CN112673921A - Method for building cotton field protection forest in newly-opened and wastefully-saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for building cotton field protection forest in newly-opened and wastefully-saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for building cotton field protection forest on newly and wastefully saline-alkali land, which comprises the steps of planting cotton on the saline-alkali land to form a cotton field, building the Chinese russianolive tree protection forest by adopting a Chinese character 'pin' -shaped planting mode on the furrow banks at two sides of the furrow around the cotton field, utilizing the characteristic that rhizobium of the Chinese russianolive tree has biological nitrogen fixation, enabling the Chinese russianolive tree to normally grow, flower and bear fruits even if no fertilizer is applied in the growing process, simplifying the tree body tending management process, improving the productivity level of the saline-alkali land and saving the management cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of saline-alkali soil protection forests, in particular to a method for establishing a cotton field protection forest in newly and wastefully-opened saline-alkali soil.
Background
With the rise of global temperature, the rainfall amount is reduced year by year, and the drought is more and more serious. The desert area of Xinjiang area is more, the rainfall is less, the lakes around are gradually dried up, and the lakes gradually become saline-alkali soil after being dried up due to the influence of desertification of the land, so that the lakes are difficult to recover. Xinjiang is located in the northwest of China, and due to the fact that Xinjiang belongs to typical inland arid climate, agricultural production almost completely depends on artificial irrigation, but at the same time, mountain rocks of the inland basin of Xinjiang contain high soluble salt, and one of consequences caused by irrigation is to continuously enable the salt to enter cultivated land. Under the condition of dry and early inland climate, the leaching of soil is very weak, the water content rises very strongly, and the salinity is rapidly accumulated in the soil, so that the secondary salinization salt with different degrees appears in the soil of an irrigation area. The alkalization can reduce the output capacity of the land and the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, the increase of the income of farmers is difficult, the contradiction of agricultural development is sharp, the harmlessness is generated on the social harmony and stability in Xinjiang areas and the economic sustainable occurrence, and the realization difficulty of the construction target of four domestic agricultural bases is increased.
The salinization can generate adverse effects on the fertility of cultivated land and physical properties, and when the salinization problem is serious, the land can be degraded until abandoned, and the cultivated land can be gradually developed towards the direction of desertification. The most direct effect of salinization on crops is the decrease of yield, which can lead to the loss of land in severe cases, and the harm is mainly that plant cells are acted on by soil solution, so that the normal absorption function and metabolic mechanism are inhibited. The formation of saline-alkali soil in irrigation areas is influenced by various factors such as climate, terrain, irrigation water quality, soil conditions, groundwater level and human activities. Generally, soil conditions and irrigation water quality are the foundation formed by saline-alkali soil, arid climate conditions are the power of salt accumulation in irrigation areas, terrain conditions and groundwater level influence are the development factors of soil salinization, and human activities aggravate the salinization influence of the irrigation areas to different degrees. When a farmland protection forest is built in production, poplar is usually selected as a main afforestation tree species, the saline-alkali resistance of the poplar is inferior to that of oleaster, and the poplar is divided into a main forest belt (vertical to the main wind direction) and an auxiliary forest belt (parallel to the main wind direction), 4-6 rows of trees are usually planted in the main forest belt, 2-3 rows of trees are usually planted in the auxiliary forest belt, the trees are all planted around the farmland, the occupied farmland area is large, and the adverse effect of reducing yield caused by shading farmland crops is large. Meanwhile, the poplar has the characteristics of high growth speed, straight dry type and the like, the ecological protection effect of the farmland protection forest is exerted quickly, but the biological nitrogen fixation and saline-alkali soil improvement effect is not obvious, and economic benefits are generated every year. Therefore, there is a need for a new method for establishing a shelter forest in saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for building a cotton field protection forest in a newly-abandoned saline-alkali soil, and the productivity level of the saline-alkali soil is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for building a cotton field protection forest in newly and wastefully saline-alkali soil. When cotton which has stronger saline-alkali resistance is planted in saline-alkali soil, the oleaster is selected as a protection forest afforestation tree species, which utilizes that the young period of the oleaster not only has stronger growth vigor which is similar to the conventional afforestation tree species (poplar and elm) of the agricultural and forestry in arid regions, but also has stronger saline-alkali resistance than the poplar and elm and the like and the characteristic of improving the saline-alkali soil. By utilizing the characteristic that the rhizobium of the oleaster has biological nitrogen fixation, the oleaster can normally grow, blossom and fruit even if no fertilizer is applied in the growth process, the work of tending the trees is simplified, and the management cost is saved. Which is not comparable with the conventional agriculture and forestry in arid areas.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) after pretreatment of newly-opened wasteland saline-alkali soil is completed, synchronously sowing cotton fields, selecting a big elaeagnus angustifolia variety with strong crown erectness and high yield, cutting young trees by adopting the two-year-old cuttage of the big elaeagnus angustifolia variety, and planting 1 row of the big elaeagnus angustifolia variety along the canal ridges on the two sides of the canal in spring;
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) in 1-3 years after the big oleaster tree is planted and survived, measures of bud picking and lateral branch pruning are taken in time in spring and summer growing seasons, the main trunk is cultured, the height under the branch is controlled, and the high growth is promoted.
