CN112931002A

CN112931002A - Rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock

Info

Publication number: CN112931002A
Application number: CN202110136053.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈贵虎
Original assignee: Chongqing Guozhiwang Gardening Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Guozhiwang Gardening Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-02-01
Filing date: 2021-02-01
Publication date: 2021-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-01
Also published as: CN112931002B

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid cultivation method of orange stocks, which comprises the following steps: cutting branches from healthy orange trees without diseases and insect pests, and cutting the branches into small cuttings with leaves; after the cut small cuttings are soaked and disinfected, washing the small cuttings with clear water and draining the water; quickly dipping the small cuttings which are subjected to the disinfection treatment and have just drained with water into the lower part of the small cuttings for 3-6 seconds, and then immediately cutting the small cuttings into a plug tray filled with a matrix; and (3) spraying water on the substrate in the plug tray before cuttage to enable the humidity of the substrate to be 70-85%, spraying water after cuttage, and managing after cuttage. The rapid cultivation method of the orange rootstock provided by the invention can be carried out at normal temperature and under common facilities, and has the advantages of extremely large rooting quantity, high propagation coefficient, rapid growth of transplanted seedlings and stable properties.

Description

Rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field, in particular to a rapid cultivation method of orange stocks.

Background

Citrus aurantium is a small tree of the genus Citrus of the family Rutaceae and grows well in alkaline soil. Branches usually have thick long spines, and young shoots and tender leaf stalks are often thinned and short. The leaf is thick paper, the winged leaf is in an inverted oval shape, the top is round or blunt, the base is gradually narrowed and becomes wedge-shaped, the leaf is oval or needle-shaped, the base is round or blunt, the flower grows in the axilla, the flower has sagging property, and the pedicel is short; calyx shaped; the petals are white, and the fruits are oblate or approximate to pear shapes; multiple seeds, broad egg shape, full, single or multiple embryos. Flowering in 4-5 months and picking fruits in 10-11 months.

In recent years, due to the rapid development of hybrid citrus in China, the citrus aurantium also becomes a stock variety which is very popular with fruit growers. At present, the orange is bred by seeds almost and cuttage breeding is carried out in a certain place.

However, orange seeds are easy to be infected with orange diseases in seedling stage and have large variability, so that the orange seeds are not beneficial to popularization of some excellent strains, and common cutting breeding has low propagation coefficient, less rooting, less fibrous roots and poor growth after transplantation.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a rapid cultivation method of orange stocks, so as to solve the problems of low propagation coefficient, less rooting, less fibrous root and poor growth after transplanting in the prior art of common cutting propagation.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a rapid cultivation method of orange rootstocks comprises the following steps:

1) preparing a fragrant orange material: cutting branches from healthy orange trees without diseases and insect pests, and cutting the branches into small cuttings with leaves;

2) and (3) disinfection of cutting slips: after the cut small cuttings are soaked and disinfected, washing the small cuttings with clear water and draining the water;

3) cuttage: quickly dipping the small cuttings which are subjected to the disinfection treatment and have just drained with water into the lower part of the small cuttings for 3-6 seconds, and then immediately cutting the small cuttings into a plug tray filled with a matrix; spraying water on the substrate in the plug tray before cuttage to enable the humidity of the substrate to be 70-85%, and spraying water after cuttage to enable the small cuttings to be in full contact with the substrate;

4) and (3) management after cuttage:

after cuttage and before rooting, intermittent spray moisturizing is adopted, and micro-spray is utilized to keep the substrate moist and air humidity; appropriately shading or covering the film according to weather conditions; the film is covered for heat preservation in winter, and the shading net is used for shading treatment in summer, late spring and early autumn;

before the young shoots grow, spraying and treating with a foliar nutrient solution every day, and controlling the humidity of the matrix to be 75-85% and the humidity of the air to be 85-95%;

after rooting, when young shoots grow out, spraying and treating with a foliar nutrient solution every two days, and controlling the humidity of the matrix to be 50-70% and the humidity of air to be 75-85%;

when young shoots grow 8-12 cm, controlling the water and fertilizer of the matrix to promote the young shoots to be mature, and transplanting the young shoots into a field after the young shoots are lignified.

Preferably, in the step 1), the branches cut from the orange trees are newly-aged and lignified shoots; the length of the small cuttings is 5-8 cm, 2-4 buds are planted on each branch, leaves are reserved for terminal buds, leaf stalks are reserved for lower buds, the cut of the lower buds is 0.4-0.6 cm away from the base of the buds, and the small cuttings are obtained by obliquely cutting at 60 degrees.

