CN112568068B - Cultivation method for interplanting trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, early spring vegetables, soybeans and autumn-delayed pakchoi - Google Patents
Cultivation method for interplanting trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, early spring vegetables, soybeans and autumn-delayed pakchoi Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting trichosanthes kirilowii and early spring vegetables with soybean and autumn-extending pakchoi, which comprises eight steps of land preparation, early spring soybean seed treatment, management after early spring soybean planting, snakegourd fruit management harvesting, land preparation before autumn-extending pakchoi planting, autumn-extending pakchoi transplanting planting and management after autumn-extending pakchoi planting; according to the invention, the planting mode of snakegourd fruit in cooperation with early spring soybean and autumn cabbage solves the problems of vacant land resources and vacant land planting periods in snakegourd fruit planting, and meanwhile, as the mature period of the autumn cabbage is short, multi-stage planting can be carried out, so that the land utilization rate and the planting mode efficiency are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for interplanting trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim and early spring vegetables with soybean and autumn celery cabbage.
Background
The snakegourd fruit is a perennial climbing type herbaceous plant which is favored to grow in the mountain cliff stone cracks of the deep mountain and the thorn clusters, the fruit, the peel, the kernel (seed) and the rhizome of the snakegourd fruit are superior traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and the planting method comprises three methods of direct seeding of seeds, root division propagation and layering propagation;
most of the existing snakegourd fruit planting methods are to plant snakegourd fruit crops in a field, snakegourd fruit is a three-dimensional planting crop, a large amount of land is vacant below the snakegourd fruit crops, resources are wasted, and meanwhile, the harvested land for planting snakegourd fruit has a vacant period, so that the planting mode is low in efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method for interplanting snakegourd fruit and early spring vegetable soybean and autumn pakchoi, the cultivation method for interplanting snakegourd fruit and early spring vegetable soybean and autumn pakchoi solves the problems of land resource vacancy and land planting vacancy periods in snakegourd fruit planting through cooperation of a planting mode of snakegourd fruit and early spring soybean and autumn pakchoi, meanwhile, due to the fact that the autumn pakchoi is short in mature period, multi-period planting can be conducted, land utilization rate and planting mode efficiency are greatly improved, nutrient components of snakegourd fruit and outer-circle land are not communicated due to the fact that a square-frame greenhouse film below a vine frame is arranged in the snake gourd fruit planting process, nutrients of the land in other crops are guaranteed, meanwhile, diffusion of roots of snakegourd fruit can be limited, and influence on growth of the outer-circle crops is avoided.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a cultivation method for interplanting trichosanthes kirilowii, early spring vegetables, soybeans and autumn-delayed pakchoi includes the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, preparing soil, deeply ploughing and loosening the soil, ridging and ditching the deeply ploughed soil, building pergola at the middle of ridges at equal intervals, digging square frame deep pits around the roots of the pergola, inserting the square frame deep pits into a greenhouse film, filling the greenhouse film, preparing for planting snakegourd fruit, applying farmyard manure added with calcium superphosphate after loosening the soil, and watering for waiting for one day and one night to enable the fertilizer to be dissolved and infiltrated into the soil;
secondly, treating early spring soybean seeds, namely finely picking the early spring soybean seeds in advance, sunning the selected seeds for 2 days, soaking the seeds for half a day by using rooting powder and adding water, taking out the seeds for airing, spraying ammonium molybdate diluted aqueous solution on the soybean seeds, planting the seeds on two sides of a ridge after the seeds are dried, covering a mulching film, and covering fine soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm;