As a further improvement of the invention, the pretreatment of the step (1) comprises the following steps: deeply turning over the saline-alkali soil, airing until the saline-alkali soil can be mechanically rolled, rolling and leveling, dividing into field blocks with the length of 100m and the width of 20m, and excavating water channels with the width of 80-100cm around the field blocks for irrigation to form channel ridges.
As a further improvement of the method, the planting distance of the Chinese narrow-leaved oleaster is 2-4 m.
As a further improvement of the invention, the height under the branches is controlled to be 1.5-1.8 m in the step (3). The method is characterized in that the oleaster species with strong uprightness and high yield are selected and planted on the canal ridge by adopting reasonable plant spacing, and the height under the branches is controlled, so that the harm of the oleaster agricultural and forestry prevention canopy to cotton field shading caused by cotton yield reduction is reduced to the maximum extent while the ecological protection benefit and the fruit economic benefit are maximized.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the method, after pretreatment is carried out in a newly-opened and wastefully-wasted saline-alkali soil, in synchronization with cotton field sowing, the two-year-old cutting seedlings of the Elaeagnus angustifolia with strong crown erectness are selected, and in spring or early winter, the planting distance is in a shape like a Chinese character pin along canal ridges on two sides of a water canal according to the planting distance of 2-4 m. The cotton field is irrigated, when water passes through a canal system, the oleaster can also obtain water supply, management measures such as fertilization and weeding are not needed in the period, after 3 years of planting, a small amount of oleaster trees begin to bear fruits, meanwhile, the effects of wind prevention, sand fixation, soil improvement and water and soil conservation are also displayed, the cotton field enters the initial stage of fruit filling in 5 years, and the economic and ecological benefits are achieved. The oleaster trees are planted on the canal ridges, so that the moisture required by the growth of the oleaster trees is effectively guaranteed when cotton fields are irrigated, and meanwhile, the oleaster trees on the two sides of the canal system can also play a role in protecting the canal. The date palm agriculture and forestry provided by the invention can shelter cotton fields from wind and sand damage in the growing process, can improve saline-alkali soil, improve soil structure and soil fertility, and has considerable economic benefits every year after harvested fruits are sold, so that the productivity level of saline-alkali soil is improved, which is beyond the reach of protection forest seeds commonly used in dry and dry saline-alkali soil afforestation in the current production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention for constructing a cotton field protection forest in a newly abandoned saline-alkali land;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cotton field, a field road and a canal in a cotton field protection forest established in a newly-opened and deserted saline-alkali soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of planting Elaeagnus angustifolia in a shape like Chinese character pin.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The oleaster disclosed by the invention is the oleaster in Xinjiang.
Example 1
(1) Deeply turning over the saline-alkali soil, airing until the saline-alkali soil can be mechanically rolled, dividing into field blocks with the length of 100m and the width of 20m, excavating a water channel with the width of 80m for irrigation around the field blocks to serve as a channel ridge, sowing the field blocks synchronously with cotton fields, wherein the row spacing of cotton in the cotton fields is 60cm, the plant spacing of the cotton is 8cm, the sowing depth of the cotton is 3cm, selecting the two-year-old cutting seedlings of the Elaeagnus angustifolia with strong crown uprightness, and planting 2 rows of Elaeagnus angustifolia saplings along the channel ridges on the two sides of the water channel in spring in a delta shape according to the plant spacing of 3 m;
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) and after the cutting seedlings survive, timely bud picking and lateral branch pruning are carried out, so that the high growth of the russianolive trees is promoted, the main trunk is cultured, and the height below the branches is controlled to be 1.5 m.
During the period, management measures such as fertilization and weeding are not needed, after 3 years of planting, a small amount of oleaster fruiting is started, meanwhile, the effects of wind prevention, sand prevention and soil improvement are also displayed, the oleaster fruiting initial stage is started in 5 years, and the yield is about 300 kg/mu.
