CN112839971A - 组合物和由其制造的散热片 - Google Patents

组合物和由其制造的散热片 Download PDF

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CN112839971A
CN112839971A CN202080005643.9A CN202080005643A CN112839971A CN 112839971 A CN112839971 A CN 112839971A CN 202080005643 A CN202080005643 A CN 202080005643A CN 112839971 A CN112839971 A CN 112839971A
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朴孝淳
程在植
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Abstract

本公开内容提供了具有优异的热导率和绝缘特性并且易于处理的组合物和由其制造的热辐射片。根据本公开内容的一个实施方案的组合物包含导热填料、增塑剂、丙烯酸、和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体。

Description

组合物和由其制造的散热片
技术领域
本公开内容要求于2019年7月10日向韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2019-0082964号的优先权和权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
本公开内容涉及组合物和由其制造的热辐射片。具体地,本公开内容涉及具有优异的绝缘特性的组合物和由其制造的热辐射片。
背景技术
近来,由于由电子装置的高输出而引起的热密度增加,针对热辐射的对策变得越来越重要。特别地,随着对电动车辆的需求增加,需要用于对安装在电动车辆中的高容量电池进行高效热辐射的手段。
为了减少由于电池过热而引起的热问题,重要的是将装置中产生的热快速地传递至散热体(例如,冷却介质或壳体)以防止对周围构件产生不利影响,并且通常将金属散热体例如铝或铜附接至装置。
然而,为了散热体与电子装置之间的有效热辐射和冷却,热辐射构件是必要的。导热片通常被用作热辐射构件,并且已被广泛用于将散热器(冷却构件)、热辐射片、冷却板等结合至电子装置以有效地冷却或辐射在装置内部产生的热。因此,需要导热片具有高热导率和足够的柔性。
同时,在附接金属散热体的情况下,由于金属通常是导电的,因此在很多情况下还要求热辐射构件具有电绝缘性以防止对冷却介质或壳体的短路引起的问题。
然而,由于一般的导热性丙烯酸类片在实现高绝缘性方面具有限制,因此需要开发具有优异的热导率和绝缘性的新的导热片。
发明内容
技术问题
本公开内容所要解决的技术问题是提供具有优异的热导率、绝缘特性并且易于处理的组合物和由其制造的热辐射片。
技术方案
根据本公开内容的一个方面,提供了这样的组合物,其包含:导热填料、增塑剂、丙烯酸、和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,其中基于100重量份的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,丙烯酸以0.3重量份至0.5重量份的量包含在内。
根据本公开内容的另一个方面,提供了热辐射片,所述热辐射片包含所述组合物的固化产物并且具有2*1013Ω/□至6*1013Ω/□的表面电阻。
有益效果
根据本公开内容的热辐射片具有优异的热导率并且当应用于电池时,可以具有优异的热辐射性能和绝缘特性,从而防止由于电池过热而引起的诸如爆炸的问题发生。此外,根据本公开内容的热辐射片因为由于其低硬度而可以以卷形式缠绕而易于处理。
具体实施方式
在本说明书中,除非明确相反地描述,否则“包含”任何组分将理解为暗指包括另外的组分而不是排除另外的组分。
在下文中,将更详细地描述本公开内容。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案的组合物包含导热填料、增塑剂、丙烯酸、和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,其中基于100重量份的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,丙烯酸以0.3重量份至0.5重量份的量包含在内。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,导热填料可以用于在由组合物制造的热辐射片中实现高水平的热导率,并且可以在组合物中均匀地分散并使用。
此外,导热填料可以以粉末或颗粒的形式使用,并且颗粒的形状可以为多边形、椭圆形、球形、针式、板式、或片式。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,导热填料可以以两种或更多种不同的颗粒尺寸使用。具体地,可以一起使用较大尺寸的颗粒和较小尺寸的颗粒。较大尺寸的颗粒的直径可以各自为8μm至30μm、或10μm至20μm,较小尺寸的颗粒的直径可以各自为0.5μm至5μm、或1.5μm至5μm。较大尺寸的颗粒可以增加填充率并使其加工性优异。较小尺寸的颗粒可以具有防止沉降和改善内聚力的效果。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,导热填料可以为以下中的一者或更多者:氢氧化铝、铝氧化物、硼氮化物、铝氮化物、镁氧化物、氢氧化镁、碳酸镁、钛氧化物、锌氧化物、硅碳化物和石英。优选地,就阻燃性和经济性而言,可以使用氢氧化铝作为导热填料。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,基于100重量份的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,导热填料可以以500重量份至1000重量份、600重量份至900重量份、或700重量份至850重量份的量包含在内。如果导热填料在以上范围内包含在内,则包含所述组合物的固化产物的热辐射片可以具有足够的热导率和柔性。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,可以在组合物中包含增塑剂以改善热辐射片的柔性。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,增塑剂的粘度可以为10cp至450cp、20cp至450cp、或20cp至430cp。如果使用具有在以上范围内的粘度的增塑剂,则通过适当地调节组合物的粘度,在制造片的过程中的涂覆特性可以是优异的。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,增塑剂可以为以下中的一者或更多者:偏苯三酸三乙基己酯、偏苯三酸三异壬酯、和己二酸二异壬酯。优选地,增塑剂可以为己二酸二异壬酯。
