CN112544844A - 一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药技术领域，公开了一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料及其制备方法。所述固体饮料的制备原料包括以下质量份数的组分：黄精14～16份、百合5～7份、桑椹8～10份、葛根9～11份、枸杞子5～7份、玉米须9～11份。制备方法包括以下步骤：将制备原料混合，加水煎煮2小时，过滤得到第一次煎煮液，滤渣再加水煎煮1.5小时，过滤得到第二次煎煮液；合并两次煎煮液，浓缩至密度为1.10，获得浓缩药液；将浓缩药液和糊精混合，喷雾干燥后得到药粉；将药粉加乙醇混合，软材挤压过12目筛，60℃干燥，再整粒，得到的颗粒即为具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域，特别涉及一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料及其制备方法。
背景技术
中医药是中华民族创造的医学科学，是我国优秀民族文化中的瑰宝，是我国最具有特色和原始创新的优势领域。从历史看，几千年来中医药在防治疾病和重大疫病中发挥了重要作用，为中华民族的繁衍昌盛作出了不朽的贡献。中医药以其“简、便、验、廉”的特点，在预防、保健、治疗、康复等领域具有不可替代的价值，对于保障人民群众享受安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务有其独特优势。黄精味甘、性平，具有补脾润肺、益气养阴的功效，是传统中药，在治疗和预防慢性疾病上具有显著效果，尤其是高血糖和糖尿病患者。
黄精是中国传统的药食同源的植物资源，也是经国家食品药品监督管理局总局认定“即是食品又是药材的物品”，始载于《神农本草经》，在我国有2000多年的药用历史，其栽培历史也有1000多年。黄精味甘，性平，归脾、肺、肾经，具补气养阴、健脾、润肺、益肾的功效，长期服用黄精除了最基本的滋补强身外，还可治疗肾虚精亏肺虚燥咳及脾胃虚弱等症，俗有“北有人参，南有黄精”之说，尤其对于糖尿病患者的辅助治疗具有显著效果。黄精降糖自古就有论述，李时珍《本草纲目》中突出强调“补诸虚，填精髓，平补气血而润”，认为可治疗消渴。中医认为，消渴的病机为阴虚燥热，本虚标实，阴虚为标，燥热为本。而黄精恰好针对其病机进行治疗。“补诸虚”针对消渴病之本虚，“填精髓，平补气血而润”，表明黄精既滋补阴液之不足，又补气血之虚损，滋阴润燥以清热，可谓标本兼顾。从中医药理论的角度，黄精治疗和预防消渴病是有理论依据的。
近年来，糖尿病已成为继心血管病和肿瘤之后的第三大严重危及人们健康的非传染性疾病，多见于中老年人，其患病率随着人们生活水平的提高而逐渐呈上升趋势。截止到目前为止，糖尿病暂无根治的方法，一般强调要早期治疗、长期综合治疗，采取个体化治疗措施，加强糖尿病教育、饮食调养和体育锻炼。黄精降糖类产品的研发符合中医药“治未病”的理念，也符合普通大众回归大自然的健康理念，独具特色。
糖尿病是由于胰岛素缺乏和/或胰岛素生物作用障碍导致的一组以长期血葡萄糖水平增高为主要特征的代谢性疾病。临床主要表现为易饥多食，明显的症状有多饮、多食、多尿、体重减轻，即所谓“三多一少”症状，但也有相当一部分患者并无明显的临床症状，同时可伴有脂肪、蛋白质、水和电解质等代谢障碍，久病可引起多系统损害，导致眼、肾、神经、心脏、血管等组织的慢性进行性病变，导致功能缺陷及衰竭。糖尿病是临床的常见病，多发病，主要见于中老年人，但近年来其发病正趋向低龄化，儿童中糖尿病患者亦不少见。其患病率正随着人们生活水平的提高，人口老化和生活方式的改变而迅速增加，目前已成为继心血管病和肿瘤之后的第三大严重危及人们健康的非传染性疾病。糖尿病的病因和发病机制较为复杂，至今尚未完全明了。目前普遍认为糖尿病是多基因、多因素作用所致的综合征，与遗传、自身免疫及环境因素等有关。糖尿病中医属于“消渴”范畴，“渴而多饮为上消，消谷善肌为中消，渴而便数有膏为下消”，其并发症可归属于“虚劳”“胸痹”“中风”等范畴。中医学认为，本病是由先天禀赋不足、饮食失节、情志失调、劳欲过度或外感热邪等引起，病情迁延日久，因燥热亢盛，伤津耗气，而致气阴两虚，或阴损及阳，脾肾阳虚，水湿内停。其基本病机是阴津亏损、燥热偏盛，而以阴虚为本，燥热为标，二者互为因果，病变脏腑主要在肺、胃、肾。临床多以养阴生津、清热润燥为治疗大法，同时还要针对病情，及时合理地选用健脾益气、滋补肾阴、温补肾阳等治法。