Preferably, in the step 2), the difenoconazole is soaked for 3-6 minutes by using a disinfectant, the disinfectant is obtained by diluting difenoconazole containing 10% of water dispersible granules with water, and the dilution solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 800.

preferably, in the step 3), the rooting solution comprises potassium indolebutyrate, sodium naphthylacetate and water, wherein the weight ratio of potassium indolebutyrate to sodium naphthylacetate to water is 1: 0.25: 1250; when the potassium indolebutyrate and the sodium naphthaleneacetate are used, the potassium indolebutyrate and the sodium naphthaleneacetate are firstly dissolved by alcohol.

Preferably, in step 3), the plug adopts a standard plug with 72 plugs, the depth of the standard plug is 11cm, the standard plug is disinfected and washed by 5% sodium hypochlorite, and the standard plug is arranged in a substrate after being dried.

Preferably, in step 3), the formula of the matrix is perlite: vermiculite: grass carbon 1: 1: 1, the diameter of the perlite is 1-3 mm; the diameter of the vermiculite is 2-4 mm; the grass carbon is high-quality grass carbon; the matrix is mixed evenly according to the volume ratio and kept dry before being filled into the plug tray.

Preferably, in the step 3), the plug tray filled with the substrate is subjected to water spraying treatment 2 hours before cuttage, so that the humidity of the substrate reaches 80%; and after the cuttage is finished, performing water spraying treatment for 3-6 minutes.

Preferably, in step 4), the foliar nutrient solution is configured as follows: 1g/80kg of potassium indolebutyrate water, 1g/50kg of sodium naphthaleneacetate water, 1g/1000g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate water and 1g/1000g of urea water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1, and mixing the components in the ratio of 1.

Preferably, in step 4),

after cuttage and before rooting, the intermittent spray moisturizing specifically comprises the following steps: sprinkling for 5 minutes every 2-3 hours in the daytime and 5 minutes in the morning and at night;

before the young shoots grow, spraying and treating the young shoots with a foliar nutrient solution for 2 times every day, wherein each time lasts for 3-6 minutes;

and after rooting, when young shoots grow out, spraying the foliar nutrient solution for 1 time every two days, and 3-6 minutes every time.

Preferably, the orange tree is a senyang orange tree; the whole cultivation process is carried out in a steel pipe arched shed, the span of the steel pipe arched shed is 7-9 m, the shed shoulder height is 1.5-2 m, and the roof height is 2.8-3.2 m; in winter, 8 silk films are covered on the shed top; in summer, a sunshade net with shading rate of 70-80% is replaced; and the inverted micro-spray is arranged in the shed, when the water spray treatment is needed, the inverted micro-spray is utilized for treatment, and the temperature in the shed is between 15 and 30 ℃, preferably between 20 and 26 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the rapid cultivation method of the orange rootstock provided by the invention can be carried out at normal temperature and under common facilities, and has the advantages of extremely large rooting quantity, high propagation coefficient, rapid growth of transplanted seedlings and stable character;

(2) the common greenhouse can be adopted, the cost is low, the effect is not influenced, and the transplanting is facilitated by utilizing the hole trays;

(3) the perlite, the vermiculite and the grass carbon are utilized, so that the preparation is convenient and the cost is low; good water and air permeability, good moisturizing effect and quick rooting.

Detailed Description

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

The invention provides a rapid cultivation method of orange stocks, which comprises the following steps:

1. preparing an arch shed: a common steel pipe arched shed is adopted, the span is 8m, the shed shoulder height is 1.5-2 m, and the roof height is about 3 m. The upper surface of the sunshade is covered with 8 silk films in winter, and the sunshade net with shading rate of about 75 percent is changed in summer. The inverted micro-spraying is arranged in the shed (if the inverted micro-spraying is not needed, water is sprayed frequently by a sprayer, the inverted micro-spraying is arranged, the labor is reduced, the spraying is uniform, the freshness of the cuttings can be kept, and the temperature in the suspended shed is kept between 15 and 30 ℃, and the optimal temperature is between 20 and 26 ℃.

2. The rapid propagation matrix formula and preparation: the formula of the matrix is as follows: perlite: vermiculite: grass carbon 1: 1: 1. the diameter of the perlite is 1-3 mm, the diameter of the vermiculite is 2-4 mm, and the grass carbon is high-quality grass carbon. The substrate is mixed uniformly according to the proportion for standby before cuttage, and the substrate does not get wet before use. The substrate has strong water retention, good water permeability and air permeability, and certain nutrients, and is beneficial to rooting and sprouting.

