CN112931491B - 一种大泷六线鱼精子低温保存液 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
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- A01N1/021—Preservation or perfusion media, liquids, solids or gases used in the preservation of cells, tissue, organs or bodily fluids
- A01N1/0221—Freeze-process protecting agents, i.e. substances protecting cells from effects of the physical process, e.g. cryoprotectants, osmolarity regulators like oncotic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0205—Chemical aspects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0205—Chemical aspects
- A01N1/021—Preservation or perfusion media, liquids, solids or gases used in the preservation of cells, tissue, organs or bodily fluids
- A01N1/0226—Physiologically active agents, i.e. substances affecting physiological processes of cells and tissue to be preserved, e.g. anti-oxidants or nutrients
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明属于精子低温保藏技术领域,具体涉及一种大泷六线鱼精子低温保存液。包括以下组分:以HBSS溶液为基础液,体积浓度为5%的乙二醇为低温保护剂,再添加牛血清蛋白、青霉素、链霉素制成;其中,HBSS溶液浓度为950μl/ml,乙二醇浓度为50μl/ml,牛血清蛋白浓度为1μl/ml、青霉素浓度为500IU/ml、链霉素浓度为500IU/ml。本发明提供了一种适用于大泷六线鱼精子低温(0‑4℃条件下)保存的稀释液,为大泷六线鱼良种选繁育和渔业生产提供技术支撑;该发明方法中的精子低温保存液可有效抑制精子活力,延长精子寿命,可满足大泷六线鱼良种选繁育对精子的需求。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于精子低温保藏技术领域,具体涉及一种大泷六线鱼精子低温保存液。
背景技术:
大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)又名欧式六线鱼,俗称黄鱼、黄棒子等,隶属于鲉形目(Scorpaeniformes)、六线鱼科(Hexagrammidae)、六线鱼属(Hexagrammos)。大泷六线鱼属近海冷温性底层鱼类,其肉味鲜美,有“北方石斑”之称。该鱼具有耐低温,生长迅速,肉质鲜嫩,适宜北方网箱和牧场养殖,具有极高的经济价值。近年来,随着其全人工繁育技术的突破,养殖规模不断扩大,但因其雌鱼怀卵量少,鱼卵极易粘结成团块状,其繁育过程仍以体外人工授精为主。目前,开展大泷六线鱼良种选繁育需在繁殖季节,运送成熟雄鱼至实验场地开展实验,运输成本高,且亲鱼在运输过程中容易死亡或因生长环境改变、营养不良导致性腺退化等问题,因此,筛选一种可低温保存大泷六线鱼精液的稀释液,用以延长精子的使用时效,不仅对其资种质资源保护具有重要意义,对大泷六线鱼良种选繁育也有重要的应用价值。
目前,精子低温保存技术在猪、羊、马等家禽上开展了大量研究,并成功应用。鱼类精子的低温保存仅针对鲇鱼、鲤鱼、鲢鱼、大菱鲆等少数鱼类开展过相关试验。低温保存成功的关键在于将精液适当的稀释,根据精子结构、生理特性,控制温度、稀释液离子来降低其代谢率,延长器体外存活时间。因为不同种生物精子的渗透压、细胞液离子浓度都不同,故所用稀释液没有统一的标准,需要大量的实验才可筛选得出。目前针对海水鱼类精子低温保存液的研究较少,仅赵燕等(2006)开展过大菱鲆的实验,且只延长存活时间到5h,效果十分一般。经文献检索,未见与本发明大泷六线鱼精子低温保存液及配方的报道。
