CN1125906A - 三环聚氮杂大环膦酸,复合物及衍生物以及作为对照剂的应用 - Google Patents
三环聚氮杂大环膦酸,复合物及衍生物以及作为对照剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1125906A CN1125906A CN94192528A CN94192528A CN1125906A CN 1125906 A CN1125906 A CN 1125906A CN 94192528 A CN94192528 A CN 94192528A CN 94192528 A CN94192528 A CN 94192528A CN 1125906 A CN1125906 A CN 1125906A
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- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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Abstract
本发明披露了三和四环聚氮杂大环磷酸化合物和其衍生物,它们可与Gd,Mn或Fe离子形成惰性复合物。该复合物的电荷可变化从而可在体内改变生物定位。该复合物用作诊断用的对照剂。
Description
本发明涉及配位体,其为三环聚氮杂大环膦酸,复合物及其衍生物,在磁共振成像术(MRI)中作为对照剂的应用。为更好了解本发明,简述MRI的背景如下。
MRI为一种非伤害性的诊断技术,它能提供动物体,特别是人体内软组织的高解析度的截面图像。本技术基于某些原子核的特性(例如,水质子),该类原子核有磁矩[被数学公式所定义,参见G.M.Barrow,Physical Chemistry,3rd Ed.McGraw—Hill,NY(1973)],调整在适用的磁场下,一旦被调整,该平衡状态会由于应用外界的无线电频率(RF)脉冲而被破坏。该脉冲使质子偏离磁场的调整,当RF脉冲停止后,该原子核恢复其平衡状态,而所需的时间称为弛豫时间包含自旋晶格(T1)和自旋—自旋(T2)两个参数,测量这些参数可获得分子结构及质子与周围环境相互作用的程度等信息。
由于生命组织中水的含量是很重要的而又是多变的,且其含量变化由所处组织类型间的环境来决定。所得到的生物体诊断图像反映了质子的浓度和弛豫时间。所测得的组织中存在的质子弛豫时间(T1和T2)的差异愈大,则在所得的图像中的反差也愈大[例如,J.Magnetic Resonance 33,83—106(1979)]。
已知顺磁性螯合物具有对称的电子基态,它能显著地影响并置的水质子T1和T2的弛豫率。在这一点上螯合物的效应部分地与产生磁矩的未成对电子数有关[例如,Magnetic Rosonance Annual,231—266,Raven Press,NY(1985)]。另有事实表明,当将此类顺磁性螯合物给予活的动物服用后,对不同组织中的T1和T2的影响程度可在螯合物定位区域内,通过增加的对照物,直接从磁共振(MR)成像中观察到。所以可建议给予动物服用稳定的,无毒的顺磁性螯合物,以增加得自MRI的诊断信息[例如,Frontiers of Biol.Energetics1,752—759(1978);J.Nucl.Med.25,506—513(1984);Proc.of NMR Imaging Symp.(Oct.26—27,1980);F.A.Cotton et al.Adv.Inorg.Chem.634—639(1966)]。这种方法所采用的顺磁性金属螯合物被称为对照增强剂或对照剂。
在着手设计MRI对照剂时,有多种顺磁性金属离子可供选择,然而实际上最常的顺磁性金属离子是镓(Gd+3),铁(Fe+3),锰(Mn+2)及(Mn+3)和铬(Cr+3),因为它们有很大的磁矩,对水质子有很强的放应。在非复合物状态下(例如,GdCl3),这些金属离子对动物是有毒的,因而简单类型的盐的应用受到限制。所以,有机螯合剂(也称为配位体)的基本作用是将无毒的顺磁性金属给予动物服和,而保存其对所处环境中的水质子的T1和T2弛豫率具有所期的影响。
MRI领域里的理论技术是相当广泛的,因而下列总结不打算作详细论述,而仅公是对该领域及类似结构的化合物作一个综述。美国专利4,899,755公开了一种在动物体内肝脏或胆管处改变NMR弛豫时间的方法,它所采用的是Fe+3—亚乙基—双(2—羟基苯基甘氨酸)复合物及其衍生物,并建议在改用其它化合物时,可采用吡啶大环亚甲基羧酸。美国专利4,880,008(美国专利4,899,755续篇)公开了大鼠肝脏组织的附加的成像数据,但未显示另外的复合物。美国专利4,980,148公开了镓翁复合物,它是用于MRI的非环化合物。C.J.Broan等[J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Connun.,1739—1741(1990)]描述了某些双功能基的大环亚膦酸化合物。C.J.Broan等[J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun.,1738—1739(1990)]描述的化合物是三氮杂二环化合物。I.K.Adzamli等[J.Med.Chem.,32,139—144(1989)]描述了NMR成像所用的镓翁配合物的无环膦酸酯衍生物。
目前,在美国唯一能获得的商品对照剂是镓与二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA—Gd+3,Schering公司产品MagnevisTM)以及DO3A衍生物[1,4,7—三(羧甲基)—10—(2—羟丙基)—1,4,7,10—四氮杂环十二烷基]镓翁(Squibb公司产品ProhanceTM。MagnevisTM和ProbanceTM被认为是非专一性/灌流剂,由于它们自由分布在细胞外液,而后从肾脏有效地排除。MagnevistTM被证实在脑损伤的诊断方面很有价值,由于它能通过血脑屏障,使对照剂流向受影响的区域。除了MagnevistTM之外,Guerbet正在市场上销售一种大环灌流剂[1,4,7,10—四双(羧甲基)—1,4,7,10—四氮杂环十二烷]镓翁(DotaremTM),其为目前仅在欧洲市场上能买到。ProhanceTM比起Mag-nevistTM来,几乎没有副作用。其它一些潜在的对照剂正处于不同的研究阶段。
本发明涉及新颖的配位体,即三环和四环聚氮杂大环化合物及其衍生物或者其药学上可接受的盐类,其通式如下:其中Y是(A)或(B)式T是—CH2COOH,或其中:R为OH,C1—C5烷基或—O—(C1—C5烷基):前提条件是两个T片断是相同的,或者其中一个T为
R1是OH或OCH3;R2是NO2,NH2,异硫氰酰基,脲氨基,硫代脲氨基,马来亚酰胺基,溴乙酰胺基或羧基。