糖尿病的治疗目前尚无根治的方法，一般强调要早期治疗、长期综合治疗，采取个体化治疗措施，加强糖尿病教育、饮食调养和体育锻炼。西医对1型糖尿病以胰岛素替代治疗为主，2型糖尿病以口服磺脲类、双胍类等降糖药治疗为主，必要时配合胰岛素治疗，这对控制血糖具有较明确的疗效，但不良反应时有出现。近年来的研究表明，纠正生活方式和单一降血糖并不能减少患者大血管事件的发生和死亡。中医药治疗糖尿病，已有二千多年的悠久历史，早在《黄帝内经》中，就对糖尿病及其并发症的主要表现、病因病机、预后转归等有了系统的论述，《灵枢·五变》曰：“五脏皆柔弱者，善病消瘅。”中医治疗糖尿病和西医有所不同，注重的是整体调治、辨证论治，作用温和而持久，毒副作用较少，对调节血糖、改善血脂、血黏度、微循环、抗氧化等都有较好作用，可以明显改善患者症状，有效延缓或者减轻并发症的发生，提高患者生存质量，减轻病人痛苦和负担，部分中药还能改善胰岛素抵抗，促进胰岛素分泌和机体组织对胰岛素的敏感性，从而更加有利于控制血糖水平，增强治疗效果。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的缺点与不足，本发明的首要目的在于提供一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种上述具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现：
一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料，所述固体饮料的制备原料包括以下质量份数的组分：黄精14～16份、百合5～7份、桑椹8～10份、葛根9～11份、枸杞子5～7份、玉米须9～11份。
优选的，所述固体饮料的制备原料包括以下质量份数的组分：黄精15份、百合6份、桑椹9份、葛根10份、枸杞子6份、玉米须10份。
所述黄精优选为新化黄精。
上述的一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将黄精、百合、桑椹、葛根、枸杞子和玉米须混合，加入8倍量体积的水，加热至沸腾后用文火煎煮2小时，过滤得到第一次煎煮液，滤渣再加入6倍量体积的水，加热至沸腾后用文火煎煮1.5小时，过滤得到第二次煎煮液；合并两次煎煮液，浓缩至密度为1.10，获得浓缩药液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得浓缩药液和糊精混合，喷雾干燥后得到药粉；将药粉加乙醇混合，软材挤压过12目筛，60℃干燥，再整粒，得到的颗粒即为具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料。
步骤(2)中所述糊精的添加量为饮片投料量的wt.6％，所述饮片投料量是指黄精、百合、桑椹、葛根、枸杞子和玉米须的总质量。
步骤(2)中所述喷雾干燥的进风口温度为170℃，速率为26rap/min。
步骤(2)中所述乙醇为体积百分比浓度为92％的乙醇溶液；所述乙醇的添加量按照每100g药粉添加30mL乙醇的量来计。
本发明的原理是：
该处方由黄精、百合、桑椹、葛根、枸杞子和玉米须等7味药组成。方中黄精性味甘平，归肺、脾、肾三脏，为气阴双补之品，《本草纲目》曰：“补诸虚……填精髓”，其既能补脾肺肾之气，又补脾肺肾之阴，可起到补气健脾，养阴润肺，补肾益精之效，用为主药。辅以甘寒之桑椹，《新修本草》记载其“主消渴”，滋阴补血，生津润燥，兼能凉血退热，生津止渴，为凉血补血益阴之药；葛根辛甘而凉，入脾、胃经，于清热之中，能鼓舞脾胃清阳之气上升，而有生津止渴之功；百合补肺阴，兼能清肺热，养阴润肺，清心安神；枸杞子为平补肾精肝血之品，可滋补肝肾之阴，益精明目；玉米须甘淡渗泄，功专利水渗湿消肿,并有较强的利尿作用，具有较好的降血压、降血糖之功。诸药合用，紧扣了阴津亏损、燥热偏盛这一基本病机，治病求本，标本兼顾，共奏益气养阴、补肾益精、生津止渴之功效，从而达到调节血糖，改善症状，减轻并发症的作用，对糖尿病患者具有良好的辅助治疗效果。