根据本公开内容的一个示例性实施方案,增塑剂的沸点可以为200℃至450℃、210℃至420℃、或210℃至310℃。如果增塑剂的沸点在以上范围内,则即使将包含所述组合物的固化产物的热辐射片长时间暴露于高温,增塑剂也可以不容易蒸发,并因此可以防止片的固化,从而保持优异的粘合性和热性能。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,基于100重量份的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,增塑剂可以以30重量份至80重量份、40重量份至60重量份。或40重量份至55重量份的量包含在内。如果增塑剂以在以上范围内的量包含在内,则增塑剂在赋予热辐射片足够的柔性的同时可以不过度降低组合物的粘度,并且即使当长时间储存时,也可以防止渗出(其中增塑剂泄漏的现象)的发生。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,可以将丙烯酸添加至组合物以使组合物的粘度降低最小化,保持热辐射片的热导率和柔性,并且改善电绝缘性而不损害工艺稳定性。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,基于100重量份的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,丙烯酸以0.3重量份至0.5重量份、0.33重量份至0.5重量份、或0.33重量份至0.4重量份的量包含在内。如果组合物以在以上范围内的量包含丙烯酸,则可以制造具有低热阻、高热导率、高表面电阻、优异绝缘特性、低介电常数和高保留率的热辐射片。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体可以通过被添加至组合物中来用作粘结剂。具体地,可以包含(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体以使组合物中包含的其他组分例如导热填料和增塑剂彼此粘结。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体可以包括其中烷基具有1至15个碳原子或者7至15个碳原子的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体可以包括以下中的一者或更多者:(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸新戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异壬酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯和(甲基)丙烯酸十四烷基酯。优选地,(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体可以为(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体可以具有-100℃或更高且0℃或更低的玻璃化转变温度,以及200℃或更高且300℃或更低的沸点。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案的组合物可以为可光固化的组合物,并且可以包含光引发剂和光固化剂。光引发剂用于通过经由光照射期间的光产生自由基来引发固化反应,以及光固化剂用于通过使组合物固化来改善固化产物的机械强度和稳定性。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案的组合物还可以包含以下中的一者或更多者:偶联剂、抗氧化剂、金属减活剂、阻燃剂、增粘剂、沉淀抑制剂、触变剂、表面活性剂、消泡剂、着色剂和抗静电剂。
根据本公开内容的另一个实施方案的热辐射片包含根据本公开内容的组合物的固化产物并且具有2*1013Ω/□至6*1013Ω/□的表面电阻。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,热辐射片可以包含根据本公开内容的组合物的光固化产物。具体地,热辐射片可以包含通过使用波长为100nm至400nm、300nm至400nm、或315nm至400nm的紫外光源用5mW/cm2至7mW/cm2的UV光照射根据本公开内容的组合物10分钟而固化的光固化产物。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,热辐射片的表面电阻可以为2*1013Ω/□至6*1013Ω/□、2*1013Ω/□至5.5*1013Ω/□、或2*1013Ω/□至5*1013Ω/□。当将具有在以上范围内的表面电阻的热辐射片应用于电动车辆的电池组时,不存在电击的风险并因此司以保护车辆和电池。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,热辐射片的绝缘特性可以为5800kΩ至6000kΩ、5800kΩ至5975kΩ、或5800kΩ至5950kΩ。具体地,热辐射片的绝缘特性可以通过以下来测量:在电池体系中将热辐射片插在接地保护导体与作为有源导体(active conductor)的电池之间,将测量仪器的正电极和负电极分别连接至保护导体的接地电路和电池的充电部,施加300V至700V的DC电压40秒至80秒,然后测量热辐射片的电阻值。当将具有在以上范围内的绝缘特性的热辐射片应用于电动车辆的电池组时,不存在电击的风险并因此可以保护车辆和电池。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,热辐射片的肖氏00硬度可以为70至80。如果热辐射片具有在以上范围内的低肖氏00硬度,则热辐射片可以以卷形式缠绕并因此可以易于处理。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,热辐射片的电容值可以为小于0.2nF或小于0.18nF。电容值可以为通过将热辐射片插在导电基底之间并将测量仪器例如U1250A万用表(Agilent Technologies,Inc.)连接至导电基底而测量的电容值。如果热辐射片具有在以上范围内的小电容值,则其可以具有优异的绝缘性并因此可以具有高稳定性。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,热辐射片的厚度可以为1.0mm至3.0mm或2.0mm至3.0mm。具有在以上范围内的厚度的热辐射片可以以卷形式缠绕并因此可以易于处理,并且当应用于电动车辆的电池组时,热辐射片可以具有优异的热导率和优异的模块与冷却板之间的阶梯差异吸收(step difference absorption)。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,热辐射片在1KHz频率下的介电常数可以为3至4或3.3至3.6。介电常数越低,则绝缘特性越好,并且如果热辐射片的介电常数在以上范围内,则其可以具有优异的绝缘特性并因此可以具有高稳定性。