当上述式(I)配位体具有如下基团时:
所有的T是—CH2—P(I)ROH,其中R是OH,或其药学上可接受的盐,此时该配位体系指:(A)为BP2P以及(B)为TP3P;
所有的T是—CH2—COOH,或其药学上可接受的盐,此时该配位体系指:(A)为BP2A以及(B)为TP3A;
所用的T是—CH2—P(O)ROH时,其中R为—O—(C1—C5)烷基),或其药学上可接受的盐,此时该配位体系指:(A)为BP2(O—Alk)P以及(B)为TP3(O—AlK)P;且
所有的T是—CH2—P(O)ROH时,其中R为C1—C5烷基,或其药学上可接受的盐,此时该配位体系指:(A)为BP2(AlK)P及(B)为TP3(AlK)P。
本发明的复合物可用来设计提供特定的总电荷,其优点为影响体内生物定位和成像的对比度。例如,当金属离子为+3,可获得如下对照剂:
总电荷-3,当式(I)为IP3P时,它可用作为钙化组织对照剂;
总电荷-1,当式(I)为BP2P时,它可用作为钙化组织对照剂;
总电荷0,当式(I)为TP3A,TP3(O—AlK)P或TP3(AlK)P时,它们可用作为全身灌流对照剂;且总电荷+1,当式(I)为BP2A,BP2(O—AlK)P,或BP2(AlK)P时,它们可用作为钙化组织对照剂。
该复合物可配制成为药学上可接受的剂型,给予动物服用。
当一个T术语不是—CH2—COOH或—CH2—PO2—HR时,则该化合物为双功能配位体/复合物,它可通过R2与一个生物活性分子相连接。
为了式(I)化合物的命名目的,排出结构式中各原子的序号如下:
本发明的一个方面着重开发经过合成修饰的顺磁性螯合物的对照剂,使之具有位置特异性,能被释放到所期的组织中。它的优点是增加组织亲合力为基础的,在有影响区域的对比度,相反于起因为非特异性灌注的对比度,在用细胞外试剂时也许是明显的或者是不明显的。
式(I)配位体的特异性可通过调节总电荷和复合物的亲脂性来实现。该复合物的总电荷的范围,可以是-3到+1(同上所述)。例如,当复合物有2或3个PO3H2基团(BP2P及TP3P)时,总电荷为高的负值,期望被骨吸收;当复合物的总电荷为0时[即中性,TP3A,TP3(O—AlK)P及TP3(AlK)P],该复合物能通过血脑屏障,且正常的脑组织吸收或许有可能。未预料到的是具有总电荷为+1的复合物[BP2A,BP2(O—AlK)P及BP2(AlK)P],表现为胃吸收。
并非受理论所束缚,但可相信,当制成本发明的带电荷复合物时(例如,可能为-3,骨骼;-1,肝脏;+1,心脏),螯合物离子的电荷变化会影响生物定位。
螯合物对天然存在或合成分子(例如经过R2),通过离子或共价键起附着和作(该分子具有对所需靶组织的特异性),也可以实现组织特异性。本方法的应用之一是将螯合物与单克隆抗体结合,使之将顺磁性螯合物输送到发病的组织,其能通过MRI技术来影响。此外,将顺磁性螯合物附着于大分子,能进一步增强对照剂的效果,从而与未结合的螯合物相比,经改良的对照剂的效果有所改善。Lauffer最近的工作(美国专利4,880,008及4,889,755)已经用实验说明了改变亲脂性可以产生组织特异性试剂,且增加亲脂性有利于与血球蛋白的非共价相互作用,从而提高弛豫性。
式(I)及本发明中所涉及的术语进一步定义如下:
“C1—C5烷基”包括直链和支链的烷基。
“动物”包括热血哺乳动物,特别是人。
“复合物”系指本发明的复事物,如式(I)与金属离子复合,其间至少有一个金属原子被螯合或被多价螯合。
“生物活性物质”系指葡聚糖,多肽或与受体有特殊亲和力的分子,或为较可取的抗体或抗体片断。
“抗体”系指任何多克隆,单克隆,嵌合抗体或杂抗体,较可取的是单克隆抗体“抗体片断”包括Fab片段和F(ab’)片段,以及对所要求的抗原决定簇或多个决定簇具有特异性的抗人体上的任何片段。当使用术语“放射性金属螯合物/抗体共轭物”或“其轭物”时,“抗体”意味着包含有整个抗体和/或抗体片断,包括半合成的及其基因工程的变体产物。可能采用的抗体有:1116—NS—19—9(抗结肠直肠癌),1116—NS—3d(抗CEA)703D4(抗体肺癌),704Al(抗人体肺癌),CC49,CC83及B72.3。杂交细胞系1116—NS—19—9,1116—NS—3d,703D4,704Al,CC49,CC83及B72.3保存于美国标准菌库(American Type Culture Collection)相应的代码分别是ATCC HB8059 ATcc CRL8019,ATccHB 8301,ATCC HB 8302,ATCCHB 9459,ATCC HB 9453及ATCC HB 8108。
式I中所述的双功能基配位试剂可用于螯合或多价螯合金属离子,使之成金属离子螯合物(也称为“复合物”),由于存在有功能基(在式(I)中,以R2来表示),该类复合物能够与生物活性物质,如葡聚糖,与受体有特异亲和力的分子。或较可取的是与抗体或抗体片断进行共轭结合。因此,本文所述复合物可与抗体或抗体片断或有受体特异亲和力的分子进行共价结合,被称为“共轭”。
本文所用的“药学上可接受的盐”系指式(I)化合物的任一的盐或混合盐,它们在给动物,特别是人服用时是相对无毒的,因为,根据本发明,该盐是有用的。按常规的反应,从有机和无机途径生成盐的代表实例有,硫酸,盐酸,磷酸,乙酸,琥珀酸,柠檬酸,乳酸,马来酸,富马酸,棕榈酸,胆酸,双羟萘酸,粘酸,谷氨酸、葡糖酸,d—樟脑酸,戊二酸,乙醇酸,邻苯二甲酸,酒石酸,甲酸,月桂酸,硬脂酸,水杨酸,甲磺酸,苯磺酸,山梨酸,苦味酸,苯甲酸,肉桂酸及其它合适的酸。也包括按常规方法从有机或无机途径如氨或1—去氧—1—(甲氨基)—D—糖醇,碱金属离子,碱土金属离子及类似的离子生成的盐。特别可取的式(I)化合物的盐为钾,钠,铵盐。也包括上述的混合物。
可用不同方法来制备式(I)化合物,下列反应通式提供了典型的制备通式。
在路线1中,制备3Y为(A)或(B)且所有T片断均为—CH2—COOH的式(I)化合物。
含水碱为碱金属氢氧化物,如NaOH或KOH。反应的PH保持在约8~10,温度约60~90℃,反应压力并不关键,因此可采用常压。
路线2其中Y1的定义同前述Y中的(A)以及氮原子被氢原子取代的(B);Y3的定义同前述Y中的(A)以及氮原子被—CH2—PO3H2取代的(B)。
路线2中的水解步骤可用已知的酸水解条件,如用3~12M的HCl。反应的PH保持在3以下。温度保持在回流温度,压力不关键,可采用常压。另外,当反应在第一步时,可采用磷酸,盐酸和过量的甲醛。反应的PH保持在2以下,温度为回流温度,压力不关键,可以采用常压。
在路线3中,式(I)化合物可按下述方法制备,其中Y为(A)或(B),所有的T基团为其中:R为—O(C1—C5烷基)
路线3其中:Y1的定义同前述Y中的(A)以及氮原子被氢取代的(B);Y4的定义同前述的Y中的(A)以及氮原子为—CH2—PO2HR取代的(B);且R为—O—(C1—C5烷基)
