CN106818708B - 棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保护剂及其保存方法 - Google Patents
棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保护剂及其保存方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保存剂,为包含二甲亚砜和葡萄糖的水溶液,pH为7.5,渗透压为328mOsmol/Kg,每1升水溶液中含100毫升二甲亚砜和60.1克葡萄糖。本发明还公开了棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保存方法,将精液与冷冻保护剂等体积混合,灌装入麦管后平行放置在液氮面3‑5cm处停留8‑10分钟,然后直接投入液氮中保存。本发明的冷冻保存剂配制简单、成本低,而且只有两种不发生反应的成分,减轻了冷冻保存剂本身对精子的不良影响。而保存方法可以弥补目前棕点石斑鱼尚未有相关保存技术的不足。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石斑鱼类的精子冷冻保存剂,尤其涉及棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保护剂。同时,本发明还涉及棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保护保存方法。
背景技术
棕点石斑鱼是名贵海产鱼类,肉质鲜美,营养丰富,经济价值很高,其自然资源由于过度捕捞和环境破坏,已被世界自然保护联盟 (IUCN) 列为“易危”等级。为缓解捕捞压力和满足市场需求,我国广东、海南、福建等地大规模开展人工养殖,目前棕点石斑鱼已经成为南方重要的海水养殖鱼类。但在生产实践中,由于棕点石斑鱼雄鱼需要4~5年才能性成熟,且存在雌、雄亲鱼性成熟不同步的问题,不利于苗种的稳定供应,严重制约了养殖业的发展。
超低温冷冻保存技术是解决这一问题的有效手段。将性成熟的棕点石斑鱼雄鱼精液收集并超低温冷冻长期保存,根据生产需要随时使用,克服了雄鱼不足及雌雄性成熟不同步等问题,保障了苗种的供给。然而,迄今尚未见棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保存的研究报道,而且由于不同种鱼类精子的生理特性差别很大,利用已报道其它石斑鱼类的冷冻保护剂及方法保存棕点石斑鱼的精子效果并不理想。
超低温冷冻保存剂是决定保存效果的关键,目前主要是采用渗透性抗冻剂(甲醇、甘油、二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、乙二醇和丙二醇等)或非渗透性抗冻剂(海藻糖、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、羟乙基淀粉、白蛋白、抗冻蛋白、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等),与盐溶液(NaCl、Na2CO3、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4、MgCl2、MgSO4、KCl、CaCl2等)和营养液(氨基酸、维生素等)混合配制。然而,成分复杂的冷冻保存剂不仅配制困难、成本高,而且各成分之间还可能会发生反应,对精子有一定的毒性,反而影响了保存效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种成分简单有效的棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保存剂,解决目前采用成分复杂冷冻保存剂存在的毒性及配制难、成本高等问题。
本发明实现目的之一的技术方案如下:棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保存剂,为包含二甲亚砜和葡萄糖的水溶液,PH为7.5,渗透压为328mOsmol/Kg,每1升水溶液中含100毫升二甲亚砜和60.1克葡萄糖。
在本发明中,主要由渗透性抗冻剂二甲亚砜和非渗透性抗冻剂葡萄糖构成。葡萄糖为非渗透性抗冻剂,不能穿过细胞膜进入到精子内部,可以稳定细胞质膜,在细胞外降低溶质浓度,减少溶质损伤程度,在冷冻前就使细胞脱水而减少胞内冰晶形成。二甲亚砜为渗透性抗冻剂,可进入精子内部降低溶液冰点,防止大的冰晶形成,二者结合可提供良好的冷冻效果。
本发明的目的之二在于提供操作简单有效的棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保存方法,弥补目前棕点石斑鱼尚未有相关保存技术的不足。
本发明提供的棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保存方法,将精液与冷冻保护剂等体积混合,灌装入麦管后平行放置在液氮面3-5cm处停留8-10分钟,然后直接投入液氮中保存。所述精液与冷冻保护剂混合物冻存体积为0.25-0.5ml。
