CN112673874A - Novel tea planting method - Google Patents

Novel tea planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112673874A
CN112673874A CN202011574663.6A CN202011574663A CN112673874A CN 112673874 A CN112673874 A CN 112673874A CN 202011574663 A CN202011574663 A CN 202011574663A CN 112673874 A CN112673874 A CN 112673874A
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China
Prior art keywords
tea
fertilizer
seedlings
seedling
autumn
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CN202011574663.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨跃飞
方楚奇
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Hubei Daguang Tea Co ltd
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Hubei Daguang Tea Co ltd
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Priority to CN202011574663.6A priority Critical patent/CN112673874A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a novel tea planting method, wherein a netted coating layer formed by cutting corn straws into strips covers the tea planting ground surface, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a targeted manner before tea seedling growth enters winter, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a water fertilizer manner in the seedling growth stage, after the tea leaves grow into adult seedlings, the tea growth is fertilized for three times every year, and meanwhile, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied to the tea leaves with weak growth vigor; the planting method effectively reduces the death rate of the tea seedlings in winter, improves the overall yield of the tea, and is safe and environment-friendly.

Description

Novel tea planting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea planting, in particular to a novel tea planting method.
Background
With the health attention of people, the organic ecological tea is becoming a new favorite in the tea market, has great development potential, is a pollution-free and high-quality product, is widely concerned by the tea world in China, gradually forms fashionable consumption in the world, is short in supply and demand in the international market, and is expanding from developed countries such as Europe and America, Japan and the like to part of developing countries;
the planting technology of tea has important significance on the yield of tea and the spread of tea culture, generally, tea seeds are put into the land in autumn for cultivation and breeding, tea seedlings grow out before entering winter, and the phenomenon that the tea seedlings easily die in the face of severe growth environment in winter causes the survival rate and the yield of the tea to be unsatisfactory, so that the invention develops a new tea planting method to solve the problem of complaints.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel tea planting method to improve the survival rate of tea seedlings, the quality of the tea seedlings and the yield of the tea seedlings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a novel tea planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after the white dew is too solar in autumn, sowing tea seeds in two rows in the middle of a furrow with the width of 2m, wherein the row spacing is 0.45-0.55m, the spacing of each root in each row is 0.25-0.35m, and each root is 4-5 full seeds;
(2) 20-30 days after seedling emergence, intertillage weeding is carried out, seedling fertilizer is promoted, and thin and liquid human urine manure or urea water is used;
(3) selecting and supplementing seedlings in spring next year, removing the seedling with weak growth vigor, and supplementing the tea seedlings with the same age and similar size to each other, so that 2-3 tea seedlings are left in each stump;
(4) pruning the tea plant of common tea once in one year when picking, and pruning the tea plant of rare tea 3-4 times in one year;
in winter after emergence of seedlings in the step (2), a layer of corn straws cut into strips is laid on the ground surface around the tea seedlings, and the thickness of the corn straws is 1.5-2 cm;
after seedling selection and seedling supplement are completed in the step (3), fertilization is performed for one time from spring to budding, 55-65Kg of urea or 140Kg of ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu, the fertilization is performed for another time when the summer reaches the front and back, the fertilization is performed for another time when the autumn reaches 9-11 months, the total amount of the fertilization in summer and the autumn is half of that in spring, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the slow-growing tea plants.
Preferably, the seedling fertilizer is applied once again after autumn after the additional seedling fertilizer is accelerated in the step (1), and the additional seedling fertilizer is mainly applied in the form of a nitrogen fertilizer and a water fertilizer.