thirdly, managing after the soybeans are planted in early spring, breaking mulching films in time after the soybeans emerge to check and replenish the seedlings, then performing shallow intertillage once after the seedlings emerge for about two weeks, performing deep intertillage once when the soybeans grow in the middle and later stages and close rows, and combining with hilling;
fourthly, planting snakegourd fruit, namely taking out seeds of the preserved mature fruits, soaking the seeds in warm water for one day and one night, taking out the seeds, airing the seeds, putting the aired seeds into wet sand for accelerating germination, and planting the seeds in a square frame formed by a greenhouse film beside the root of a vine frame in the middle of a ridge when a seed tip or a crack appears;
fifthly, managing and harvesting the snakegourd fruit, pulling the stem vines to be placed on a shelf when the stem vines of the snakegourd fruit grow to be more than 50-60cm, removing weak vines, spindly stem vines and multi-axillary bud branches, carrying out artificial pollination when flowering, and picking in batches when the surfaces of fruiting fruits are white and light yellow;
sixthly, preparing soil before planting the autumn-delayed pakchoi, after harvesting early-spring soybeans, fertilizing soil outside a square frame formed by greenhouse film beside the root of a pergola on a ridge, then carrying out shallow intertillage, and uniformly and equidistantly digging shallow pits;
seventhly, transplanting and planting the autumn-delayed pakchoi, namely transplanting the autumn-delayed pakchoi which is grown in advance to shallow pits dug in advance in the morning on a sunny day, filling soil and planting, and watering quantitatively according to the shallow pits after transplanting to moisten the soil around the vegetable seedlings;
and eighthly, managing the planted pakchoi in autumn, watering once a day continuously for one week after planting, properly applying fertilizer by using a method of spraying leaf surfaces after late autumn, and spraying by adding additives until the pakchoi is mature and harvested.
The further improvement is that: the early spring soybean planting time is in the last 2 months of the current year, the early spring soybean is harvested in 7-8 months of the current year, the snakegourd fruit is planted in the middle and last 3 months of the early spring soybean planting period, the snakegourd fruit is harvested in batches in about 10 months of the current year, the autumn-delayed pakchoi is prepared to be planted after the early spring soybean is harvested, the autumn-delayed pakchoi is planted from 9 months to 2 months of the next year, the mature period of the autumn-delayed pakchoi is about one month, and the early spring soybean can be planted in multiple periods.
The further improvement lies in that: the height of the ridge in the first step is 30-35cm, the width of the ridge is 80-100cm, the width of the ditch is 25-30cm, the depth of a pit of the square frame in the first step is 50-60cm, the depth of the pit is 35cm, the square frame is inserted into the greenhouse film and extends out of the ground surface by 4-8cm when the greenhouse film is buried, and the distance between the roots of the pergolas is 150-200cm.
The further improvement is that: and in the second step, early spring soybeans are planted according to the row spacing of 20-30cm and 3-4 grains per hole, and in the third step, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are additionally applied to the soybeans when the soybeans are in the flowering phase.
The further improvement is that: the planting hole is watered earlier when snakegourd fruit seed is planted in the fourth step, treat after water infiltration put into downwards with seed opening kind point or breach planting hole, its planting interval is the same with pergola root interval, snakegourd fruit is grown earlier stage and is got 30-40cm long short branch and insert it and upwards grow the climbing vine by the guide of snakegourd fruit vine in the fifth step, extracts the short branch and pulls it to the pergola when treating that its climbing vine is higher than short branch 10-20 cm.
The further improvement lies in that: and in the sixth step, the bean stalks are pulled up together with roots after the early spring soybeans are harvested, redundant root systems are cleaned during shallow intertillage soil loosening, and shallow pits are dug out at intervals of 15-25 cm.
