CN112703976A - Method for building false lawn in coastal saline-alkali bare land - Google Patents
Method for building false lawn in coastal saline-alkali bare land Download PDFInfo
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- CN112703976A CN112703976A CN202011501156.XA CN202011501156A CN112703976A CN 112703976 A CN112703976 A CN 112703976A CN 202011501156 A CN202011501156 A CN 202011501156A CN 112703976 A CN112703976 A CN 112703976A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/20—Layering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for building a swertia grassland in a coastal saline-alkali bare land, which comprises the following steps: (1) breeding the seedlings of the swertia: separating parent strains of the false hairs, wherein each strain comprises 3-5 sub-strain seedlings; secondly, a plastic seedling raising pot with the height of 10cm and the diameter of 7cm is filled with nutrient soil, and the swertia are planted in the seedling raising pot in a separated manner; and placing the seedling raising pot on a plastic film to prevent the daughter plants on the stolons from rooting. (2) Transplanting the swertia: transplanting the seedlings for two months, and carrying out drought adaptation treatment before seedling lifting; punching transplanting pits by using a seedling raising device with the diameter of 10 cm; tearing off the plastic pot, and planting the plastic pot to the transplanting pit; and fourthly, watering 300-500 mL after planting, and covering with straw powder. (3) Burying soil in stolon plants: arranging creeping stems on two sides of a main stem and straightening; screening by a screen which is not saline-alkali soil and is 1 cm; covering the base of the plant with non-saline-alkali soil. The invention cultivates the pot seedlings of the false Chinese swertia through the seedling pot, promotes the stolon plants to root on the saline-alkali bare land, accelerates the establishment of dense communities of the false Chinese swertia, and is beneficial to beautifying the living environment of people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garden and environment construction, and relates to a method for constructing a swertia grassland in a coastal saline-alkali bare land.
Background
A large amount of saline-alkali wastelands exist in coastal saline-alkali lands, and because the groundwater level is shallow and lacks fresh water, the plants are difficult to grow, the land utilization is low, and how to build vegetation in saline-alkali bare lands is a problem to be solved urgently. The swertia pseudochinensis (Aelrupussinunsis) is a salt secreting clone plant, has strong salt tolerance, is one of the dominant species of wild plant communities in coastal saline-alkali soil, and is also important pasture. The swertia pseudochinensis has intensive vegetative shoots and wandering-type stolon plants, the wandering-type plants on the stolons can be diffused to areas with higher salinity, and then are gradually converted into intensive vegetative shoots to cover the ground, so that the evaporation of the ground surface is reduced, the leaching of the salinity is promoted, the salinity of the soil in a high-salinity area is obviously reduced, meanwhile, the withered and fallen objects and the root system of the swertia pseudochinensis can be structurally improved, and the fertility of a saline-alkali bare ground is preliminarily formed. The process is an important step for the succession of the plant community development and the vegetation restoration of the saline-alkali land and is also an important process for the saline-alkali wasteland to have farming conditions. However, the saline-alkali bare land has high salt content and large volume weight on the surface, and the creeping stems of the swertia pseudochinensis are difficult to root, so the vegetation coverage in the saline-alkali bare land is completed for a long time through the natural expansion capacity of the swertia pseudochinensis, and the efficiency is low. How to rapidly complete the construction of the false lawn in the saline-alkali bare land is an important research direction for the bioremediation of the saline-alkali land.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for building a swertia grassland on a coastal saline-alkali bare land, which utilizes the creeping stem expansion characteristic of a swertia, builds the swertia grassland on the coastal saline-alkali bare land by technical means of cultivating swertia seedlings in seedling pots and the like, reforms the coastal saline-alkali wasteland and beautifies the living environment of people.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for building the false lawn in the open land with coastal saline and alkali comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising of swertia
The method comprises the steps of collecting the young swertia: selecting wild swertia pseudochinensis growing vigorously in the saline-alkali soil, digging all roots of the wild swertia pseudochinensis, and separating mother plants of the swertia pseudochinensis, wherein each plant comprises 3-5 sub-plants;
secondly, planting the swertia pot seedlings in the seedling pot: a plastic seedling raising pot with the height of 10cm and the diameter of 7cm is adopted and filled with nutrient soil; planting the separate plants of the swertia in seedling pots, wherein root breeding is 2cm away from the surfaces of the seedling pots; pouring with water, and reserving creeping stems of the swertia pseudochinensis in two directions respectively for 2;