本发明为了提高产品的溶化性，选择干燥速度快、设备调节方便的喷雾干燥方式。但由于本品原料中含有较高的植物多糖，在喷雾干燥中容易结块，造成大量损失，因此选择合适的辅料种类、喷雾-成型工艺参数是制成本品的关键。本发明以性状、收得率、流动性、溶解性为评价指标，采用正交设计法优化物料密度、喷雾速度、入风口温度等喷雾干燥工艺，并对辅料种类、辅料用量、润湿剂种类及用量进行考察，确定最佳喷雾干燥-成型工艺参数。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及有益效果：
(1)本发明是在中医学、食品学理论指导下，选用新化黄精、百合、桑椹、葛根、枸杞子等药食同源中药配伍玉米须，通过体外降血糖药效实验对原料的种类及用量进行筛选；诸药合用，治病求本，标本兼顾，共奏益气养阴、补肾益精、生津止渴之功效，从而达到调节血糖，改善症状，减轻并发症的作用；
(2)本发明运用现代生产工艺与技术，改进传统加工工艺，确保质量、疗效与效益；根据配方原料的性质、功效成分的特性、以及使用人群适用性，对炮制工艺、提取工艺、干燥工艺、成型工艺、灭菌与包装工艺等进行研究，确定工艺路线及参数，制成既能最大限度保留功效成分、发挥药物功效，又具有较高的入口接受度的产品。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
以下实施例中使用的黄精为新化县绿源农林科技有限公司生产的新化黄精。
实施例1
一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料，按照以下步骤制备得到：
(1)将黄精15kg、百合6kg、桑椹9kg、葛根10kg、枸杞子6kg、玉米须10kg混合，加入8倍量体积的水，加热至沸腾后用文火煎煮2小时，过滤得到第一次煎煮液，滤渣再加入6倍量体积的水，加热至沸腾后用文火煎煮1.5小时，过滤得到第二次煎煮液；合并两次煎煮液，浓缩至密度为1.10，获得浓缩药液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得浓缩药液和糊精混合，糊精的添加量为饮片投料量的wt.6％，喷雾干燥(进风口温度为170℃，速率为26rap/min)后得到药粉；将药粉加体积百分比浓度为92％的乙醇混合，乙醇的添加量按照每100g药粉添加30mL乙醇的量来计，软材挤压过12目筛，60℃干燥，再整粒，得到的颗粒即为具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料，收得率为22％。
实施例2
与实施例1的区别在于步骤(1)所述浓缩药液的密度为1.05或1.15，其他同实施例1，最后获得黄精固体饮料，收得率仅为15％或17％，流动性和溶解性也没有实施例1所得具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料好。
实施例3
与实施例1的区别在于步骤(2)所述乙醇为体积百分比浓度为88％或90％，其他同实施例1，所得软才粘手成陀，制粒时候堵筛网、成疙瘩状、基本不能通过筛网，即使能过筛的颗粒融化、结块，无法整粒。
实施例4
与实施例1的区别在于步骤(2)所述乙醇的添加量按照每100g药粉添加25mL或35mL乙醇的量来计，其他同实施例1，添加25mL乙醇所得软才不粘手、不成陀、握之不能成团，制粒时候不堵筛网、没有疙瘩状、好制粒，但是整粒后颗粒疏松、易散，颗粒大小不一，颗粒收率为92.55％，粒度为27.33％；添加35mL乙醇所得软才有点粘手、部分成陀，制粒时候部分堵筛网、稍有疙瘩状、不好制粒，有点结块，整粒后颗粒较硬、少部分不能过筛网，颗粒收率为87.52％，粒度为12.03％；而实施例1中的软才不粘手、不成陀、握之成团，制粒时候不堵筛网、没有疙瘩状、好制粒，不结块，整粒后颗粒硬度适中、颗粒均匀，能全部整下去，颗粒收率为92.96％，粒度为12.50％。
实施例3和实施例4的结果表明，当以体积百分比浓度为92％的乙醇为润湿剂，乙醇的添加量按照每100g药粉添加30mL时，制粒、整粒情况最好，颗粒硬度适宜。
实施例5：本发明具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料对糖尿病模型小鼠糖代谢的影响实验
材料：选取10-12周BALB/C小鼠30只，雌雄各半，3月龄，体质量(23±2)g，清洁级，无菌饲养。随机分为模型组、糖脉康组、黄精固体饮料组，10只/组。黄精固体饮料为实施例1制备所得，糖脉康为中国中医研究院中汇制药公司产品。