Example 2
(1) Deeply turning over the saline-alkali soil, airing until the saline-alkali soil can be mechanically rolled, dividing into field blocks with the length of 100m and the width of 20m, excavating a water channel with the width of 80cm around the field blocks to form a channel ridge, sowing the field blocks synchronously with cotton fields, wherein the row spacing of cotton in the cotton fields is 70cm, the plant spacing of the cotton is 10cm, the sowing depth of the cotton is 4cm, selecting two-year-old cutting seedlings of big oleaster with strong crown uprightness, and planting 2-row big oleaster trees in a shape like Chinese character 'pin' on the channel ridge at two sides of a canal system in spring according to the plant spacing of 3 m;
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) after the cutting seedling survives, measures of bud picking and lateral branch pruning are taken in time, the trunk is cultured, and the height under the branch is controlled to be 1.5 m.
Management measures such as fertilization and weeding are not needed in the period, after 3 years of planting, a small amount of oleaster fruits are hung, meanwhile, the ecological protection benefit is displayed in time, the oleaster fruits enter the initial stage of fruit filling in 5 years, and the yield is about 280 kg/mu.
Example 3
(1) Excavating saline-alkali soil, airing until mechanical rolling can be carried out, excavating salt-removing blind ditches after rolling and leveling, backfilling medical stones and blind pipes, carrying out pretreatment, then synchronously sowing cotton fields, selecting two-year-old cutting seedlings of the Elaeagnus angustifolia with strong crown uprightness, extending canal ridges at two sides of a canal system in spring, and planting 2 rows of Elaeagnus angustifolia trees on the canal ridges according to the plant spacing of 3 m;
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) after the cutting seedling survives, measures of bud picking and lateral branch pruning are taken in time, the trunk is cultured, and the height under the branch is controlled to be 1.6 m.
Management measures such as fertilization and weeding are not needed in the period, after 3 years of planting, a small amount of oleaster fruits are hung, meanwhile, the ecological protection benefit is displayed in time, the oleaster fruits enter the initial stage of fruit filling in 5 years, and the yield is about 300 kg/mu.
Example 4
(1) Excavating saline-alkali soil, airing until mechanical rolling can be carried out, excavating salt-removing blind ditches after rolling and leveling, backfilling medical stones and blind pipes, carrying out pretreatment, then synchronously sowing cotton fields, selecting two-year-old cutting seedlings of the oleaster with strong crown uprightness, selecting channel banks at two sides of a channel system in spring, and planting in a shape like Chinese character pin according to the plant spacing of 3m, wherein the row spacing of cotton in the cotton fields is 70cm, the plant spacing of the cotton is 12cm, and the sowing depth of the cotton is 5 cm;
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) after the cutting seedling survives, measures of bud picking and lateral branch pruning are taken in time, the trunk is cultured, and the height under the branch is controlled to be 1.5 m.
Management measures such as fertilization and weeding are not needed in the period, after 3 years of planting, a small amount of oleaster fruits are hung, meanwhile, the ecological protection benefit is displayed in time, the oleaster fruits enter the initial stage of fruit filling in 5 years, and the yield is about 300 kg/mu.
Example 5
(1) Excavating saline-alkali soil, airing until mechanical rolling can be carried out, excavating salt-removing blind ditches after rolling and leveling, backfilling medical stones and blind pipes, carrying out pretreatment, then synchronously sowing cotton fields, selecting two-year-old cutting seedlings of the Elaeagnus angustifolia with strong crown uprightness, extending canal ridges at two sides of a canal system in spring, and planting 2 rows of Elaeagnus angustifolia trees on the canal ridges according to the plant spacing of 4 m;
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) after the cutting seedling survives, measures of bud picking and lateral branch pruning are taken in time, the trunk is cultured, and the height under the branch is controlled to be 1.8 m.
Example 6
(1) Deeply turning over the saline-alkali soil, airing until mechanical rolling can be carried out, excavating salt-removing blind ditches, backfilling medical stones and blind pipes, carrying out pretreatment, and then synchronously sowing cotton fields, wherein the row spacing of cotton in the cotton fields is 60cm, the plant spacing of the cotton is 8cm, the sowing depth of the cotton is 3cm, selecting two-year-old cutting seedlings of the big oleaster with strong crown erectness, and planting the seedlings in a shape like a Chinese character pin along the canal ridges at two sides of an canal system in early winter according to the plant spacing of 3 m;
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) after the cutting seedling survives, measures of bud picking and lateral branch pruning are taken in time, the trunk is cultured, and the height under the branch is controlled to be 1.8 m.