thirdly, cultivating the pot seedlings of the swertia: placing the seedling pot on a plastic film to prevent the daughter plant on the stolons from rooting;
(2) transplanting of swertia
Firstly, drought exercise before transplanting: the stolons of the swertia pseudochinensis are transplanted after growing for two months, and the swertia pseudochinensis seedlings need to be subjected to drought adaptation treatment before emergence so as to improve the survival rate;
preparing a transplanting pit by punching: punching transplanting pits on the coastal saline-alkali bare land by using a seedling transplanting device with the diameter of 10cm, wherein the pit depth of the transplanting pits is 8-10 cm, the density of the transplanting pits is (40-60) × (40-60) cm, and the transplanting pits are arranged alternately from row to row;
transplanting: tearing off a plastic pot outside the pot seedling soil lump, and transferring the swertia pseudochinensis seedling with the soil lump to a transplanting pit for planting;
fourthly, watering: watering 300-500 mL of each swertia pseudochinensis seedling after planting, and then covering planting holes with straw powder; so as to prevent evaporation and salt return and improve the survival rate of the stock plant;
(3) creeping stem plant burying soil to promote rooting
Firstly, straightening creeping stems: after planting, placing the stolons on two sides of the main stem, and smoothing, and uniformly distributing the sub-plants on the surface of the coastal saline-alkali bare land as much as possible;
screening covering soil: sieving the non-saline-alkali soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 1 cm;
covering: and covering the base of the creeping plant which does not root with sieved non-saline-alkali soil, and covering 50g of non-saline-alkali soil on each seedling of the swertia pseudochinensis. When the rain season comes, the child plants rapidly take roots after the rain, and the rooting rate of the child plants is improved.
The nutrient soil is selected from fertile farmland soil, and 20kg of organic fertilizer and 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer are mixed in each ton of nutrient soil. The organic fertilizer is air-dried decomposed cow dung, and the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is diammonium phosphate. The pot seedling comprises a vigorous stock plant and an unrooted child plant, the stock plant grows in the seedling pot, and the branch plant on the stolon is the child plant. The pot seedlings are planted in the saline-alkali soil, and the mother plants can provide water and nutrition for the child plants after planting, so that rooting is promoted, and the survival rate is improved.
Collecting young seedlings of the swertia pseudochinensis at the bottom of 4 months in spring, and transplanting the swertia pseudochinensis in the middle of 6 months. The density of the transplanting pits is preferably 50X50 cm.
The construction of the false lawn in the coastal saline-alkali bare land has the advantages that: the salt tolerance of the swertia pseudochinensis is strong, and the swertia pseudochinensis can adapt to the environment of saline-alkali soil. The swertia pseudochinensis is a typical salt-secreting perennial herb plant and has strong salt and drought resistance. The salt gland of the swertia pseudochinensis can secrete salt in vivo to the outside of a body, and reduce the salt in peripheral cells so as to maintain the normal physiological function of the swertia pseudochinensis. ② the stolons of the false Chinese swertia can be diffused for a long distance. The nutritional branches of the swertia pseudochinensis comprise a wandering stolon and a dense nutritional branch, and the two different nutritional branches have different functions. The vertical vegetative shoot on the stolons can promote the expansion of new nutrients of the swertia pseudochinensis and expand the distribution range of the swertia pseudochinensis. The dense nutrient branches have strong covering effect on soil, can obviously reduce surface evaporation and reduce the accumulation effect of salt on a sudden surface layer. Thirdly, the connection function of the stolons in the plaques with salt heterogeneity has a physiological integration function, the river stolons have the functions of water exchange and nutrient transportation between the parent plant and the child plant, and the water and the nutrients of the parent plant are shared by the child plant, so that the capability of the child plant adapting to salt stress is enhanced. And fourthly, planting the seedlings in the time of soft ground surface in rainy season. In the bare land of saline-alkali soil, due to the hard surface and high salt content, the seed plants on the creeping stems of the false Chinese swertia are difficult to root, the rainfall is large in 7-8 months, the soil salt content is low, and meanwhile, the loose surface increases the rooting success rate of the false Chinese swertia. Salt is leached in rainy season by utilizing coastal saline-alkali soil, and the base of the roe plants is covered with soil and is waited for rainfall, so that the rooting of the roe plants is promoted.