Preferably, when the corn stalks are laid in the step (2), the strip-shaped corn stalks are formed by cutting the corn stalks, and the sectional area of the cut corn stalks is 0.8-1cm2
Preferably, when the corn stalks are laid in the step (2), the corn stalks are laid in a net-shaped structure, and the area of the meshes is 3-4cm2
Still more preferably, in the step (3), when ammonium bicarbonate is used, soil is applied to the furrows between the tea rows, and when urea is used, soil is applied after rain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention additionally applies fertilizer between autumn and winter, ensures sufficient growth nutrition of tea seedlings in winter to cope with severe environments in winter, and covers the tea planting ground surface with the reticular covering layer formed by the corn straws cut into strips, on one hand, the invention has certain heat preservation effect in winter to prevent the roots of the tea seedlings from being damaged due to over low temperature, on the other hand, the corn straws are more easily decomposed after being cut into strips, contain abundant nitrogen elements and can provide certain nutrient elements for the tea seedlings after being decomposed, on the other hand, the reticular corn straw structure has better air permeability compared with the randomly stacked corn straw structure, oxygen can enter soil and ensure the normal growth of the tea roots.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The method comprises the following steps of selecting a certain area of Huanggang Yingshan, planting Yingshan Yunwu tea, and carrying out the following embodiments in the same area;
example 1:
after the white dew is too solar in autumn, sowing tea seeds in the middle of a ridge land with the width of 1.8m in two rows, wherein the row spacing is 0.45m, the distance between every two roots in each row is 0.25m, and each root is 4 full seeds;
20-30 days after emergence of seedlings, intertillage weeding is carried out, seedling fertilizer is promoted, thin and liquid human urine manure or urea water is used, a nitrogen fertilizer in a water-fertilizer form is applied again after autumn comes, a layer of corn straws with the thickness of 1.5cm is paved on the ground surface around the tea plants when winter comes, and the corn straws are paved randomly;
selecting and supplementing seedlings after spring beginning in the next year, removing the seedlings with weak growth vigor, supplementing tea seedlings with similar age and size, leaving 2-3 tea seedlings in each root, applying fertilizer once in spring and before budding in the tea growth process, applying 55Kg of urea to each mu after rain, applying fertilizer once before the tea plants grow to summer of the current year, applying 28Kg of urea to each mu after rain, applying fertilizer once again when the tea plants grow to 9-11 months of the current year, applying 28Kg of urea to each mu after rain, and applying phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer correspondingly if the tea seedlings with slow growth vigor exist;
in the tea leaf growing process, 3 times of pruning are carried out on the tea leaves every year, and the pruning is respectively carried out at the end of spring, at the end of summer and at the end of autumn;
example 2:
after the white dew is too solar in autumn, sowing tea seeds in two rows in the middle of a furrow with the width of 2.0m, wherein the row spacing is 0.5m, the distance between every two roots in each row is 0.30m, and each root is 4 full seeds;
20-30 days after emergence of seedlings, intertillage weeding is carried out, seedling fertilizer application is carried out, thin and liquid human urine manure or urea water is used, after autumn comes, a nitrogen fertilizer in the form of water fertilizer is applied again, when winter comes, a layer of strip-shaped corn straws with the thickness of 1.8cm are paved on the ground surface around the tea plants, the corn straw strips are of strip-shaped structures with the cross section area of 0.9cm formed by cutting the corn straws, and the corn straws are paved randomly;
selecting and supplementing seedlings after spring beginning in the next year, removing the seedlings with weak growth vigor, supplementing tea seedlings with similar age and size, leaving 2-3 tea seedlings in each root, applying fertilizer once in spring and before budding in the tea growth process, applying 60Kg of urea to each mu after rain, applying fertilizer once before the tea plants grow to summer of the current year, applying 30Kg of urea to each mu after rain, applying fertilizer once again when the tea plants grow to 9-11 months of the current year, applying 30Kg of urea to each mu after rain, and applying phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer correspondingly if the tea seedlings with slow growth vigor exist;
example 3:
after the white dew is too solar in autumn, tea seeds are sown in the middle of a furrow with the width of 2.2m in two rows, the row spacing is 0.55m, the distance between every two roots in each row is 0.35m, and each root is 4 full seeds;
20-30 days after emergence of seedlings, intertillage weeding is carried out, seedling fertilizer application is carried out, thin and liquid human urine manure or urea water is used, a nitrogen fertilizer in the form of a water fertilizer is applied again after autumn comes, a layer of strip-shaped corn straws with the thickness of 2.0cm are laid on the ground surface around the tea plants when winter comes, the corn straw strips are of strip-shaped structures with the cross sections of 1cm and formed by cutting the corn straws, and the corn straws are laid randomly;
selecting and supplementing seedlings after spring beginning in the next year, removing the seedlings with weak growth vigor, supplementing tea seedlings with similar age and size, leaving 2-3 tea seedlings in each root, applying fertilizer once in spring and before budding in the tea growth process, applying 65Kg of urea to each mu after rain, applying fertilizer once before the tea plants grow to summer of the current year, applying 32Kg of urea to each mu after rain, applying fertilizer once again when the tea plants grow to 9-11 months of the current year, applying 32Kg of urea to each mu after rain, and applying phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer correspondingly if tea seedlings with slow growth vigor exist;