路线3中的水解用已知的碱水解条件进行,如使用过量的碱金属氢氧化物,如NaOH或KOH。反应的PH>9,温度为回流温度,压力不关键,常压即可。
在路线4中,式(I)化合物可按下述方法制备,其中Y为(A)或(B),所有的T基团为
其中:R为C1—C5烷基
路线4显示了式(I)化合物的制备,其中R为甲基
路线4其中Y1的定义同前述Y中的(A)和氮原子被氢取代的(B);Y5的定义同前述Y中的(A)和氮原子被—CH2—PO(OH)CH3取代的(B)。
路线4中的水解可采用已知的碱水解条件,如采用过量的碱金属氢氧化物,如NaOH或KOH,反应的PH>9,回流温度,压力不关键,可采用常压。
路线5显示了式(I)化合物的制备,其中R为乙基。
路线5的反应在盐酸酸性条件下进行。反应的PH<3,回流温度,压力不关键,常压即可。
路线6显示了式(I)化合物的制备,当其中的一个T为双功能团,其余T的定义同式(I)中的定义。
其中:Y1的定义同前述Y中的(A)以及氮原子被氢取代时的(B);Y7的定义同前述Y中的(A)以及氮原子被—CH2—CO2H取代时的(B)。
在上述路线中,用普遍适用的反应步骤说明了可以完成所需反应的特殊反应步骤。这些步骤的一般描述如下。
用于制备路线1—6中所述的2∶2及3∶3的大环前体的一般合成方法在J.Org.Chem.53,3521—3529(1988)中由Pappalerdo等人作了描述。图示1中所述的羧酸衍生物可用常规的烷基化方法来制备,即在碱性含水条件下采用氯或溴乙酸且采用合适的仲胺大环起始原料。
路线2中所列膦酸衍生物可以通过用亚磷酸三烷基酯及多聚甲醛对胺进行烷基化,生成一种有机可溶性过酸酯,该酯在酸性回流条件下水解生成所需的氨基膦酸。此外,膦酸也可以在酸性条件下,即采用磷酸与甲醛和盐酸相结合的条件来制备。
膦酸半酯可用路线3所示方法制备,即首先形成膦酸二烷基酯,然后在碱性条件下水解。碱水解将使之专一地向半酯转化。
路线4说明了合成亚膦酸甲酯衍生物的方法学,其采用二乙氧甲基膦作亲核试剂并采用多聚甲醛。缩合可在THF,DMF,二恶烷,乙腈或醇溶剂中进行,生成的亚膦酸酯在酸性条件(例如6NHCl,80—100℃)或碱性条件(过量的碱,40—100℃)下进行水解,得到相应的甲基膦酸。此外,也可以采用路线5中列出的由A.D.Sherry等人(Inorg.Chem.1991年提供)设计的方法(采用就地产生的乙基膦酸)获得具有增加的亲脂特性的亚膦酸酯衍生物。
路线6说明了式(I)双功能基化合物的制备,其之后将与生物活性物质相连。
本发明中用于形成复合物的金属离子为Gd+3,Mn+2,Fe+3以及有市售的,例如可从Aldrich化学品公司购得。阴离子为卤素,较好的是氯或游离盐(金属氧化物)。
本发明中“顺磁性核素”意味着显示旋转角动量和/或轨道角动量的金属离子。两种类型的动量合并在一起即为观察到的顺磁矩,其主要取决于原子上未成对电子,并且还取决于这类原子所处的环境。在本发明的实践中已发现很有用的顺磁性核素是钆(Gd+3),铁(Fe+3)以及锰(Mn+2),其中Gd+3是较好的。
复合物可用已知方法制备,例如参看Chelating Agents and MetalChelates,Dwyer & Meilor,Academic Press(1964),Chapter 7。也可以参看制备氨基酸的方法(Synthetic Production and Utilization ofAmino Acids,(Kameko等人出版)Johm Wiley & Sen(1974))。制备复合物的实例涉及在PH=5~7的水溶液条件下,使双环聚氮杂大环膦酸与金属离子进行反应,通过化学键形成复合物,产生一个稳定的顺磁性核素组合物,例如,相对于顺磁性核素从配位体的解离来说是稳定的。
在本发明的复合物中,配位体与金属的摩尔比例至少为约1∶1,较好的是从1∶1~3∶1,最好是1∶1~1.5~1。大量过量的配位体可对动物产生毒性或引起心动停止或低血钙惊厥,因此是不希望有的。
本发明可采用生理上可接受的载体,赋形剂或载体。用于制备这类配方的方法是已知的。配方可以是悬浮液,注射液或其它合适的配方。可以采用生理上可接受的悬浮介质,带有或无辅助剂。
配方的“有效剂量”是用于诊断的,根据动物的病情和物理参数(如体重)来调整剂量。体为诊断也在期望能采用本发明的配方。
本发明的某些螯合剂的其它用途有,从体内除去不需要的金属(如铁),与用于各种目的的支持物相连接,例如诊断剂,以及用选择性提取方法除去金属离子。具有至少两个R术语,T相当于P(O)R’OH的式(I)配位体可以作为规模抑制剂用于金属离子的控制。这些配位体中的某些配位体的用量可以少于化学计算量。在美国专利2,609,390;3,331,773;3,336,221;以及3,434,969中描述的化合物也可有相似的用途。
通过下列实例将进一步阐明本发明,,这些实例意在于给出本发明的例证及示范。
下列实例中所采用的某些述语的定义如下:
LC=液相层析,纯化是采用Dionex 2010i系统配备有手工填充的Q—SepharoseTM阴离子交换柱(23×2cm)在低压下进行的。
DMF=二甲基甲酰胺
AcOH=乙酸
g=克
mg=毫克
kg=公斤
ml=毫升
μl=微升PH稳定性一般操作程序
将2μl3×10-4M159GdCl3的0.1N HCl溶液加到2ml3×10-4MGdCl3的载体溶液中制备成一个159GdCl3(or153SmCl3)储备液。然后在去离子水中制备合适的配位体溶液。通过使配位体(溶于100—500μl去离子水中)与2ml 159GdCl3储备液进行结合,然后进行充分混合可以制备1∶1配位体/金属复合物,其为一酸性溶液(pH=2)。用0.1NNaOH使溶液的PH升为7,形成复合物的金属百分比可采用使复合物样品溶液通过SephadexTM G—50柱(以4∶1的盐水(85%NaCl/NH4OH)作洗脱剂,收集2×3ml组分来进行测定。然后将合并的洗脱液中放射活性与留存于树脂(未复合的金属保留在树脂上)的放射活性相比较。用1M NaOH或1M HCl调节复合物溶液等分试样的PH值,用上述离子交换方法测定以复合物形式存在的金属百分比即可获得PH稳定性的概况(轮廓)。Sm结果通过本发明配位体的配位及生物分布的实验比较得知是相同的。配位体的合成
一般的原料和方法