The above shows that: the biological characteristics of the swertia pseudochinensis and the climatic characteristics of coastal saline-alkali land are applied, pot seedlings are cultivated in spring, a method of planting before rainy season is adopted, the swertia pseudochinensis stock plant which grows in a fertile seedling pot and is provided with stolons is transplanted into saline-alkali bare land, in the time period that the salt content of the rainy season is relatively soft and the earth surface is soft, the root taking of the sub-plant on the stolons of the swertia pseudochinensis is promoted by a method of covering the base part of the sub-plant with soil, the survival rate of the swertia pseudochinensis is improved, and the purpose of vegetation construction of the saline-alkali land bare.
The method for building the swertia chinensis grassland on the coastal saline-alkali bare land utilizes the characteristic of creeping expansion of the swertia chinensis, cultivates strong pot seedlings of the swertia chinensis of the parent plant through the seedling cultivation pot, plants the swertia chinensis in the saline-alkali land in wet and soft rainy seasons of soil, promotes the creeping seed plants of the swertia chinensis to root on the saline-alkali bare land, accelerates the building of dense communities of the swertia chinensis, quickly builds the swertia chinensis field on the saline-alkali bare land within one year, reforms the coastal saline-alkali barren land and beautifies the living environment of people.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the cultivation of pot seedlings of a swertia;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the planting of pot seedlings of a swertia;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the stolon plant-based covering soil that has not rooted;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings. The scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any modification made by those skilled in the art within the scope defined by the claims also falls within the scope of protection of the invention.
The method for constructing the false lawn in the coastal saline-alkali bare land comprises the steps of selecting the small mountain countryside and the Shanxi depression in Haoxing county of Hebei province to construct the false lawn, wherein the soil is coastal saline tidal soil, the salt content of the surface soil of the bare land of the saline-alkali land is 12.6-18.4 g per kg of soil, and the water content (mass) of the soil is 22%. The process of building the false lawn comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising of swertia
The method comprises the steps of collecting the young swertia: selecting wild swertia pseudochinensis which grows vigorously in the saline-alkali soil at the bottom of 4 months in spring, digging out all swertia pseudochinensis with roots, separating parent plants of clustered swertia pseudochinensis as shown in figure 1, wherein each parent plant comprises 3-5 sub-plants, and each sub-plant swertia pseudochinensis comprises 3-5 buds after separation;
secondly, planting the swertia pot seedlings in the seedling pot: adopting a black plastic seedling raising pot with the height of 10cm and the diameter of 7cm to fill with nutrient soil; selecting fertile soil, and mixing 20kg of air-dried decomposed cow dung and 15kg of diammonium phosphate in each ton of nutrient soil;
thirdly, planting the false river swertia herb in the seedling pot in a splitting manner, wherein root breeding is 2cm away from the surface of the seedling pot; reserving the stolons of the false river creatures, wherein 2 stolons are reserved in two directions respectively, and then thoroughly watering the seedling pot with water;
fourthly, the seedling pots are arranged on a tiled plastic film to prevent the sub plants on the stolons from rooting; two rows of seedling pots are arranged, the space in the middle is 30cm, so that the creeping stems of the false river deer can grow conveniently, and watering can be carried out in time according to the water content of soil during seedling culture.
(2) Transplanting of swertia
Firstly, drought exercise before transplanting: transplanting the stolons of the false Chinese swertia herb after the stolons grow out in the middle ten days of 6 months, wherein the false Chinese swertia herb seedlings need to be subjected to drought adaptation treatment before seedling emergence so as to improve the survival rate;
preparing a transplanting pit by punching: punching transplanting pits on a coastal saline-alkali bare land by using a seedling raising device with the diameter of 10cm, wherein the depth of each transplanting pit is 8-10 cm, the density of the pits is 50x50cm, as shown in fig. 2, the transplanting pits in the next row are arranged alternately from row to row, and the transplanting pits in the next row are positioned between two transplanting pits in the previous row;
transplanting: tearing off a plastic pot outside the pot seedling soil lump, and transferring the swertia pseudochinensis seedling with the soil lump to a transplanting pit for planting;
fourthly, watering: and watering 300-500 mL of each swertia pseudochinensis seedling after planting, and then covering the transplanted transplanting pits with straw powder to prevent salt return due to evaporation and improve the survival rate.