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,热辐射片的介电保留率可以为60%至75%、或60%至70%。具体地,极性材料的介电常数随着频率增加而减小。因此,尽管频率增加也保持较好的介电常数,即,介电保留率越高,则即使使用环境改变也可以保持较好的绝缘特性。介电保留率可以为根据以下方程式1计算的值。如果热辐射片的介电保留率在以上范围内,则热辐射片可以具有优异的绝缘特性并因此可以具有高稳定性。
[方程式1]
介电保留率(%)=在1MHz下介电常数的测量值/在1KHz下介电常数的测量值*100
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,热辐射片可以具有1.6K-in2/W至1.7K-in2/W、或1.65K-in2/W至1.7K-in2/W的热阻,以及1.55W/mK至1.6W/mK的热导率。具有在以上范围内的热阻和热导率的热辐射片由于优异的热导率而可以有效地排放在电动车辆的电池工作期间产生的热,并因此降低电动车辆的电池过热和故障的可能性,从而产生优异的稳定性。
发明实施方式
在下文中,将详细地描述实施例以详细地描述本公开内容。然而,根据本公开内容的实施例可以以各种其他形式修改,并且本公开内容的范围不解释为限于以下描述的实施例。提供本说明书中的实施例是为了向本领域普通技术人员更完整地描述本公开内容。
实施例1
将作为导热填料的500g氢氧化铝(Osung Industry Co.,Ltd.,OSA-20,D50=20um,纯度99.5%或更大,等)和130g氢氧化铝(Martinal OL-104LEO,D50=1.9um,纯度99.5%或更大)、100g(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、0.5g丙烯酸、5g偶联剂(Borica,Tytan CP-318,钛酸硬脂酯)、50g作为增塑剂的己二酸二异壬酯(Aekyung Petrochemical,粘度20cps,沸点216℃)、0.35g作为固化剂的1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、和1g作为光引发剂的Irgacure 651(BASF)混合并搅拌以制备组合物。将组合物施加在PET基底(Osung IndustryCo.,Ltd.,75OS-UH02,有机硅离型PET)上并用7mW/cm2的UV照射10分钟并光固化以制造最终厚度为2.0mm的热辐射片。
实施例2
以与实施例1中相同的方式制造热辐射片,不同之处在于添加0.33g丙烯酸。
比较例1
以与实施例1中相同的方式制造热辐射片,不同之处在于未添加丙烯酸。
比较例2
以与实施例1中相同的方式制造热辐射片,不同之处在于添加1g丙烯酸。
表面电阻和绝缘特性的测量
使用MCP-HT800(Mitsubishi Chemical),施加500V的电压60秒以测量在实施例1和2以及比较例1和2中制造的各热辐射片的表面电阻。在测量表面电阻五次之后,取三个中间值的平均值并示于表1中。
此外,热辐射片的绝缘特性通过以下测量:在使用袋式电池单元制造的车辆电池体系中,将实施例1和2以及比较例1和2中制造的各热辐射片插在作为接地保护导体的冷却板(LT Precision Inc.)与作为有源导体的电池(LG Chem,Ltd.)之间,将测量仪器的正电极和负电极分别连接至接地保护导体电路和电池的充电部,施加500V的DC电压60秒,然后测量热辐射片的电阻值。
电容的测量
将实施例1和2以及比较例1和2中制造的热辐射片切割成50cm*100cm,以及将SUS304(Jaehyun公司)切割成70cm*100cm以准备两个。通过在下部SUS基底上层合热辐射片,并在热辐射片上层合上部SUS基底来制造层合体。通过将上部SUS基底和下部SUS基底的每一者连接至分辨率为0.001nF的万用表U1250A(Agilent Technologies,Inc.)来测量电容。测量值示于表1中。
介电常数和介电保留率的测量
通过使用E4980A(Agilent Technologies,Inc.)和精密LCR测量仪在1KHz频率的条件下测量实施例1和2以及比较例1和2中制造的各热辐射片的介电常数。此外,通过使用E4980A(Agilent Technologies,Inc)和精密LCR测量仪在1MHz频率的条件下测量其介电常数,然后根据方程式1计算保留率。在1KHz频率下的介电常数和根据方程式1计算的介电保留率的值示于表1中。
热阻和热导率的测量
通过使用TIM Tester 1300(Analysis Tech Co.,Ltd.)在40psi条件下测量实施例1和2以及比较例1和2中制造的各热辐射片的热阻和热导率,并且测量结果示于表1中。
硬度的测量
通过使用通过利用ASTM D2240标准HD3000,OS-00型号(Hildebrand TechnologyAG)对6T样品施加负荷(400g负荷)30秒而得到的模拟值来测量实施例1和2以及比较例1和2中制造的各热辐射片的肖氏00硬度。测量的硬度示于表1中。
[表1]
Figure BDA0003015584290000091
从表1中可以看出,实施例1和2中制造的各热辐射片具有高表面电阻、5800kΩ或更大的绝缘特性、小于0.18nF的低电容值、约3.3或更大的介电常数和66%或更大的介电保留率,并且由于其优异的稳定性、低热阻和高热导率,因此热辐射片可以顺利地排放在电池工作期间产生的热,并且分别具有73和75的低肖氏00硬度。
另一方面,比较例1中制造的热辐射片具有太低的表面电阻、差的绝缘特性、0.260nF的太大的电容值、高介电常数和低介电保留率,使得当将该热辐射片应用于电动车辆的电池组时可能存在电击的风险。即,由于比较例1中制造的热辐射片具有差的绝缘特性,因此当应用于电动车辆的电池组时其可能具有差的稳定性。
可以确定比较例2中制造的热辐射片具有非常高的热阻和非常低的热导率。因此,热辐射片可能难以排放热,从而导致电池过热并且增加爆炸和故障的可能性,并且热辐射片因为其由于85的高肖氏00硬度而不能以卷形式缠绕而难以处理。
总之,可以看出根据本公开内容的一个示例性实施方案的热辐射片具有优异的热导率和绝缘特性,并且由于适当水平的硬度而易于处理,然而当使用如比较例1中的不包含丙烯酸的用于热辐射片的组合物时,由于其差的绝缘特性而无法实现本公开内容的效果,并且当使用如比较例2中的包含过量的丙烯酸的用于热辐射片的组合物时,由于其差的热导率和高硬度而无法实现本公开内容的效果。

