没有沉淀或凝聚,且风味良好。
实施例4
含有矿物质和维生素的钙强化的2%脂肪巧克力奶
(Ca水平:在8盎司一份量中50%RDA)
进行实施例2中所述相似的步骤,但是还使用16种矿物质和维生素。
将该奶预热到175°F,通过注射蒸汽在285°F下超高温(UHT)处理5秒钟,急速冷却到175°F,并在175°F和2500/500psi的压力下均质。将该奶冷却到40°F,无菌灌装到250mL Tetra Brik Aseptic包装袋(Tetra Pak Inc.,Chicago IL)中并在35-45°F的冰箱中贮藏10周。
10周后,由10人的品尝小组评价该产品,发现该奶稳定,没有沉淀或凝聚,且风味良好。
实施例5
钙强化的脱脂奶
(Ca水平:在8盎司一份量中50%RDA)
在液化器中搅拌下将0.165gκ-卡拉胶和2.75g阿拉伯胶慢慢地添加到110g的脱脂奶中,高速混合5分钟。然后在搅拌下向该液化器中加入980g的脱脂奶。
在搅拌下向带有卡拉胶和阿拉伯胶的该奶中添加1.265g乳酸钙五水合物、2.167g微粒化碳酸钙和1.10g柠檬酸钾,然后将该液化器的速度减慢。混合10分钟之后,用10%氢氧化钾溶液将该钙强化奶的pH调整到6.8-7.0。
将该奶预热到175°F并在2500/500psi的压力下均质,填充到125mL玻璃罐中,然后在250°F下高压灭菌3分钟,冷却并在室温下贮藏。
10周后,由5人的品尝小组评价该产品,发现该奶稳定,没有沉淀或凝聚。
对比实施例A
进行实施例1中所述相似的步骤,但是使用柠檬酸钙代替碳酸钙。
该奶在加工过程中是稳定的,但是在2-5℃下贮藏5周后,发生大量沉淀。
对比实施例B
进行实施例1中所述相似的步骤,但是使用氯化钙代替乳酸钙。
该奶非常苦且有异味。

Claims (13)

1.一种强化乳基制品,含有用葡萄糖醛酸源稳定的强化量的乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物,其中以乳基制品的重量计,乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物在乳基制品中的量为0.05-5wt%,且乳酸钙与碳酸钙的重量比为1∶2-3∶1。
2.如权利要求1的乳基制品,其中在乳基制品中可以存在其它矿物质或微生素。
3.如权利要求1的乳基制品,其中葡萄糖醛酸源为阿拉伯胶。
4.如权利要求3的乳基制品,其中以乳基制品的重量计,阿拉伯胶在该乳基制品中的量为0.05-2.5wt%。
5.如权利要求1的乳基制品,其中存在卡拉胶。
6.如权利要求5的乳基制品,其中以乳基制品的重量计,卡拉胶在该乳基制品中的量为0.005-0.1wt%。
7.一种制备含有强化量的乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物以及葡萄糖醛酸源的乳基制品的方法,该方法包括混合乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物,添加葡萄糖醛酸源,以及添加到乳基制品中,其中以乳基制品的重量计,乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物在乳基制品中的量为0.05-5wt%,且乳酸钙与碳酸钙的重量比为1∶2-3∶1。
8.如权利要求7的方法,其中以含水悬浮液或干粉的形式加入乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物以及葡萄糖醛酸源。
9.如权利要求7的方法,其中向乳基制品中加入卡拉胶。
10.如权利要求8的方法,其中向乳基制品中加入卡拉胶。
11.如权利要求9的方法,其中以含水悬浮液或干粉的形式将卡拉胶加入乳基食品中。
12.如权利要求10的方法,其中以含水悬浮液或干粉的形式将卡拉胶加入乳基食品中。
13.如权利要求7-12任意一种的方法,其中将乳酸钙和碳酸钙的平衡混合物、葡萄糖醛酸源和供选择的卡拉胶混合并以粉末加入。
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