所有试剂可从市场购得,无需进一步纯化即可使用。除非另有说明,NMR光谱是由Bruker Ac—250 MHz光谱仪配备有多核四元探头(1H,13C,31P及19F)在297°K下测定而得的。D2O中的1H光谱可以通过溶剂抑制脉冲序列(“PRESAT”;同核预饱和)来测定并记录,1H光谱可与位于δ7.26处的残余CHCl3(于CDCl3)或δ3.55处的外标二恶烷(溶于重水D2O)进行参比。记录的13C和31P光谱是质子去偶的(宽带)。13C{1H}化学位移的确定由DEPT(无畸变极化增强转移)实验辅助而得。可将13C{1H}光谱与CDCl3中心峰(δ位于77.00,溶于CDCl3中)及外标二恶烷(δ位于66.66,溶于D2O)进行参比。31P{1H}光谱可与外标85%H3PO4(δ0.00)进行参比。熔点测定采用毛细管熔融方法,不经校正。在低压(<600psi)下用标准玻璃柱装备:手填Q—SepharoseTM(阴离子交换)或SP—SepharoseTM(阳离子交换)玻璃柱进行半制备离子交换层析分离,使用的检测器为联机UV检测器,波长=263nm,洗脱并检测。Gc/Ms光谱则采用Hewleff Packard 5890A气相层析/5970质量选择检测器。起始物料实例AN,N’—二甲苯磺酰基—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)(吡啶并环烷)(pydinophane)的制备
80℃,N2气氛下,将2,6—双(氯甲基)吡啶(12.32g,70mmol)的DMF(200ml)溶液滴加(在1.5hr之内)到正在搅拌的甲基磺酰胺钠盐(TsNHNa)(13.52g,70mmol)的无水DMF(1.3L)溶液中。1小时后,再次加入固体TsNHNa(13.52g,70mmol),混合物于80℃下搅拌16小时。冷却至室温,倾析,真空蒸除溶剂,生成的残渣与丙酮混合,过滤,得一蜡状固体,后者继续用丙酮(300ml)提取(Soxlet)48小时。在加热烧瓶的底部分离出以沉淀形式存在的产品,干燥后,分出白色粉末(5.24g,27%),m.p.=246—248℃,进一步鉴定如下1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ2.42(s,6H),4.38(s,8H),6.99(d,4H),7.40-7.49(m,6H),7.88(d,4H);and13C{1H}NMR(DMSO-d6)δ20.91,55.55,122.12,126.92,129.88,135.99,137.03,143.30,154.71;
并证明具如下结构
将实例A中制得的N,N’—二甲苯磺酰基—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)吡啶并环烷(5.24g,9.5mmol)溶于90%H2SO4(48ml)中,并于110℃下加热搅拌2小时。冷至室温,用冰浴冷却下慢慢加入去离子水(50ml)稀释。生成的溶液倾入25%NaOH溶液(200ml)(其用冰浴冷却)中,生成的白色固体用CHCl3(3×100ml)提取,无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩至干,得白色蜡状的标题产品(1.69g,74%)进一步鉴定如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3)
δ3.91(s,8H),6.47(d,4H),7.06(t,2H);and
13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3)
作为付产物可由制备N,N’—二甲苯磺酰基—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(由实例A制得,Soxlet(索氏)提取后,剩余部分保留于提取器套管)的反应中分离出得到,m.p.260—262℃,进一步的鉴定如下:1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ2.31(s,9H),4.08(s,12H),7.01(d,4H),7.30(d,6H),7.52(t,3H),7.67(d,6H);and13C{1H}NMR(DMSO-d6)δ20.92,54.03,120.55.127.13,129.83,135.12,136.83,143.45,155.47;
将实例C中制得的N,N’,N”—三甲苯磺酰基—2,11,20—三氮杂[3,3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(0.5g,0.61mmol)溶于90%H2SO4(6ml)中,于110℃下搅拌加热2小时。冷至室温,在冰浴冷却下,向其中慢慢加入去离子水(6ml)稀释。然后将生成的溶液倾入25%NaOH溶液(22ml)(用冰浴冷却的)中,生成的白色固体用CHCl3(2×30ml)提取,无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩至干,得标题产品,其为白色蜡状固体(0.167g,76%);进一步的鉴定如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.03(s,3H),3.93(s,12H),7.08(d,6H),7.54(t,3H);and13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3)δ54.58,120.72,136.50,158.64;GC/质谱M/ZM+360;并如下式所示实例EN,N’—双(亚甲基二甲基膦酸酯)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷的制备
将实例B中制得的2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(276.4mg,1.15mmol)与多聚甲醛(138mg,4.60mmol,过量的)以及亚磷酯三甲酯(0.8l4ml,855mg,4.60mmol,过量的)进行混合。混合物温和搅拌10分钟后,得一混合均匀的浆状物,将其加热至85℃,保持一小时。减压蒸除过量溶剂并除去付产品(1hr,110℃/0.01mmHg),所得深棕色的残渣溶于CHCl3(20ml)中,用去离子水洗涤(5×15ml)。有机层用无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,减压蒸除溶剂,得黄色蜡状固体产品(363mg,65%);进一步的鉴定如下:1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.39(d,4H),3.88(d,12H),4.08(s,8H),6.84(d,4H),7.13(t,2H);and13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3)δ52.75(d),54.88(d),65.21(d),122.71,135.69,157.14;and31PNMR(CDCl3)δ27.22;并如下式所示实例FN,N’—双(亚甲基二乙基膦酸酯)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷的制备。