(3) Creeping plant buried soil
Firstly, straightening creeping stems: after planting, placing the stolons on two sides of the main stem, and smoothing, and uniformly distributing the sub-plants on the surface of the coastal saline-alkali bare land as much as possible;
screening covering soil: sieving the non-saline-alkali soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 1 cm;
covering: covering the base of the non-rooted stolon plant with sieved non-saline-alkali soil, and covering 50g of non-saline-alkali soil on each seed plant of the swertia; when the rain season comes, the child plants rapidly take roots after rainfall, and the rooting rate of the child plants is improved.
(4) Test for breeding of swertia
A. Comparative test of pot seedling and bare-rooted seedling: in order to compare the survival rate difference of the pot seedling and the bare-rooted seedling, 3 kinds of planting modes are set, including pot seedling, bare-rooted seedling planting mother plant and direct planting of non-rooted child plant. The density of the strain is 4 strains/m and is 50 multiplied by 50cm2And (3) planting 3 cells of each swertia herb, each cell being 2 x 5m, and planting 40 plants in each cell. At the end of the growing season (in the middle and late 10 months), the test field of the false river deer is investigated, the survival rate of the mother plant and the number of the child plants are investigated, and 1m is selected2The number of survivors of the sub-plants was investigated. The growth conditions of the 3 planting methods are shown in Table 1.
As shown in Table 1, the survival rate of the pot seedlings was 97.5%, and the survival rates of the bare-rooted seedlings and the ungerminated seedlings were 14.17% and 25.83%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the pot seedlings. Meanwhile, the coverage degree of the earth surface for pot seedling planting is 68.67%, and the coverage degree of bare-rooted seedlings is only 5.67% and 10.23%, which shows that the pot seedling planting can obviously increase the survival rate of the transplanting of the swertia, and greatly increase the coverage of the surface of the swertia.
TABLE 1 growth of swertia pseudochinensis Franch with different planting methods
The values in the table are mean ± sd, and the different letters between different treatments represent significant differences, p <0.05, and n ═ 3.
B. The suitable planting density test of the swertia: in order to search the optimal density of the constructed swertia pseudochinensis field, 5 density gradients are adopted to measure the effect of the constructed swertia pseudochinensis field and determine the optimal density of the swertia pseudochinensis field. The total number of 5 density gradients of 40 × 40, 50 × 40, 50 × 50, 50 × 60 and 60 × 60 are set so as to determine the optimal planting density. The growth conditions of the swertia pseudochinensis in different densities are shown in table 2.
As shown in Table 2, the final coverage of the treatment at a density of 50X50cm was 75.6%, and the coverage was achieved, whereas the planting density was large even though the maximum density was large at 40X 50cm, and thus 50X50cm was a suitable planting density.
TABLE 2 growth of swertia pseudochinensis in various densities
The values in table 2 are mean ± sd, and the different letters between different treatments represent significant differences, p <0.05, and n is 3.
C. And (3) testing the rooting of the stock by covering soil: in order to compare the influence of the method for covering soil at the base of the sub-plants on the survival of the roe plants, tests of covering soil and not covering soil of the roe creeping stem plants are set, and the survival rate of the sub-plants and the population density are compared. The survival rate of stolon plants and the germination conditions of the soil-covered stolon plants are shown in Table 3
Table 3 shows that the soil covering of the base of the stolons plant can significantly increase the survival rate of the river reptans stolons plant, the survival rate of the plants is above 99%, the soil covering promotes the germination of new stolons on the rooting plants, the ground surface coverage rate is 78.40%, the treatment survival rate of the contrast non-soil covering is 27.28%, and the ground surface coverage rate is 29.50%. Therefore, the survival rate of the sub-plants can be obviously improved by covering the bases of the sub-plants with soil, and the ground surface coverage rate is more than 70%.