in the tea leaf growing process, 3 times of pruning are carried out on the tea leaves every year, and the pruning is respectively carried out at the end of spring, at the end of summer and at the end of autumn;
example 4:
after the white dew is too solar in autumn, tea seeds are sown in the middle of a furrow with the width of 2.2m in two rows, the row spacing is 0.55m, the distance between every two roots in each row is 0.35m, and each root is 4 full seeds;
cultivating and weeding 20-30 days after seedling emergence, and applying a liquid nitrogen fertilizer in the form of water fertilizer once after autumn, wherein strip-shaped corn straws with the thickness of 2.0cm are laid on the earth surface around tea plants, wherein the strip-shaped corn straws are cut by the corn straws and have a strip-shaped structure with the sectional area of 1cm, the corn straws are laid in a net-shaped structure, and the area of meshes is controlled to be 3-4cm2
Selecting and supplementing seedlings after spring beginning in the next year, removing the seedlings with weak growth vigor, supplementing tea seedlings with similar age and size, leaving 2-3 tea seedlings in each root, applying fertilizer once in spring and before budding in the tea growth process, applying 65Kg of urea to each mu after rain, applying fertilizer once before the tea plants grow to summer of the current year, applying 32Kg of urea to each mu after rain, applying fertilizer once again when the tea plants grow to 9-11 months of the current year, applying 32Kg of urea to each mu after rain, and applying phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer correspondingly if tea seedlings with slow growth vigor exist;
in the tea leaf growing process, 3 times of pruning are carried out on the tea leaves every year, and the pruning is respectively carried out at the end of spring, at the end of summer and at the end of autumn;
example 5:
after the white dew is too solar in autumn, tea seeds are sown in the middle of a furrow with the width of 2.2m in two rows, the row spacing is 0.55m, the distance between every two roots in each row is 0.35m, and each root is 4 full seeds;
cultivating and weeding 20-30 days after seedling emergence, and applying a liquid nitrogen fertilizer in the form of water fertilizer once after autumn, wherein strip-shaped corn straws with the thickness of 2.0cm are laid on the earth surface around tea plants, wherein the strip-shaped corn straws are cut by the corn straws and have a strip-shaped structure with the sectional area of 1cm, the corn straws are laid in a net-shaped structure, and the area of meshes is controlled to be 3-4cm2
Selecting and supplementing seedlings after spring beginning in the next year, removing seedlings with weak growth vigor, supplementing tea seedlings with similar age and size, reserving 2-3 tea seedlings for each root, applying fertilizer once in spring and before budding in the tea growth process, applying 140Kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu after ditching among tea rows, covering with soil, applying fertilizer once before and after the tea plants grow to summer of the current year, applying 70Kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu after ditching among the tea rows, covering with soil, applying fertilizer once again after the tea plants grow to 9-11 months of the current year, applying 70Kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu after ditching among the tea rows, covering with soil, and applying phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer correspondingly if tea seedlings with slow growth vigor exist;
in the tea leaf growing process, 3 times of pruning are carried out on the tea leaves every year, and the pruning is respectively carried out at the end of spring, at the end of summer and at the end of autumn;
example 6:
after the white dew is too solar in autumn, tea seeds are sown in the middle of a furrow with the width of 2.2m in two rows, the row spacing is 0.55m, the distance between every two roots in each row is 0.35m, and each root is 4 full seeds;
20-30 days after emergence of seedlings, intertillage weeding and seedling fertilizer application are carried out, thin and liquid human urine manure or urea water is used, when the tea plants enter winter, a layer of strip-shaped corn straws with the thickness of 2.0cm is laid on the ground surface around the tea plants, the corn straw strips are of strip-shaped structures with the sectional areas of 1cm and formed by cutting the corn straws, the corn straws are laid in a net-shaped structure, and the areas of meshes are controlled to be 3-4cm2
Selecting and supplementing seedlings after spring beginning in the next year, removing seedlings with weak growth vigor, supplementing tea seedlings with similar age and size, reserving 2-3 tea seedlings for each root, applying fertilizer once in spring and before budding in the tea growth process, applying 140Kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu after ditching among tea rows, covering with soil, applying fertilizer once before and after the tea plants grow to summer of the current year, applying 70Kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu after ditching among the tea rows, covering with soil, applying fertilizer once again after the tea plants grow to 9-11 months of the current year, applying 70Kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu after ditching among the tea rows, covering with soil, and applying phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer correspondingly if tea seedlings with slow growth vigor exist;
in the tea leaf growing process, 3 times of pruning are carried out on the tea leaves every year, and the pruning is respectively carried out at the end of spring, at the end of summer and at the end of autumn;
example 7:
after the white dew is too solar in autumn, tea seeds are sown in the middle of a furrow with the width of 2.2m in two rows, the row spacing is 0.55m, the distance between every two roots in each row is 0.35m, and each root is 4 full seeds;
20-30 days after seedling emergence, intertillage weeding is carried out, seedling fertilizer is promoted, and thin and liquid human urine manure or urea water is used;