3. Preparing a rooting solution: 1g of potassium indolebutyrate and 0.25g of sodium naphthaleneacetate are mixed with 1.25kg of water and soaked for 5s quickly, the potassium indolebutyrate and the sodium naphthaleneacetate are dissolved by alcohol when in use, and the water is heated if the temperature is low. The high-concentration rooting solution is mainly used for quickly dipping cuttings, is short in time and saves manpower.

4. Preparing a leaf surface nutrient solution: 1g/80kg of potassium indolebutyrate, 1g/50kg of water, 1g/1000g of sodium naphthaleneacetate, 1g/1000g of monopotassium phosphate and 1g/1000g of urea. The nutrient solution has simple preparation, low cost and good use effect.

5. Preparing a mat disc: using a standard aperture disk with the depth of 11cm and adopting 72 apertures, disinfecting and washing the aperture disk by using 5% sodium hypochlorite, drying the aperture disk, then loading the prepared substrate, moving the substrate into a common shed, and placing the substrate in order for later use. The mat tray has large depth, rich rooting and good growth after transplantation.

6. And (3) rapid propagation time: can be carried out all the year round. In winter and early spring, the film needs to be covered, and in summer and autumn, the sunshade net needs to be covered. The film covering and the sunshade net are not needed in other seasons. The best is autumn, winter and early spring, and strong seedlings can grow in spring.

7. Preparing a fragrant orange material: the method comprises the steps of collecting branches on a tree which grows in a healthy shape and has no diseases and insect pests, cutting the newly-aged (lignified) young shoots into best branches, cutting the young shoots into small cuttings with leaves, wherein the length of each cutting is 5-8 cm, 2-4 buds are arranged on each branch, leaves are reserved for terminal buds, only leaf stalks are reserved for lower buds, and the cutting opening of the lower buds is about 0.5cm away from the base of the buds and is obliquely cut at 60 degrees. The leaf can produce photosynthetic product before rooting to promote root growth and germination.

8. And (3) disinfection of cutting slips: and (3) soaking the cut branches in 1g/800g of difenoconazole (10% water dispersible granule) solution for 5 minutes, taking out, washing with clear water, and draining.

9. Cuttage: and (4) dipping the fresh branches which are just drained after the disinfection treatment into the lower part of the fresh branches for 5s by using the prepared rooting liquid, and then immediately carrying out cuttage. 2 hours before cuttage, water is sprayed to the mat tray with the matrix in the shed by micro-spraying, and the humidity of the matrix reaches about 80%. During cutting, the top bud and the upper leaf are left outside, and water is sprayed for 5 minutes after cutting, so that the cutting strips are fully contacted with the matrix.

10. And (3) management after cuttage: after cuttage and before rooting, intermittent spray is adopted for moisturizing, and micro-spray is utilized for keeping the substrate moist and air humidity so as to avoid the water loss of the leaves. And (3) sprinkling for 5 minutes every 2-3 hours in the daytime in a sunny day, and sprinkling for one time in the morning and at night. Shading or covering film is suitable according to weather conditions. The film is not needed to be covered in early spring and late autumn, the film is needed to be covered for heat preservation in winter, and the sun-shading net is needed to be used for shading in summer, late spring and early autumn. The prepared foliar nutrient solution was sprayed 2 times a day in the first 1 month (before sprouting) to provide foliar nutrition. After rooting, when young shoots grow out, spraying foliar nutrient solution every two days, and properly controlling the moisture of the matrix (the water content is about 60 percent) to promote the growth of root systems. When the young shoots are 10cm, the fertilizer and water are properly controlled to promote the young shoots to be mature, and the young shoots can be transplanted into a field after the matrix of the young shoots is lignified. The principle is that the humidity is ensured in the early stage, and the blades can produce nutrition by spraying nutrient solution (containing rooting agent) to promote rooting and sprouting; and the roots and the sprouts are tidy.

The following specific examples are provided to specifically explain the rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock provided by the present invention:

example 1

1. Preparing an arch shed: a common steel pipe arched shed is adopted, the span is 8m, the shed shoulder height is 1.5-2 m, and the roof height is about 3 m. Covering 8 silk films on the upper surface of the greenhouse in winter, and installing inverted micro-sprays in the greenhouse; the temperature in the hanging shed is kept between 20 and 26 ℃.