发明内容:
本发明要解决的技术问题是目前开展大泷六线鱼良种选繁育需在繁殖季节,需要运送成熟雄鱼至实验场地开展实验,运输成本高,且亲鱼在运输过程中容易死亡或因生长环境改变、营养不良导致性腺退化,造成人力物力的损失。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种适用于大泷六线鱼精子低温(0-4℃条件下)保存液,为大泷六线鱼良种选繁育和渔业生产提供技术支撑;该发明方法中的精子低温保存液可有效抑制精子活力,延长精子寿命,可满足大泷六线鱼良种选繁育对精子的需求。
为达到上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案实现,一种大泷六线鱼精子低温保存液,包括以下组分:以HBSS溶液为基础液,体积浓度为5%的乙二醇为低温保护剂,再添加牛血清蛋白、青霉素、链霉素制成;其中,HBSS溶液浓度为950μl/ml,乙二醇浓度为50μl/ml,牛血清蛋白浓度为1μl/ml、青霉素浓度为500IU/ml、链霉素浓度为500IU/ml。
其中,
HBSS溶液作为低温保存液的基础溶液,主要作用是保持PH、维持渗透压,满足体外精子生存和代谢的基本需要的作用,同时稀释精子、营养剂、低温保护剂与抗生素浓度,以达到最优保存效果。其成分包括NaCl、KCl、KH2PO4、Na2HPO4、NaHCO3、CaCl2、MgCl2、MgSO4和葡萄糖。
牛血清蛋白(BSA)是牛血清中的一种球蛋白,包含583个氨基酸残基,是低温保存液的营养剂,主要是为游离精子提供营养和维持渗透压的作用,过多则会导致保存液营养过剩,容易滋生细菌,需要与基础溶液其最优浓度的确定需要不同浓度梯度实验的筛选。
青霉素和链霉素均有抗生素,其作用主要是预防细菌的滋生,两者合用具有比较好的协同作用。青霉素含有青霉烷,对革兰氏阳性菌有较强的抗菌作用,能够破坏细菌的细胞壁合成,让细菌破裂死亡,是一种繁殖期杀菌剂。链霉素一种氨基糖苷类抗生素,对革兰氏阴性杆菌有较强的抗菌作用,可以抑制细菌繁殖过程中的蛋白质合成,是一种静止期杀菌剂。两者合用能够起到更强的杀菌效果,为游离精子营造无菌环境。
乙二醇(EG)为低温保护剂,可以抑制精子代谢,减少降温过程中对精子的低温冲击,但因其可以进入精子胞内,使精子产生“收缩-膨胀”变化,造成损伤,故需要与基础溶液和营养剂配合,减少精子收缩与膨胀程度,降低乙二醇分子跨膜运动带来的损伤。因此其浓度对低温保存效果影响很大,需要开展低温保护剂与稀释液、营养剂组合实验筛选。发明采用HBSS溶液作为基础溶液,稀释乙二醇至5%浓度作为低温保护剂,大泷六线鱼精子低温保存效果突出,可有效延长体外精子的保存时间。
进一步的,精子与低温保存液的稀释比为1:50。精子从亲鱼体内排出体外后,失去了母体营养物质的供应,所需能量仅来源自精浆。稀释比例小则精液浓度高,粘度大、细菌有毒代谢物浓度等也会相应提高,导致精子活力变低;稀释比例过大则精子外环境其理化性质(pH和渗透压)会明显改变,精子形态结构易发生变化,降低活力。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)根据大泷六线鱼精子结构、渗透压的特点,通过不同基础液、营养剂、抗生素、保护剂、稀释比例的梯度试验得到了最适于大泷六线鱼的冷冻保护液组分及配比,适用于0-4℃条件下的低温保存,有效延长离体精子的保存时间至4d,且精子激活后活力较好。
(2)大泷六线鱼精子低温保存液的研发成功,有利于在生产实践中高效地保存更多优质精液,有效降低了不同地理群体大泷六线鱼杂交的成本,对其良种选繁育具有重要的应用价值。
具体实施方式:
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
2019年11月18日,在大泷六线鱼养殖车间,开展了大泷六线鱼精子低温保存实验,包括以下步骤:
(1)低温保存液的配制:配置10ml的低温保存液,其中9.5ml HBSS溶液,0.5ml乙二醇溶液,添加10μl牛血清蛋白,3.0mg青霉素钠(青霉素500IU/ml),0.5mg链霉素(链霉素500IU/ml)。配置好了,均分至5个5ml离心管中,每个离心管2ml低温保存液,置于4℃冰箱保存备用。
(2)精子采集:采取活体挤精的方式获得鲜精,将成熟雄鱼置于干燥纱布上,用毛巾捂住其头部,蒸馏水冲洗生殖孔至无尿液、黏液残留,纱布擦净,在腹部沿鱼头至鱼尾方向轻轻挤压,用吸管将精液吸入冻存管中,体积约3ml,置于冰盒中保存。
(3)质量检测:镜检大泷六线鱼精子密度,约为4.83×1012个/ml。选取镜检鲜精活力在85%以上的精液进行低温保存。