方法：糖尿病模型建立：3组动物均造模。小鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素4mL/(kg·d)，连续5d。10d后禁食6d检测血糖变化，待形成实验性糖尿病鼠模型后给予实验药物。
给药与检测：糖脉康组将12.5g(kg·d)糖脉康加入1mL生理盐水溶解，分两次灌胃给予；黄精固体饮料组将12.5g(kg·d)糖脉康加入1mL生理盐水溶解，分两次灌胃给予；模型组只喂等量生理盐水。所有实验动物给药时间为8周。分别于实验前及建立糖尿病模型禁食6h后，剪尾测定受试动物血糖含量。最后用取小鼠眶动脉血用葡萄糖氯化酶法检测血糖变化，柱层析法检测血清糖化血红蛋白水平，放射免疫分析法检测血浆胰岛素和C肽水平。
主要观察指标：各组造模前后血糖变化，各组实验前后血糖、血清糖化血红蛋白、血浆胰岛素和血浆C肽水平的变化。
统计学分析：采用SPSS10.0软件进行统计处理，实验数据以
表示，同组实验前后比较采用配对t检验，多样本间采用one-way ANOVA分析。
结果：
各组造模前后血糖变化：造模后各组实验小鼠血糖均显著升高，形成了实验性糖尿病模型，而造模后各组血糖值无显著性差异(P＞0.05)，见表1。
表1 各组造模前后血糖变化(
n＝10，mmol/L)
| 组别 | 造模前 | 造模后 |
| 模型组 | 5.02±0.98 | 8.65±2.01 |
| 糖脉康组 | 4.85±1.13 | 8.32±1.71 |
| 黄精固体饮料组 | 6.02±0.92 | 9.15±1.89 |
与造模前比较，aP＜0.01；与造模后模型组及糖脉康组比较，bP＞0.05
各组实验前后各项生化指标检测：经黄精固体饮料和糖脉康治疗后，糖尿病小鼠血糖显著降低，黄精固体饮料治疗组血清糖化血红蛋白较模型组显著降低，其血浆胰岛素及C肽水平则显著升高，见表2。
表2 各组实验前后各项生化指标检测结果(
n＝10)
与实验前比较，at＝3.356-2.698，P＜0.05；与模型组比较，bt＝6.232-4.455，P＜0.01
结论：实验结果发现本发明黄精固体饮料可显著降低实验性糖尿病血糖和血清糖化血红蛋白浓度，并明显升高实验动物血浆胰岛素及C肽水平，表明黄精固体饮料具有调节糖代谢和治疗实验性糖尿病的作用。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料，其特征在于：所述固体饮料的制备原料包括以下质量份数的组分：黄精14～16份、百合5～7份、桑椹8～10份、葛根9～11份、枸杞子5～7份、玉米须9～11份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料，其特征在于：所述固体饮料的制备原料包括以下质量份数的组分：黄精15份、百合6份、桑椹9份、葛根10份、枸杞子6份、玉米须10份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料，其特征在于：所述黄精为新化黄精。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)将黄精、百合、桑椹、葛根、枸杞子和玉米须混合，加入8倍量体积的水，加热至沸腾后用文火煎煮2小时，过滤得到第一次煎煮液，滤渣再加入6倍量体积的水，加热至沸腾后用文火煎煮1.5小时，过滤得到第二次煎煮液；合并两次煎煮液，浓缩至密度为1.10，获得浓缩药液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得浓缩药液和糊精混合，喷雾干燥后得到药粉；将药粉加乙醇混合，软材挤压过12目筛，60℃干燥，再整粒，得到的颗粒即为具有降糖功效的黄精固体饮料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述糊精的添加量为饮片投料量的wt.6％，所述饮片投料量是指黄精、百合、桑椹、葛根、枸杞子和玉米须的总质量。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述喷雾干燥的进风口温度为170℃，速率为26rap/min。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述乙醇为体积百分比浓度为92％的乙醇溶液；所述乙醇的添加量按照每100g药粉添加30mL乙醇的量来计。
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