TABLE 3 survival rates of stolon plants and germinating plant conditions of soil-covered stolon plants
The values in the table are mean ± sd, different letters indicate significant differences between treatments, p <0.05, and n 5.
In conclusion, the method adopts measures of raising seedlings of the seedling pots of the swertia pseudochinensis, transplanting the seedlings to the saline-alkali bare land, covering soil at the base of the daughter plants and the like, promotes the daughter plants on the swertia pseudochinensis stolons to take roots, improves the survival rate of the swertia pseudochinensis, can cover more than 70% of the saline-alkali bare land within one year, and achieves the purpose of vegetation construction of the saline-alkali land bare land.
Claims (6)
1. A method for building a swertia grassland in a coastal saline-alkali bare land is characterized by comprising the following steps: the process for building the false lawn comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling raising of swertia
The method comprises the steps of collecting the young swertia: selecting wild swertia pseudochinensis which grows vigorously in the saline-alkali soil, digging out all roots of the wild swertia pseudochinensis, and separating mother plants of the swertia pseudochinensis, wherein each mother plant comprises 3-5 sub-plants;
secondly, planting the swertia pot seedlings in the seedling pot: a plastic seedling raising pot with the height of 10cm and the diameter of 7cm is adopted and filled with nutrient soil; the method comprises the following steps of planting the swertia in a seedling pot in a divided manner, wherein root breeding is 2cm away from the surface of the seedling pot; pouring with water, and reserving the creeping stems of the false Chinese swertia herb in two directions, wherein each direction is 2;
thirdly, cultivating the pot seedlings of the swertia: placing the seedling pot on a plastic film to prevent the daughter plant on the stolons from rooting;
(2) transplanting of swertia
Firstly, drought exercise before transplanting: transplanting the grown stolons of the swertia pseudochinensis after the spawns of the swertia pseudochinensis grow for two months, wherein the swertia pseudochinensis seedlings need to be subjected to drought adaptation treatment before seedling emergence;
preparing a transplanting pit by punching: punching transplanting pits on a coastal saline-alkali bare land by using a seedling raising device with the diameter of 10cm, wherein the depth of each transplanting pit is 8-10 cm, the density of the transplanting pits is 40-60 multiplied by 40-60 cm, and the transplanting pits are arranged alternately from row to row;
transplanting: tearing off a plastic pot outside the pot seedling soil lump, and transferring the swertia pseudochinensis seedling with the soil lump to a transplanting pit for planting;
fourthly, watering: watering 300-500 mL of each swertia pseudochinensis seedling after planting, and then covering the transplanted pit with straw powder;
(3) creeping plant buried soil
Firstly, straightening creeping stems: after planting, placing the stolons on two sides of the main stem, and smoothing, and uniformly distributing the sub-plants on the surface of the coastal saline-alkali bare land as much as possible;
screening covering soil: sieving the non-saline-alkali soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 1 cm;
covering: and covering the bases of the stolons which are not rooted at the bases of the stolons which are not rooted with sieved non-saline-alkali soil, wherein each seed swertia pseudochinensis seedling is covered with 50g of non-saline-alkali soil.
2. The method for constructing a grassland of swertia through seashore saline-alkali bare land according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the nutrient soil is selected from fertile farmland soil, and 20kg of organic fertilizer and 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer are mixed in each ton of nutrient soil.
3. The method for constructing a grassland of swertia through seashore saline-alkali bare land according to claim 2, which comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer is air-dried decomposed cow dung, and the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is diammonium phosphate.
4. The method for constructing a grassland of swertia through seashore saline-alkali bare land according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the pot seedlings include a flourishing mother plant and an unrooted daughter plant.
5. The method for constructing a grassland of swertia through seashore saline-alkali bare land according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the collected seedling of the false Chinese swertia is selected at the bottom of 4 months in spring, and the transplanting selection of the false Chinese swertia is selected in middle of 6 months.
6. The method for constructing a grassland of swertia through seashore saline-alkali bare land according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the density of the transplanting pits is preferably 50x50 cm.
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