(4)分装:各吸取40μl大泷六线鱼精液至5个装有2ml低温保存液的离心管中,快速混合均匀,置于4℃冰箱保存。
(5)质量检测:每隔一天检测精子密度和活力,第3天精子密度为2.52×1010个/ml,鲜精活力在65.95%;第四天精子密度为1.08×1010个/ml,鲜精活力在41.26%。质量与活力仍可以达到受精要求。
对比实施例:
精子的采集:2018年11月,正值大泷六线鱼生殖期,从青岛沿海捕回40条大泷六线鱼亲鱼。采取活体挤精的方式获得鲜精,经显微镜镜检,选取鲜精活力在85%以上的精液开展低温保存试验。
(1)基础溶液与稀释比例的筛选
分别以任氏液、HBSS溶液、柠檬酸钠-甘氨酸溶液作为基础溶液,其中又设置精液与基础溶液1:10、1:20、1:50、1:100的稀释比例实验组,将精液与基础溶液均匀混合,精子悬浊液置于2ml的冻存管中,每管中保存1ml,置于4℃条件下保存,检测2h、12h、24h、48h后精子的激活运动率。结果表明以HBSS溶液作为基础液的实验组效果整体好于其他两个实验组。在稀释比例的筛选上,稀释比为1:50和1:100实验组保存效果明显好于其他几个实验组,综合考虑此技术应用应最高效地保存更多优质精液,故选择1:50作为最优稀释比。数据如下:
(2)营养剂与浓度的筛选
以HBSS溶液作为基础溶液,以牛血清蛋白、蛋黄液、葡萄糖、海藻糖为营养剂,设置不同的浓度梯度,具体见下表。精液与稀释液的比例为1:50,均匀混合,精子悬浊液置于2ml的冻存管中,每管中保存1ml,置于4℃条件下保存,检测2h、12h、24h、48h、72h后精子的激活运动率。结果表明,牛血清蛋白实验组好于其他两个实验组,其中1μl/ml浓度保存效果最好,且数值优于不添加的对照组。数据如下:
(3)抗生素与浓度的筛选
以HBSS溶液作为基础溶液,以1μl/ml牛血清蛋白为营养剂,设计不同浓度组合的青霉素、链霉素的抗生素梯度实验,具体见下表。精液与稀释液的比例为1:50,均匀混合,精子悬浊液置于2ml的冻存管中,每管中保存1ml,置于4℃条件下保存,检测2h、12h、24h、48h、72h后精子的激活运动率。结果表明,添加抗生素的实验组效果整体优于不添加的对照组,同时添加青霉素和链霉素的实验组明显好于分别添加青霉素和链霉素的实验组,其中,尤以添加500IU/ml青霉素和500IU/ml链霉素的实验组保存效果最好。数据如下:
(4)保护剂与浓度的筛选
目前,关于低温保护剂在低温保存过程中的作用研究较少,本次实验选择二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、乙二醇(EG)、甘油(Gly)、甲醇(MeOH)为保护剂分别开展种类与浓度的实验。实验设计以HBSS溶液作为基础溶液,以1μl/ml牛血清蛋白为营养剂,同时添加青霉素500IU/ml和链霉素500IU/ml作为抗菌剂,以不同浓度二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、乙二醇(EG)、甘油(Gly)、甲醇(MeOH)为抗冻保护剂,配置了24种低温保存液,具体见下表。精液与稀释液的比例为1:50,均匀混合,精子悬浊液置于2ml的冻存管中,每管中保存1ml,置于4℃条件下保存,检测2h、12h、24h、48h、72h后精子的激活运动率。结果表明,只有添加合适的低温保护剂才能提高保存效果。二甲基亚砜、甘油和甲醇实验组数据明显差于不添加保护剂的对照组,而乙二醇实验组保存效果明显优于对照组,可以有效延长大泷六线鱼精子的保存时间。其中5%浓度效果最优,大泷六线鱼游离精子保存3d后,精子激活率仍可达到65.95%。数据如下:
通过上面的几个实验可知,以HBSS溶液作为基础溶液,以1μl/ml牛血清蛋白为营养剂,同时添加青霉素500IU/ml和链霉素500IU/ml作为抗菌剂,以5%(V/V)EG作为保护剂,配置出的低温保存液,以1:50的稀释比来保存大泷六线鱼游离精子效果最好,3d后遇海水激活率可达到65.95%,其曲线速度、直线速度和路径速度分别为42.42μm/s、34.03μm/s和38.52μm/s。该实验组4d后观察海水激活率仍可达到41.26%。
Claims (1)
1.一种大泷六线鱼精子低温保存液,其特征在于,包括以下组分:以HBSS溶液为基础液,体积浓度为5%的乙二醇为低温保护剂,再添加牛血清蛋白、青霉素、链霉素制成;其中,HBSS溶液浓度为950μl/ml,乙二醇浓度为50μl/ml,牛血清蛋白浓度为1μl/ml、青霉素浓度为500IU/ml、链霉素浓度为500IU/ml;
精子与低温保存液的稀释比为1:50。
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