2. The rapid propagation matrix formula and preparation: the formula of the matrix is as follows: perlite: vermiculite: grass carbon 1: 1: 1. the diameter of the perlite is 1-3 mm, the diameter of the vermiculite is 2-4 mm, and the grass carbon is high-quality grass carbon. The substrate is mixed uniformly according to the proportion for standby before cuttage, and the substrate does not get wet before use.

3. Preparing a rooting solution: 1g of potassium indolebutyrate and 0.25g of sodium-naphthylacetate are mixed with 1.25kg of water and quickly soaked for 5s, and the potassium indolebutyrate and the sodium naphthylacetate are dissolved by alcohol when used.

4. Preparing a leaf surface nutrient solution: 1g/80kg of potassium indolebutyrate, 1g/50kg of sodium naphthaleneacetate, 1g/1000g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g/1000g of urea for later use.

6. And (3) rapid propagation time: the method can be carried out all the year round, and the embodiment specifically selects winter, and needs film covering treatment at the moment.

7. Preparing a fragrant orange material: branches are taken from a healthy and disease-and-pest-free Ziyang orange tree, the best young shoots which are just aged (lignified) are cut, the young shoots are cut into small cuttings with leaves, the length of each cutting is 5-8 cm, 2-4 buds are cut per branch, leaves are reserved for terminal buds, only leaf stalks are reserved for lower buds, and the cut of the lower buds is about 0.5cm away from the base parts of the buds and is obliquely cut at 60 degrees.

10. And (3) management after cuttage: after cuttage and before rooting, intermittent spray is adopted for moisturizing, and micro-spray is utilized to keep the humidity of the matrix to be about 80% and the air humidity to be about 90%, so that the water loss of the leaves is avoided. And (3) sprinkling for 5 minutes every 2-3 hours in the daytime in a sunny day, and sprinkling for one time in the morning and at night. Shading or covering film is suitable according to weather conditions. In early spring, shading or film covering is not needed, and in winter, film covering and heat preservation are needed. The prepared foliar nutrient solution was sprayed 2 times a day in the first 1 month (before sprouting) to provide foliar nutrition. Generally, the rooting starts in 7-10 days, the rooting rate reaches 95% after 15 days, after the rooting and young shoots grow, foliar nutrient solution is sprayed every two days, the moisture of a matrix is properly controlled to be about 60%, the air humidity is about 80% to promote the root system to grow, 5-15 young shoots are planted in each branch, more than 8 young shoots are used, the number of the young shoots is 82%, most of the young shoots are lateral roots, when the young shoots are 10cm, the fertilizer water is properly controlled to promote the young shoots to age, the young shoots can be transplanted into a field after the young shoots are lignified, the transplanting qualified rate is 95.2%, and the emergence rate is high and reaches about 97%.

Example 2

1. Preparing an arch shed: a common steel pipe arched shed is adopted, the span is 8m, the shed shoulder height is 1.5-2 m, and the roof height is about 3 m. A sunshade net with shading rate of about 75 percent is covered on the summer. Installing an inverted micro-spray in the shed; the temperature in the hanging shed is kept between 20 and 26 ℃.

3. Preparing a rooting solution: 1g of potassium indolebutyrate and 0.25g of sodium-naphthylacetate are mixed with 1.25kg of water and quickly soaked for 5s, and the potassium indolebutyrate and the sodium-naphthylacetate are dissolved by alcohol when used.

6. And (3) rapid propagation time: in summer, shading is required.

10. And (3) management after cuttage: after cuttage and before rooting, intermittent spray is adopted for moisturizing, and micro-spray is utilized to keep the humidity of the matrix to be about 80% and the air humidity to be about 90%, so that the water loss of the leaves is avoided. And (3) sprinkling for 5 minutes every 2-3 hours in the daytime in a sunny day, and sprinkling for one time in the morning and at night. Shading or covering film is suitable according to weather conditions. The prepared foliar nutrient solution was sprayed 2 times a day in the first 1 month (before sprouting) to provide foliar nutrition. The roots start to grow after about 5 days generally, the rooting rate reaches 98% after 10 days, after the roots grow, the foliar nutrient solution is sprayed every two days when young shoots grow out, the substrate humidity is properly controlled to be about 65%, and the air humidity is controlled to be about 85%, so that the growth of the roots is promoted. When young shoots are 10cm, fertilizer and water are properly controlled, the young shoots are promoted to be aged, the young shoots can be transplanted into a field after lignification of young shoot matrixes, the transplanting rate reaches 96.3%, the emergence rate is high, root diseases do not exist, the young shoots grow fast after transplantation, and the survival rate is high and can reach about 96%.