将实例B中制得的产品2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(0.47g,1.96mmol)与多聚甲醛(235mg,7.84mmol,过量)以及亚磷酸三乙酯(1.34ml,1.30g,7.84mmol,过量)混合,混合物温和搅拌10分钟,得一均匀浆状物,90℃下加热1小时,减压(1hr,125℃/0.01mmHg)蒸除过量试剂和付产物,生成的深棕色残渣溶于CHCl3(20ml)中,用去离子水(5×15ml)洗涤,有机层经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,减压除去溶剂,得黄色蜡状固体产品(957mg,91%);进一步的鉴定如下:1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.24(t,12H),3.20(d,4H),3.94(s,8H),4.07(q,8H),6.71(d,4H),6.98(t,2H);and13C{1H}NMR(CDCl3)δ16.48,55.36(d),61.75(d),65.14(d),122.52,135.41,157.04;and31P{1H}NMR(CDCl3)δ24.60;并如下式所示最终产品配位体:路线1所示的三—和二—亚甲基羧酸
实例1:N,N’—二乙酸—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(BP2A)的制备
搅拌下,向由实例B中制得的2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(82.4mg,0.58mmol)的1ml水溶液中加入溴乙酸(275mg,1.98mmol,过量),通过加入小份浓NaOH,使反应混合物的PH值保持在>10,直至保持PH>11的情况下不再需要更多的苛性钠(~30分钟)。60℃下将反应混合物加热2小时,冷却至室温,调其PH至7,溶液用阳离子交换柱(SP—SepharoseTM)(1.5×50cm)进行层析,先以去离子水作洗脱液,然后再用1M的HCl。含有产品的酸性组分蒸发至干,再与新鲜的去离子水(3×2ml)共蒸发以消除过量的HCl。对上述浓水溶液进行冷冻干燥,分离得最终产品,其为白色固体。进一步的鉴定如下:
1H NMR(D2O)
δ4.17(s,4H),4.43(s,8H),7.15(d,4H),7.66(t,2H);and
13C{1H}NMR(D2O)
δ61.44,61.70,127.46,146.84,154.37,175.62.实例2N,N’,N”—三乙酸—2,11,20—三氮杂[3,3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(TP3A)的制备
搅拌下,向由实例D中制得的2,11,20—三氮杂[3,3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(54.5mg,0.15mmol)的1ml水溶液中加入溴乙酸(100mg,0.72mmol,过量),通过加入小份浓NaOH使反应混合物的PH值保持在10以上,直至在最终PH>11的情况下无需加入更多的苛性钠为止(~30分钟)。混合物于60℃下反应2小时,冷却至室温,调PH至7。水溶液经阳离子交换柱(SP—SepharoseTM)(1.5×50cm)层析,先以去离子水,后以1M HCl作洗脱剂。含有产品的酸性组分蒸发至干,再与新鲜的去离子水(3×2ml)共蒸发以消除过量的HCl。经对上述浓水溶液冷冻干燥,分离出最终产品,其为白色固体;进一步的鉴定如下:
1H NMR(D2O)
δ4.12(s,6H),4.68(s,12H),7.41(d,6H),7.81(t3H);and
13C{1H}NMR(D2O)
δ57.32,60.53,128.57,143.42,152.42,171.17配位体:路线2所示的二亚甲基膦酸的制备实例3N,N’—双(亚甲基膦酸)2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(BP2P)的制备
将由实例E中制得的N,N’—双(亚甲基二甲基膦酸酯)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(255mg,0.53mmol)的浓HCl(37%,4ml)溶液加热回流2.5小时。冷却后,溶液蒸发至干,与新鲜的去离子水(3×2ml)共蒸发以消除过量的HCl。对浓水溶液进行冷冻干燥分离出吸湿性棕色固体,进一步的鉴定如下:
1H NMR(D2O)
δ3.55(d,4H),4.46(brs,8H),6.90(d,4H),7.37(t,2H);and
13C{1H}NMR(D2O)
δ57.80(d),63.74(d),127.02,144.18,152.96;and
31P{1H} NMR(D2O)
δ11.71配位体:路线3所示的二亚甲基膦酸半酯的制备实例4N,N’—双(亚甲基膦酸乙酯)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(BP2EP)的制备
将由实例F中制得的N,N’—双(亚甲基二乙基膦酸酯)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—比啶并环烷(957mg,1.77mmol)与0.1M KOH(7.2ml)相混合,于60℃下加热16小时。冷却冷冻干燥,得一残渣,将其溶于CHCl3/C2H5OH(95/5)中并过滤,减压蒸除溶剂,分离出灰黄色粉末(657mg,66%);进一步的鉴定如下:1H NMR(D2O)δ1.10(t,6H),2.97(d,4H),3.81(q,4H),3.84(s,8H),6.73(d,4H),7/09(t,2H);and13C{1H}NMR(D2O)δ18.98,58.76(d),63.69(d),66.53(d),126.35,140.09,159.37;and31P{1H}NMR(D2O)δ20.65复合物:用于生物分布研究的金属/配位体复合物的制备一般步骤
金属配位体复合物可用各种方法制备。这些方法包括使金属和配位体在水溶液中混合,调PH值至所需值。在含有盐和/或缓冲液以及水的溶液中进行复合化。有时在加热条件下给出的复合物产率要比在常温下得到的复合物产率高。
例如,将配位体溶于去离子水(约PH=2)中制得配位体溶液,将配位体溶液与含有痕量153SmCl3的SmCl3·H2O(3×10-4M的0.01NHCl溶液)。水溶液进行混合,彻底混合后,使复合物溶液的样品通过SephadexTM柱,以4∶1盐水(0.85%NaCl/NH4OH)作洗脱液,收集2×3ml组份,可以测定以复合物形式存在的金属的百分比。将合并洗脱液中的放射活性量与留在树脂上的放射活性量相比,在这些条件下,复合物被洗脱,非复合的金属保留在树脂上,用这种方法获得的复合率一般在95%或以上。