Claims (13)

1.一种组合物,包含:导热填料、增塑剂、丙烯酸、和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,其中基于100重量份的所述(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,所述丙烯酸以0.3重量份至0.5重量份的量包含在内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述导热填料为以下中的一者或更多者:氢氧化铝、铝氧化物、硼氮化物、铝氮化物、镁氧化物、氢氧化镁、碳酸镁、钛氧化物、锌氧化物、硅碳化物和石英。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中基于100重量份的所述(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,所述导热填料以500重量份至1000重量份的量包含在内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述增塑剂的粘度为10cp至450cp。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述增塑剂为以下中的一者或更多者:偏苯三酸三乙基己酯、偏苯三酸三异壬酯、和己二酸二异壬酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述增塑剂的沸点为200℃至450℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中基于100重量份的所述(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,所述增塑剂以30重量份至80重量份的量包含在内。
8.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体包括其中烷基具有1至15个碳原子的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体包括以下中的一者或更多者:(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸新戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异壬酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯和(甲基)丙烯酸十四烷基酯。
10.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,还包含光引发剂和光固化剂。
11.一种热辐射片,包含根据权利要求1所述的组合物的固化产物并且具有2*1013Ω/□至6*1013Ω/□的表面电阻。
12.根据权利要求11所述的热辐射片,其中所述热辐射片的肖氏00硬度为70至80。
13.根据权利要求11所述的热辐射片,其中所述热辐射片的厚度为1.0mm至3.0mm。
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