The further improvement lies in that: the autumn-delayed pakchoi transplanted in the seventh step is sown and bred in a suitable indoor environment or a greenhouse 20-30 days in advance, plants with more than 4-5 true leaves are selected before transplantation for transplantation and field planting, and the additive used in the fertilization in the eighth step is a Kobao plant eugenol.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the planting mode of snakegourd fruit in cooperation with early spring soybean and autumn cabbage is adopted, so that the problems of land resource vacancy and land planting vacancy periods caused by snakegourd fruit planting are solved, meanwhile, due to the fact that the maturity period of autumn cabbage is short, multi-stage planting can be carried out, the land utilization rate and the planting mode efficiency are greatly improved, the nutrient components of snakegourd fruit and outer ring land are not communicated due to the arrangement of the square frame greenhouse film below the vine frame during snakegourd fruit planting, the nutrient of the land during outer ring planting of other crops is ensured, meanwhile, the diffusion of roots of snakegourd fruit can be limited, and the influence on the growth of the outer ring crops is avoided.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the present invention, the following detailed description will be made with reference to the following examples, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a cultivation method for interplanting trichosanthes kirilowii maxim and early spring vegetables with soybean and autumn pakchoi, which includes the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, preparing soil, deeply ploughing and loosening the soil, ridging and ditching the deeply ploughed soil, building pergola at the middle of ridges at equal intervals, digging square frame deep pits around the roots of the pergola, inserting the square frame deep pits into a greenhouse film, filling the greenhouse film, preparing for planting snakegourd fruit, applying farmyard manure added with calcium superphosphate after loosening the soil, and watering for waiting for one day and one night to enable the fertilizer to be dissolved and infiltrated into the soil;
secondly, treating early spring soybean seeds, namely finely picking the early spring soybean seeds in advance, sunning the selected seeds for 2 days, soaking the seeds for half a day by using rooting powder and adding water, taking out the seeds for airing, spraying ammonium molybdate diluted aqueous solution on the soybean seeds, planting the seeds on two sides of a ridge after drying, covering a mulching film, and covering fine soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm;
thirdly, managing after the soybeans are planted in early spring, breaking mulching films in time after the soybeans emerge to check and replenish the seedlings, then performing shallow intertillage once after the seedlings emerge for about two weeks, performing deep intertillage once when the soybeans grow in the middle and later stages and close rows, and combining with hilling;
fourthly, planting snakegourd fruit, namely taking out seeds of the preserved mature fruits, soaking the seeds in warm water for one day and one night, taking out the seeds, airing the seeds, putting the aired seeds into wet sand for accelerating germination, and planting the seeds in a square frame formed by a greenhouse film beside the root of a pergola in the middle of a ridge when a seed tip or a crack appears;
fifthly, managing and harvesting the snakegourd fruit, pulling the stem and vine to be put on a shelf when the stem and vine of the snakegourd fruit grows to be more than 50-60cm, removing weak vines, spindly stem vines and multi-axillary bud branches, carrying out artificial pollination when flowering, and picking in batches when the surfaces of fruits are white and become light yellow;
sixthly, preparing soil before planting the autumn-delayed pakchoi, after harvesting early-spring soybeans, fertilizing soil outside a square frame formed by greenhouse film beside the root of a pergola on a ridge, then carrying out shallow intertillage, and uniformly and equidistantly digging shallow pits;
seventhly, transplanting and planting the autumn-delayed pakchoi, namely transplanting the autumn-delayed pakchoi which is grown in advance to shallow pits dug in advance in the morning on a sunny day, filling soil and planting, and watering quantitatively according to the shallow pits after transplanting to moisten the soil around the vegetable seedlings;
and eighthly, managing the planted pakchoi in autumn, watering once a day continuously for one week after planting, properly applying fertilizer by using a method of spraying leaf surfaces after late autumn, and spraying by adding additives until the pakchoi is mature and harvested.
The early spring soybean planting time is in the last 2 months of the current year, the early spring soybean is harvested in 7-8 months of the current year, the snakegourd fruit is planted in the middle and last 3 months of the early spring soybean planting period, the snakegourd fruit is harvested in batches in about 10 months of the current year, the autumn-delayed pakchoi is prepared to be planted after the early spring soybean is harvested, the autumn-delayed pakchoi is planted from 9 months to 2 months of the next year, the mature period of the autumn-delayed pakchoi is about one month, and the early spring soybean can be planted in multiple periods.
The height of the ridges in the first step is 30-35cm, the width of the ridges is 80-100cm, the width of furrows is 25-30cm, the depth of a pit of the square frame in the first step is 50-60cm, the depth of the pit is 35cm, the side length of the pit is a square frame with the root of the pergola as the center, and meanwhile, the greenhouse film is enabled to extend out of the ground surface by 4-8cm when the greenhouse film is inserted and buried, wherein the distance between the root of the pergola is 150-200cm.