用上述方法,可以制得钐与下列化合物的复合物,
N,N’—二乙酸—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(BP2A),配位体∶金属=4∶1,99%;
N,N’,N”—三乙酸—2,11,20—二氮杂[3,3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(TP3A),配位体∶金属=3∶1,98.6%;
N,N’—双(亚甲基膦酸)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(BP2P),配位体∶金属=3∶1,95%,且
N,N’—双(亚甲基膦酸乙酯)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷(BP2EP),配位体∶金属=4∶1,98%;然而,用相似的方法,也可以制得相应的钆的复合物。生物分布一般步骤
使Sprague Dawley大鼠适应环境五天后,经尾静脉注射100μl复合物溶液。注射时,大鼠的重量在150~2509之间。30分钟后,断颈杀死这些大鼠并分割。各组织中放射活性的量可以通过NaI闪烁计数器(与一个多道分析器相偶联)来测定。将此结果与存在于100μl中的标准物质相比较,从而可测定出每个组织或器官中的剂量百分比。
测定了血中百分比剂量,假设血液占全身总重的6.5%;测定了骨中的百分比剂量,用大腿中百分剂量乘以25即得;测定了肌肉中的百分剂量假设肌肉占全身总体量的43%。
除了器官生物分布以外还对式(I)化合物的螯合进行了评价用以观察骨定位的效率,因为已知膦酸酯具有与磷灰石相结合的能力。试验结果给出如下。实例1
复合物153Sm[N,N’—二乙酸—2,1—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷](153Sm—BP2A)的评价结果列于表1,表中的数字表示在注射给药后2小时每个数据点两只大鼠的最小平均值。
表1153Sm—BP2A百分注射剂量的生物分布
器官 | 平均值 |
骨肝肾脾肌肉血液心脏书脑胃小肠大肠 | 27.980.680.950.010.800.430.020.060.010.050.800.04 |
表1
153Sm—BP2A%注射剂量平均值比率
骨/血 | 骨/肌肉 | 骨/肝 | 骨/脾 |
65 | 35 | 41 | 2.798 |
复合物153Sm[N,N’,N”—三乙酸—2,11,20—二氮杂[3,3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷](153Sm—TP3A)的测定结果列于表II。表中数值表示注射给药2小时后每个数据点一只大鼠的测定结果
表II153Sm—TP3A%注射剂量的生物分布
器官 | %注射剂量 |
骨肝肾脾肌肉血液心脏肺胃小肠大肠 | 1.4950.5700.6390.0680.8330.4370.0160.0470.0361.4260.156 |
表II
153Sm—TP3A%注射剂量平均值比率
骨/血 | 骨/肌肉 | 骨/肝 | 骨/脾 |
3 | 2 | 3 | 22 |
复合物153Sm[N,N’—双(亚甲基膦酸)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷](153Sm—BP2P)的评价结果列于表III,表中数字表示注射给药后2小时每个数据点三只大鼠测得的结果(平均值)。
表III153Sm—BP2P%注射剂量的生物分布
器官 | 平均值 |
骨肝肾脾肌肉血液心脏肺脑胃小肠大肠 | 60.083.711.210.051.530.870.070.170.010.200.390.13 |
表III153Sm—BP2P%注射剂量平均值的比率
骨/血 | 骨/肌肉 | 骨/肝 | 骨/脾 |
69 | 39 | 16 | 1,201 |
复合物153Sm[N,N’—双(亚甲基膦酸乙酯)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷](153Sm—BP2EP)的评价结果列于表IV,表示数据代表注射给药2小时后,每个数据点上3只大鼠的测定结果(平均值)。
表IV153Sm—BP2EP%注射剂量的生物分布
器官 | 平均值 |
骨肝肾脾肌肉血液心脏肺脑胃小肠大肠 | 39.825.970.740.321.210.450.040.190.010.360.330.25 |
表IV153Sm—BP2E%注射剂量平均值的比率
骨/血 | 骨/肌肉 | 骨/肝 | 骨/脾 |
88 | 33 | 7 | 124 |
Claims (26)
2.权利要求1中的化合物,其中所有的T为—CH2—P(O)ROH,其中R为OH。
3.权利要求2中的化合物其中的化合物具式(IA),其具有两个T基团,均为—CH2—P(O)ROH,其中R为OH,或其制药学上可接受的盐类,且其被命名为N,N’—双(亚甲基膦酸)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)吡啶并环烷。
4.权利要求1中化合物,其中所有的T为—CH2COOH。
5.权利要求4中化合物,其中的化合物具式(IA)其具有两个T,均为—CH2—COOH,或者其制药学上可接受的盐类,且被命名为N.N’—二乙酸—2,11—二氮杂[3,3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷。
6.权利要求4中化合物(其中的化合物具式(IB),其具有三个T,均为—CH2COOH,或者其制药学上可接受的盐类,且被命名为N,N’,N”—三乙酸—2,11,20—二氮杂[3,3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷。
7.权利要求1中化合物,其中所有的T为—CH2—P(O)—ROH,(其中的R为—O—(C1—C5—烷基)。
8.权利要求7中化合物其中的化合物具式(IA),其具有两个T,均为—CH2—P(O)ROH(其中的R为O—(C1—C5烷基)),或其制药学上可接受的盐类。
9.权利要求8中化合物,其中R为乙氧基,或者其制药学上可接受的盐类,且被命名为N,N’—双(亚甲基膦酸乙酯)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷。
1O.权利要求1中化合物,其中所有的T为—CH2—P(O)ROH(其中的R为C1—C5烷基)。