Example 3

The current common cutting method of the orange rootstock comprises the following steps: the method is mainly carried out in winter or early spring, mature spring tips, summer tips and autumn tips are selected as cutting slips, the cutting slips are cut into cutting slips with the length of 15-20 cm, leaves are not left, the cutting slips are inserted into sterilized fine river sand, the water content of the river sand is about 60%, the river sand is made into a cutting chamber with the width of 1.5m and the length of about 10m, 1 bud is left on the cutting chamber during cutting, cutting is carried out according to the density of the row spacing of 15cm and the plant spacing of 2cm, then white mulching films are used for tiling and moisturizing, and arch shed covering is carried out. Typically, germination begins after 20 days, rooting begins after 30 days, and transplantation begins after 60 days. The rooting rate is about 82%, but the roots are mostly straight roots and have small rooting amount, each cutting takes root 2-5 pieces with more than 3 pieces, the transplanting survival rate is 76%, and the seedlings do not grow well after being transplanted.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A rapid cultivation method of orange rootstocks is characterized by comprising the following steps:

4) and (3) management after cuttage:

2. The rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the branches cut on the orange tree are newly-aged and lignified shoots; the length of the small cuttings is 5-8 cm, 2-4 buds are planted on each branch, leaves are reserved for terminal buds, leaf stalks are reserved for lower buds, the cut of the lower buds is 0.4-0.6 cm away from the base of the buds, and the small cuttings are obtained by obliquely cutting at 60 degrees.

3. The rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the orange rootstock is soaked in a disinfectant for 3-6 minutes, the disinfectant is prepared by diluting difenoconazole containing 10% of water dispersible granules with water, and the dilution solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 800.

4. the rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the rooting solution comprises potassium indolebutyrate, sodium naphthaleneacetate and water, wherein the weight ratio of potassium indolebutyrate, sodium naphthaleneacetate and water is 1: 0.25: 1250; when the potassium indolebutyrate and the sodium naphthaleneacetate are used, the potassium indolebutyrate and the sodium naphthaleneacetate are firstly dissolved by alcohol.

5. The rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the hole tray adopts a standard hole tray with 72 holes, the hole depth is 11cm, the standard hole tray is sterilized and washed by 5% sodium hypochlorite, and the standard hole tray is placed into a substrate after being dried.

6. The rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the formula of the matrix is perlite: vermiculite: grass carbon 1: 1: 1, the diameter of the perlite is 1-3 mm; the diameter of the vermiculite is 2-4 mm; the grass carbon is high-quality grass carbon; the matrix is mixed evenly according to the volume ratio and kept dry before being filled into the plug tray.

7. The rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the plug tray filled with the substrate is sprayed with water 2 hours before cuttage, so that the humidity of the substrate reaches 80%; and after the cuttage is finished, performing water spraying treatment for 3-6 minutes.

8. The rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the configuration of the foliar nutrient solution is as follows: 1g/80kg of potassium indolebutyrate water, 1g/50kg of sodium naphthaleneacetate water, 1g/1000g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate water and 1g/1000g of urea water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1, and mixing the components in the ratio of 1.

9. The rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock according to claim 1, wherein, in the step 4),

after cuttage and before rooting, the intermittent spray moisturizing specifically comprises the following steps: covering a shed of the sunshade net in summer, and carrying out spray irrigation on clear water for 5 minutes every 2-3 hours in sunny days and carrying out spray irrigation for 5 minutes in the morning and at night; spraying the nutrient solution on the leaf surface 2-4 times every day in cloudy days, and not spraying in rainy days;

10. The rapid cultivation method of orange rootstock according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the orange tree is a senyang orange tree; the whole cultivation process is carried out in a steel pipe arched shed, the span of the steel pipe arched shed is 7-9 m, the shed shoulder height is 1.5-2 m, and the roof height is 2.8-3.2 m; in winter, 8 silk films are covered on the shed top; in summer, a sunshade net with shading rate of 70-80% is replaced; and the inverted micro-spray is arranged in the shed, when the water spray treatment is needed, the inverted micro-spray is utilized for treatment, and the temperature in the shed is between 15 and 30 ℃, preferably between 20 and 26 ℃.