本发明所述保存方法还包括解冻步骤,在解冻时将冷冻在液氮中存有精子的麦管取出,30-40℃水浴6-20秒(s)。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下的优点:现有技术中的精子超低温冷冻保存剂成分复杂,不仅配制困难、成本高,而且各成分之间还可能会发生反应,对精子有一定的毒性,反而影响了保存效果。本发明将配方简单化,仅用一种渗透性抗冻剂二甲亚砜和一种非渗透性抗冻剂葡萄糖,而且没有使用任何盐溶液和营养剂,因此不仅配制简单、成本低,而且只有两种不发生反应的成分,减轻了冷冻保存剂本身对精子的不良影响,获得了较佳的保存效果。葡萄糖为非渗透性抗冻剂,不能穿过细胞膜进入到精子内部,可以能稳定细胞质膜,在细胞外降低溶质浓度,减少溶质损伤程度,在冷冻前就使细胞脱水而减少胞内冰晶形成。二甲亚砜为渗透性抗冻剂,可进入精子内部降低溶液冰点,防止大的冰晶形成;二者结合可提供良好的冷冻效果。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中不同冷冻保护剂的保存效果对比条形图。
图2是实施例1中不同液氮面高度的保存效果对比条形图。
图3是实施例1中不同冻存体积的保存效果对比条形图。
图4是实施例1中不同解冻温度及水浴时间的保存效果对比条形图。
图5是实施例1中用本发明冷冻保存的棕点石斑鱼精子和鲜精的受精率和孵化率的对比条形图。
具体实施方式
实验例1: 不同冷冻保护剂的对比实验
实验选用7种渗透性抗冻剂(甲醇MeOH、甘油Gly、二甲亚砜DMSO、二甲基甲酰胺DMF、二甲基乙酰胺DMA、乙二醇EG、丙二醇PG)和2种非渗透性抗冻剂(海藻糖Trehalose、葡萄糖Glu),配制成8种超低温冷冻保护剂(如图1)。每种保护剂中都含有0.3M的Glu,其它成分设三个浓度梯度5%、10%、15%,冷冻条件为平放距液氮面5cm的浮板上熏蒸10min,解冻条件为40℃水浴6秒。如图1结果所示,以解冻后的精子活力为依据,各冷冻保护剂提供了不同程度的抗冻保护作用,除“Trehalose+Glu”外,其余冷冻保护剂均在浓度10%提供最好的冷冻保护效果,“10%DMSO+0.3M Glu”的保护作用最为显著,解冻后精子活力达到了92.3±3.2%。
实验例2: 液氮面不同高度的对比实验
冷冻保护剂为10% DMSO+0.3MGlu,距液氮面冷冻高度设置为1,3,5,7,9cm,熏蒸时间为10min,解冻条件为40℃水浴6秒。如图2结果所示,冷冻高度为3cm和5cm、熏蒸时间为10min的精子解冻后活力分别为92.1±3.18%、90.7±2.3%,要远高于其它的处理组。
实验例3: 不同冻存体积的对比实验
冷冻保护剂为10% DMSO+0.3MGlu,距液氮面冷冻高度3cm,熏蒸时间10min,解冻条件为40℃水浴6秒。如图3所示,冻存体积0.5ml的处理组解冻后精子活力最高(93.1±0.7%),其次为冻存体积0.25ml的处理组(92.3±1.3%),随着冻存体积增大至2ml,解冻后精子活力也降至80.4±4.2%。
实验例4: 不同解冻温度及水浴时间的对比实验
冷冻保护剂为10% DMSO+0.3MGlu,距液氮面冷冻高度3cm,熏蒸时间10min,冻存体积0.5ml。解冻温度设置为25、30、40、50℃。如图4所示,30℃及40℃更有利于解冻后精子活力的恢复,在这两个解冻温度下的精子活力要显著高于25℃和50℃。40℃水浴6秒解冻的精子活力最高,为94.7±1.7%。
实验例5: 鲜精和解精受精率和孵化率对比实验
精子冷冻方案为以10% DMSO+0.3MGlu作为冷冻保护剂,距液氮面冷冻高度3cm熏蒸10min,冻存体积0.5ml。样品在液氮(-196℃)中保存一年后于40℃水浴6秒解冻用于人工授精。鲜精和冻精的精卵比均为2×105﹕1,受精后6小时在体视显微镜下统计受精卵的比例,孵化率则在受精后48小时幼苗孵出后进行统计。如图5所示,统计结果表明鲜精和冻精的受精率及孵化率不存在显著差异。
实施例1:
1. 超低温冷冻保护剂的配制:二甲亚砜100毫升,葡萄糖60.1克,超纯水定容至1升(PH=7.5,渗透压=328mOsmol/Kg)。
2. 采精:用丁香酚麻醉棕点石斑鱼性成熟雄鱼,擦干鱼体避免精子与海水接触,轻压腹部收集精液于5ml试管中。
3. 冷冻:将精液与冷冻保护剂等体积混合,灌装入0.5ml麦管,即冻存体积为0.5ml,然后在液氮面上3-5 cm处停留10分钟后直接投入液氮中保存。
4. 解冻:将冷冻在液氮中存有精子的麦管取出,40℃水浴6秒。
5. 保存效果检测:利用计算机辅助精子分析系统检测棕点石斑鱼精子解冻后的活力为90%以上,受精率和孵化率(91.6±2.7%,82.8±4.4%)接近鲜精(94.0±3.0%,88.2±3.9%)。
Claims (2)
1.一种棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保存剂,其特征是,为包含二甲亚砜和葡萄糖的水溶液,pH 为7.5,渗透压为328mOsmol/kg ,每1升水溶液中含100毫升二甲亚砜和60.1克葡萄糖。
2.采用权利要求1所述超低温冷冻保存剂的棕点石斑鱼精子超低温冷冻保存方法,其特征是,将精液与冷冻保护剂等体积混合,灌装入麦管后平行放置在液氮面3-5cm处停留8-10分钟,然后直接投入液氮中保存;所述精液与冷冻保护剂混合物冻存体积为0.25-0.5ml;还包括解冻步骤,在解冻时将冷冻在液氮中存有精子的麦管取出,30-40℃水浴6-20秒。
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