11.权利要求1中化合物,其中一个T为其中R1和R2的定义同权利要求1,所有的其它的T为—CH2—COOH。
13.权利要求12中的复合物,其中的金属为Gd+3。
14.权利要求12中的复合物,其中的所有T为—CH2—P(O)ROH,其中R为OH,金属为Gd+3。
15.权利要求14中的复合物(其具有式(IA)),其具有两个T,均为—CH2—P(O)ROH,其中R为OH,或其制药学上可接受的盐类,并被命名为N,N’—双(亚甲基膦酸)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷。
16.权利要求12中的复合物,其中所有的T为—CH2—COOH,且金属为Gd+3。
17.权利要求16中的复合物(其具有式(IA)),其具有两个T,均为—CH2—COOH,或其制药学上可接受的盐类,并被命名为N,N’—二乙酸—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷。
18.权利要求16中的复合物(其中的化合物具式(IB)),其具有三个T,均为—CH2—COOH,或其制药学上可接受的盐类,且被命名为N,N’,N”—三乙酸—2,11,20—二氮杂[3,3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷。
19.权利要求12中的复合物,其中所有的T为CH2—P(O)ROH,其中R为—O—(C1—C5烷基);且金属为Gd+3。
20.权利要求19中的复合物(其具式(IA),其具有两个T,均为—CH2—P(O)ROH,其中R为—O—(C1—C5烷基),或其制药学上可接受的盐类。
21.权利要求20中的复合物(其中R为乙氧基),或其制药学上可接受的盐类,且被命名为N,N’—双(亚甲基膦酸乙酯)—2,11—二氮杂[3,3](2,6)—吡啶并环烷。
22.权利要求12中的复合物,其中所有的T为—CH2—P(O)ROH(其中的R为C1—C5烷基),且金属为Gd+3。
24.包括权利要求12—22中任一复合物与制药学上可接受载体的药物配方。
25.用于诊断动物病情的方法,其包括给予所述动物有效剂量的权利要求23中的配方。
26.制备具下式的三或四环聚氮杂大环化合物的方法其中Y为下式之一T为—CH2—COOH或其中:R为OH,C1—C5烷基或—O—(C1—C5烷基);假设两个T基团均一致,或其制药学上可接受的盐类;其包含下列任一方法:(A)使具下列化合物(其中:当(A)时Y1的定义同式(I)中对Y的定义,当(B)时,氮原子被氢原子取代;且)与X—CH2—COOH(其中X为氯或溴原子)在碱金属氢氧化物水溶液存在下,于pH=8~10,温度60~90℃下进行反应,得到具式(1)的上述化合物,当(A)时具有两个T,均为—CH2—COOH,且当(B)时,具有三个T,均为—CH2COOH;或者(B)使具下式的化合物(其中:当(A)时Y1的定义同式(I)中对Y的定义,当(B)时氮原子被氢原子取代;且)与磷酸(溶于盐酸中)及过量的甲醛在PH<2,回流温度下进行反应;得到一个具式(I)的化合物,当(A)时具有两个T,均为—CH2—PO3H2,且当(B)时,其具有三个T,均为—CH2—PO3H2;或者(C)使具下式的化合物(其中:当(A)时Y1的定义同式(I)中Y的定义,当(B)时,氮原子被氢原子取代;且)与P(OR)3(其中R为C1—C4烷基)在甲醛中进行反应,然后用3—12M的盐酸,于PH<3,回流温度下进行水解;得到具式(I)化合物,在(A)中,其具两个T,均为—CH2—PO3H2,在(B)中,有三个T,均为—CH2—PO3H2;或者(D)使具下式的化合物(其中:当(A)时Y1的定义同式(I)中Y的定义,当(B)时,氮原子被氢原子取代;且)与P(OR)3(其中R为C1—C4烷基)在甲醛溶液中进行反应,然后用过量的碱金属氢氧化物大约在PH>12,回流温度下进行水解;得到式(I)化合物,在(A)中,有两个T,均为—CH2—PO2HR(其中R为O—(C1—C5烷基)),在(B)中,有三个T,均为—CH2—PO2HR(其中R为—O—(C1—C5烷基);或者(E)使具下式的化合物(其中:当(A)时Y1的定义同式(I)中Y的定义,当(B)时,氮原子被氢原子取代;且)与H3C—P(OEt)2在甲醛和THF中进行反应,然后用过量的碱金属氢氧化物在PH>12,回流温度下进行水解,或者与HP(O)OH—C2H5在甲醛和盐酸中,于pH<3,回流温度下进行反应;得到式(I)化合物,在(A)中,有两个T,均为—CH2—PO(OH)R(其中R为C1—C5烷基),且在(B)中,有三个T,均为—CH2—PO(OH)R,(其中R为C1—C5烷基)。
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CN94192528A Pending CN1125906A (zh) | 1993-05-06 | 1994-05-06 | 三环聚氮杂大环膦酸,复合物及衍生物以及作为对照剂的应用 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5385893A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0697872B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3553940B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR960702462A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1125906A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE316377T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU687400B2 (zh) |
BG (1) | BG100194A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2162172A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69434618T2 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI955336A (zh) |
HU (1) | HUT72649A (zh) |
LV (1) | LV11429B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO954441L (zh) |