selecting and supplementing seedlings after spring beginning in the next year, removing seedlings with weak growth vigor, supplementing tea seedlings with similar age and size, reserving 2-3 tea seedlings for each root, applying fertilizer once in spring and before budding in the tea growth process, applying 140Kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu after ditching among tea rows, covering with soil, applying fertilizer once before and after the tea plants grow to summer of the current year, applying 70Kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu after ditching among the tea rows, covering with soil, applying fertilizer once again after the tea plants grow to 9-11 months of the current year, applying 70Kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu after ditching among the tea rows, covering with soil, and applying phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer correspondingly if tea seedlings with slow growth vigor exist;
in the tea leaf growing process, 3 times of pruning are carried out on the tea leaves every year, and the pruning is respectively carried out at the end of spring, at the end of summer and at the end of autumn;
the survival of the tea plants after early spring, and the yield at first picking were tested on the above examples, with the following results:
survival rate in winter
Experimental group Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7
Survival rate of tea plants in early spring 82.1% 85.8% 87.1% 95.6% 94.8% 80.9% 76.1%
Average tea yield per mu
Experimental group Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7
Tea yield/jin per mu 98.1 100.4 99.7 105.8 104.9 98.5 90.1
From the analysis of the above results, it can be seen from the comparison between examples 1 and 2 and between examples 3 and 4 that the corn stalk laying scheme of the present invention enables tea leaves to have good antifreezing effect in winter, and the corn stalks cut into strips are more easily decomposed, and since the corn stalks are decomposed to release nitrogen-containing substances, growth nutrition is provided for tea seedlings, so that the tea leaves are more easily survived, and the tea leaves grow stronger after early spring, thereby increasing the tea yield, and the corn stalks in a net structure have better air permeability than the corn stalks laid randomly, so that oxygen can enter the soil, thereby ensuring that the roots of the tea seedlings can grow normally, and the same importance is placed on the survival rate;
comparing example 5 with example 6, it can be seen that the additional fertilization of the tea leaves in the early growth stage and after autumn can better ensure the growth requirement of the tea leaves and resist the severe environment after winter for the tea seedlings;
as can be seen from statistical tables and analysis, the survival rate of the tea leaves is improved by about 8% by the scheme of the invention, and the yield of the tea leaves is improved by about 5%.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A novel tea planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after the white dew is too solar in autumn, sowing tea seeds in the middle of a ridge land with the width of 1.8-2.2m in two rows with the row spacing of 0.45-0.55m, the distance between each root in each row of 0.25-0.35m and 4-5 full seeds per root;
20-30 days after seedling emergence, intertillage weeding is carried out, seedling fertilizer is promoted, and thin and liquid human urine manure or urea water is used;
selecting and supplementing seedlings in spring next year, removing the seedling with weak growth vigor, and supplementing the tea seedlings with the same age and similar size to each other, so that 2-3 tea seedlings are left in each stump;
pruning the tea plant of common tea once in one year when picking, and pruning the tea plant of rare tea 3-4 times in one year;
in winter after emergence of seedlings in the step (2), a layer of corn straws cut into strips is laid on the ground surface around the tea seedlings, and the thickness of the corn straws is 1.5-2 cm;
after seedling selection and seedling supplement are completed in the step (3), fertilization is performed for one time from spring to budding, 55-65Kg of urea or 140Kg of ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu, the fertilization is performed for another time when the summer reaches the front and back, the fertilization is performed for another time when the autumn reaches 9-11 months, the total amount of the fertilization in summer and the autumn is half of that in spring, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the slow-growing tea plants.
2. The novel tea planting method according to claim 1, wherein the additional seedling-accelerating fertilizer in step (2) is applied once again after autumn, and the additional seedling-accelerating fertilizer is mainly applied in the form of nitrogen fertilizer and water fertilizer.
3. The novel tea planting method according to claim 1, wherein when the corn stalks are laid in the step (2), the corn stalks in a strip shape are cut from the corn stalks, and the cross-sectional area of the cut corn stalks is 0.8-1cm2
4. The novel tea planting method according to claim 3, wherein when the corn stalks are laid in the step (2), the corn stalks are laid in a net-shaped structure, and the area size of the net holes is 3-4cm2
5. The novel tea planting method of claim 1, wherein the ammonium bicarbonate used in step (3) is applied after rain, while soil is applied by digging furrows between rows of tea leaves.
CN202011574663.6A 2020-12-28 2020-12-28 Novel tea planting method Pending CN112673874A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106416888A (en) * 2016-09-24 2017-02-22 安徽省拓谷平川农业综合开发有限公司 Planting method for organic tea intercropping
CN106416887A (en) * 2016-09-24 2017-02-22 安徽省拓谷平川农业综合开发有限公司 Organic tea planting method
CN106613617A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-05-10 道真仡佬族苗族自治县渝信有机茶叶有限公司 Method for planting tea trees

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106416888A (en) * 2016-09-24 2017-02-22 安徽省拓谷平川农业综合开发有限公司 Planting method for organic tea intercropping
CN106416887A (en) * 2016-09-24 2017-02-22 安徽省拓谷平川农业综合开发有限公司 Organic tea planting method
CN106613617A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-05-10 道真仡佬族苗族自治县渝信有机茶叶有限公司 Method for planting tea trees

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
杨兴叶: """都匀毛尖茶"茶园高效栽培技术""" *
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