Example 7
(1) Deeply turning over the saline-alkali soil, airing until mechanical rolling can be carried out, cutting into field blocks with the length of 100m and the width of 20m after rolling and leveling, digging ditches with the width of 80-1m for irrigation around the field blocks to serve as ditch ridges, and synchronously sowing cotton fields, wherein the row spacing of cotton in the cotton fields is 60cm, the plant spacing of the cotton is 8cm, the sowing depth of the cotton is 3cm, selecting two-year-old cutting seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia with strong crown uprightness, extending the ditch ridges at two sides of a ditch system in spring, and planting 2 rows of the elaeagnus angustifolia trees on the ditch ridges according to the plant spacing of 3m in a shape like Chinese character 'pin';
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) after the cutting seedling survives, measures of bud picking and lateral branch pruning are taken in time, the trunk is cultured, and the height under the branch is controlled to be 2.0 m.
Management measures such as fertilization and weeding are not needed in the period, after 3 years of planting, a small amount of oleaster fruits are hung, meanwhile, the ecological protection benefit is displayed in time, the oleaster fruits enter the initial stage of fruit filling in 5 years, the yield is about 200 kg/mu, and after 8 years, the yield can reach 350 kg/mu.
Example 8
(1) Deeply turning the saline-alkali soil, airing until mechanical rolling can be performed, cutting the soil into field blocks with the length of 100m and the width of 20m after rolling and leveling, excavating ditches with the width of 80-1m for irrigation around the field blocks to serve as ditch ridges, sowing cotton fields synchronously, wherein the row spacing of cotton in the cotton fields is 60cm, the plant spacing of the cotton is 8cm, the sowing depth of the cotton is 3cm, selecting poplar two-year-old cutting seedlings with strong crown uprightness, extending the ditch ridges on two sides of a ditch system in spring, and planting 2 rows of poplar in a shape like Chinese character 'pin' on the ditch ridges according to the plant spacing of 3 m;
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) after the cutting seedling survives, measures of bud picking and lateral branch pruning are taken in time, the trunk is cultured, and the height under the branch is controlled to be 1.5 m.
Example 9
(1) Deeply ploughing saline-alkali soil, airing until mechanical rolling can be carried out, cutting into field blocks with the length of 100m and the width of 20m after rolling and leveling, digging ditches with the width of 80-1m for irrigation around the field blocks to serve as ditch ridges, and synchronously sowing cotton fields, wherein the row spacing of cotton in the cotton fields is 60cm, the plant spacing of the cotton is 8cm, the sowing depth of the cotton is 3cm, selecting mulberry two-year-old cutting seedlings with strong crown uprightness, extending the ditch ridges on two sides of a ditch system in spring, and planting 2 rows of elms in a shape like Chinese character 'pin' on the ditch ridges according to the plant spacing of 3 m;
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) after the cutting seedling survives, measures of bud picking and lateral branch pruning are taken in time, the trunk is cultured, and the height under the branch is controlled to be 1.5 m.
The afforestation survival rate and the soil condition after planting of the above examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the method of the present invention can significantly improve the soil quality and enhance the survival rate of forestation.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for building a cotton field protection forest in newly-opened and waster saline-alkali soil is characterized in that cotton seeds are sown in the saline-alkali soil to form a cotton field, and a Chinese date protection forest is built on channel ridges on two sides of a channel around the cotton field in a planting mode in a shape like the Chinese character 'pin'.
2. The method for building the cotton field protection forest in the newly abandoned saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after pretreatment of newly opened wasteland saline-alkali soil is completed, synchronously sowing cotton fields, selecting big elaeagnus angustifolia varieties with strong crown erectness and high yield, cutting young trees in spring by using two-year-old cuttage, and planting 1 row of the seedlings along the ridges on the two sides of the ditch in a mode of Chinese character pin-shaped afforestation;
(2) irrigating cotton fields;
(3) in 1-3 years after the young elaeagnus angustifolia survives and in the vigorous growth period of the tree body in spring and summer, measures of bud picking and lateral branch pruning are timely adopted, the main trunk is cultured, and the height under the branches is controlled.
3. The method for building the cotton field protection forest in the newly abandoned saline-alkali soil according to the claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of the step (1) comprises the following steps: deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil, airing until the saline-alkali soil can be mechanically rolled, rolling and leveling, dividing into field blocks with the length of 100m and the width of 20m, and excavating water channels with the width of 80-100cm around the field blocks to form channel banks.
4. The method for building a cotton field shelter forest in the newly abandoned saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein 2 rows of the large oleaster trees are planted around each cotton field as the shelter, and the large oleaster trees are planted on the banks of the canal.
5. The method for building the cotton field protection forest in the newly abandoned saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between the Chinese narrow-leaved oleaster plants is 2-4 m.
6. The method for building the cotton field protection forest in the newly abandoned saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the height of the under-branch in the step (3) is controlled to be 1.5-1.8 m.
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