PL (1) | PL311649A1 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG46496A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1994026276A1 (zh) |
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CN102510774A (zh) * | 2009-09-18 | 2012-06-20 | 科莱恩金融(Bvi)有限公司 | 制备桥联的三氮杂环壬烷的锰络合物的方法 |
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-
1993
- 1993-05-06 US US08/058,622 patent/US5385893A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-05-06 CN CN94192528A patent/CN1125906A/zh active Pending
- 1994-05-06 PL PL94311649A patent/PL311649A1/xx unknown
- 1994-05-06 EP EP94916043A patent/EP0697872B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-06 JP JP52558694A patent/JP3553940B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-06 CA CA002162172A patent/CA2162172A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-05-06 SG SG1996005135A patent/SG46496A1/en unknown
- 1994-05-06 HU HU9502023A patent/HUT72649A/hu unknown
- 1994-05-06 AU AU67849/94A patent/AU687400B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-05-06 KR KR1019950704947A patent/KR960702462A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-05-06 DE DE69434618T patent/DE69434618T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-06 WO PCT/US1994/005071 patent/WO1994026276A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-05-06 AT AT94916043T patent/ATE316377T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-11-06 NO NO954441A patent/NO954441L/no unknown
- 1995-11-06 FI FI955336A patent/FI955336A/fi unknown
- 1995-12-05 BG BG100194A patent/BG100194A/xx unknown
- 1995-12-06 LV LVP-95-361A patent/LV11429B/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102510774A (zh) * | 2009-09-18 | 2012-06-20 | 科莱恩金融(Bvi)有限公司 | 制备桥联的三氮杂环壬烷的锰络合物的方法 |
CN102510774B (zh) * | 2009-09-18 | 2014-07-23 | 科莱恩金融(Bvi)有限公司 | 制备桥联的三氮杂环壬烷的锰络合物的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0697872B1 (en) | 2006-01-25 |
EP0697872A4 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
LV11429B (en) | 1997-04-20 |
CA2162172A1 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
DE69434618T2 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
DE69434618D1 (de) | 2006-04-13 |
JPH08511003A (ja) | 1996-11-19 |
US5385893A (en) | 1995-01-31 |
EP0697872A1 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
PL311649A1 (en) | 1996-03-04 |
BG100194A (en) | 1996-12-31 |
HUT72649A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
AU6784994A (en) | 1994-12-12 |
LV11429A (lv) | 1996-08-20 |
NO954441L (no) | 1996-01-05 |
WO1994026276A1 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
AU687400B2 (en) | 1998-02-26 |
KR960702462A (ko) | 1996-04-27 |
FI955336A (fi) | 1995-12-22 |
SG46496A1 (en) | 1998-02-20 |
FI955336A0 (fi) | 1995-11-06 |
NO954441D0 (no) | 1995-11-06 |
JP3553940B2 (ja) | 2004-08-11 |
ATE316377T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
HU9502023D0 (en) | 1995-09-28 |
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