And in the second step, early spring soybeans are planted according to the row spacing of 20-30cm and 3-4 grains per hole, and in the third step, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are additionally applied to the soybeans when the soybeans are in the flowering phase.
The planting hole is watered earlier when snakegourd fruit seed is planted in the fourth step, treat after water infiltration put into downwards with seed opening kind point or breach planting hole, its planting interval is the same with pergola root interval, snakegourd fruit is grown earlier stage and is got 30-40cm long short branch and insert it and upwards grow the climbing vine by the guide of snakegourd fruit vine in the fifth step, extracts the short branch and pulls it to the pergola when treating that its climbing vine is higher than short branch 10-20 cm.
And in the sixth step, the bean stalks are pulled up together with roots after the early spring soybeans are harvested, redundant root systems are cleaned during shallow intertillage soil loosening, and shallow pits are dug at intervals of 15-25 cm.
The autumn-delayed pakchoi transplanted in the seventh step is sown and bred in advance in a suitable indoor environment or a greenhouse for 20-30 days, plants with more than 4-5 true leaves are selected for transplanting and field planting before transplanting, and the additive used in the fertilization in the eighth step is a Koubao plant eugenol which can prevent phytotoxicity, fertilizer injury, freeze injury and waterlogging and has the effects of strengthening roots and strong seedlings.
According to the cultivation method of the snakegourd fruit interplanted with the early spring vegetable soybean and the autumn-delay pakchoi, the problem that land resources are idle and the problem of the land planting idle period are solved by matching the snakegourd fruit with the planting mode of the early spring soybean and the autumn-delay pakchoi, and meanwhile, due to the fact that the autumn-delay pakchoi is short in the mature period, multi-stage planting can be conducted, the land utilization rate and the planting mode efficiency are greatly improved, the nutrient components of the snakegourd fruit and the outer ring land are not communicated due to the arrangement of the square frame greenhouse film below the vine frames when the snakegourd fruit is planted, the nutrient of the land when other crops are planted in the outer ring is guaranteed, meanwhile, the diffusion of roots of the snakegourd fruit can be limited, and the influence on the growth of the outer ring crops is avoided.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method for interplanting trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, early spring vegetables, soybeans and autumn-delayed pakchoi includes the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, preparing soil, deeply ploughing and loosening the soil, ridging and ditching the deeply ploughed soil, building pergola at the middle of ridges at equal intervals, digging square frame deep pits around the roots of the pergola, inserting the square frame deep pits into a greenhouse film, filling the greenhouse film, preparing for planting snakegourd fruit, applying farmyard manure added with calcium superphosphate after loosening the soil, and watering for waiting for one day and one night to enable the fertilizer to be dissolved and infiltrated into the soil;
secondly, treating early spring soybean seeds, namely finely picking the early spring soybean seeds in advance, sunning the picked seeds for 2 days, soaking the seeds for half a day by adding rooting powder and water, taking out the seeds for airing, spraying ammonium molybdate diluted water solution on the soybean seeds, planting the seeds on two sides of a ridge after drying, covering a mulching film, and covering fine soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm;
thirdly, managing after the soybeans are planted in early spring, breaking mulching films in time after the soybeans emerge to check and replenish the seedlings, then performing one-time shallow intertillage for two weeks after the seedlings emerge, performing one-time deep intertillage when the soybeans grow in the middle and later stages and close rows, and combining with hilling;
fourthly, planting snakegourd fruit, namely taking out seeds of the preserved mature fruits, soaking the seeds in warm water for one day and one night, taking out the seeds, airing the seeds, putting the aired seeds into wet sand for accelerating germination, and planting the seeds in a square frame formed by a greenhouse film beside the root of a vine frame in the middle of a ridge when a seed tip or a crack appears;
fifthly, managing and harvesting the snakegourd fruit, pulling the stem and vine to be put on a shelf when the stem and vine of the snakegourd fruit grow to 50-60cm, removing weak vines, spindly stem vines and multi-axillary bud branches, carrying out artificial pollination when flowering, and picking in batches when the surfaces of fruits are white and become light yellow;
sixthly, preparing soil before planting the autumn-delayed pakchoi, after harvesting early-spring soybeans, fertilizing soil outside a square frame formed by greenhouse film beside the root of a pergola on a ridge, then carrying out shallow intertillage, and uniformly and equidistantly digging shallow pits;
seventhly, transplanting and planting the autumn-delayed pakchoi, namely transplanting the autumn-delayed pakchoi which is grown in advance to shallow pits dug in advance in the morning on a sunny day, filling soil and planting, and watering quantitatively according to the shallow pits after transplanting to moisten the soil around the vegetable seedlings;
and eighthly, managing the planted pakchoi in autumn, watering once a day continuously for one week after planting, properly applying fertilizer by using a method of spraying leaf surfaces after late autumn, and spraying by adding additives until the pakchoi is mature and harvested.
2. The method for cultivating trichosanthes kirilowii and interplanting early spring vegetables, namely the soybeans and autumn-delayed pakchoi as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the early spring soybean is planted in the last 2 th month of the current year, the early spring soybean is harvested in 7-8 months of the current year, the snakegourd fruit is planted in the middle and last 3 months of the early spring soybean planting period, the snakegourd fruit is harvested in batches in the 10 th month of the current year, the autumn-delayed pakchoi is prepared to be planted after the early spring soybean is harvested, the autumn-delayed pakchoi is planted from the 9 th month to the middle 2 th month of the next year, the mature period of the autumn-delayed pakchoi is one month, and the early spring soybean can be planted in multiple periods.
3. The method for cultivating trichosanthes kirilowii and interplanting early spring vegetables, namely the soybeans and autumn-delayed pakchoi as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the height of the ridges in the first step is 30-35cm, the width of the ridges is 80-100cm, the width of furrows is 25-30cm, the depth of a pit of the square frame in the first step is 50-60cm, the depth of the pit is 35cm, the side length of the pit is a square frame with the root of the pergola as the center, and meanwhile, the greenhouse film is enabled to extend out of the ground surface by 4-8cm when the greenhouse film is inserted and buried, wherein the distance between the root of the pergola is 150-200cm.
4. The cultivation method of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim interplanted with early spring vegetables, soybeans and autumn-delayed pakchoi as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, early spring soybeans are planted according to the row spacing of 20-30cm and 3-4 grains per hole, and in the third step, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are additionally applied to the soybeans when the soybeans are in the flowering phase.
5. The method for cultivating trichosanthes kirilowii and interplanting early spring vegetables, namely the soybeans and autumn-delayed pakchoi as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the planting hole is watered earlier when snakegourd fruit seed is planted in the fourth step, treat after water infiltration put into downwards with seed opening kind point or breach planting hole, its planting interval is the same with pergola root interval, snakegourd fruit is grown earlier stage and is got 30-40cm long short branch and insert it and upwards grow the climbing vine by the guide of snakegourd fruit vine in the fifth step, extracts the short branch and pulls it to the pergola when treating that its climbing vine is higher than short branch 10-20 cm.
6. The cultivation method of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim interplanted with early spring vegetables, soybeans and autumn-delayed pakchoi as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: and in the sixth step, the bean stalks are pulled up together with roots after the early spring soybeans are harvested, redundant root systems are cleaned during shallow intertillage soil loosening, and shallow pits are dug out at intervals of 15-25 cm.
7. The method for cultivating trichosanthes kirilowii and interplanting early spring vegetables, namely the soybeans and autumn-delayed pakchoi as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the autumn-delayed pakchoi transplanted in the seventh step is sown and bred in a suitable indoor environment or greenhouse 20-30 days in advance, 4-5 true-leaf plants are selected before transplantation for transplantation and field planting, and the additive used in the fertilization in the eighth step is a Koubao plant eugenol.
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