CN112514945A - 一种提升发酵面食品质的麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂生产技术 - Google Patents
一种提升发酵面食品质的麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂生产技术 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
- A21D2/181—Sugars or sugar alcohols
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/24—Organic nitrogen compounds
- A21D2/26—Proteins
- A21D2/264—Vegetable proteins
- A21D2/265—Vegetable proteins from cereals, flour, bran
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
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- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提升发酵面食品质的麦麸基多糖‑蛋白复合乳化剂生产技术,属于食品添加剂领域,其特征在于以小麦麸皮为原料,经碱溶、酸沉后制得麦麸蛋白,经碱溶、醇沉、酶解制取麦麸多糖,利用羰氨反应制备麦麸多糖‑蛋白复合物,将其添至发酵面食中,能使油脂乳化分散均匀,产品具有良好的内部组织结构,且产品货架期延长。本发明生产的乳化剂具有乳化性能好、生产可行性高、安全无污染等特点,麦麸多糖‑蛋白复合乳化剂添加量为面粉质量的0.5%~2.0%,最终产品比容增加8%~20%,硬度下降10%~20%,发酵面食货架期延长8~15天,是一种高效、健康的面制品改良剂。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种提升发酵面食品质的麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂生产技术,属于食品添加剂领域。
二、技术背景
乳化剂是一类表面活性物质,由于在乳化剂分子内部一端具有亲水的特性,另一端具有亲油的特性,因而在面团调制过程中能使油脂乳化分散得很均匀。在面包烘烤过程中,能得到均匀的蜂窝状内部组织结构。多糖和蛋白质是食品中常见的乳化剂,主要起到乳化和防止淀粉老化的作用。另外,乳化剂在面包生产中还可以增强面筋网络结构,使面包体积增大、质地柔软和延长面包的储存期等。
麸皮是小麦加工的主要副产物,占其加工总量的20%。我国麸皮年产量约7000~8000万吨,其基本上应用于饲料工业,深加工和再利用程度较低。麸皮中含有较多的膳食纤维多糖和较为丰富的蛋白质。麦麸多糖主要含有阿拉伯木聚糖、葡聚糖等,具有增强免疫力、预防癌症、抗肿瘤、润肠通便、抗氧化、预防心血管疾病和II型糖尿病等生理功能,是一种理想的保健食品配料。麦麸蛋白是一种优质蛋白质,具有较高的赖氨酸含量,而且含有多种必需氨基酸。由于其良好的增稠和持水性,麦麸多糖常用作稳定剂。利用干热法使多糖和蛋白自发发生羰氨反应,使蛋白质的ε-氨基与多糖的还原性羰基末端反应得到共价复合物,可极大地提高了蛋白的乳化性、热稳定性能等。并且该反应不需要化学试剂,仅加热即可使反应自发进行,极大地避免了化学试剂残留问题,具有广阔的应用前景。
目前,市售乳化剂种类繁多,但这些乳化剂成分复杂,由多种复合物组成。例如,专利(公开号CN 106070415A,公开日2016年11月09日)公开了“一种多功能食品复配型乳化剂”,发明的食品改良剂组分均是由单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、丙二醇脂肪酸酯、硬脂酰乳酸钙、小麦胚芽粉、抗坏血酸、山梨糖醇、吐温、硫酸铝铵、碳酸氢钠组成,组分成分较为复杂。麦麸利用率和经济附加值低也是阻碍高值利用麦麸的主要难题。专利(公开号CN109349500A,公开日2019年02月19日)公开了“从小麦麸皮中提取小麦粉的方法”,麦麸利用率只有4%~8%。本发明利用小麦麸皮成分制备的乳化剂成分简单、安全,可大大提高麦麸的经济附加值。
本发明以小麦麸皮为原料,经碱溶、酸沉制得麦麸蛋白,碱溶、醇沉、酶解制得麦麸多糖.再利用羰氨反应制备麦麸多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂,将其添加到面团中,可显著提升发酵面食品质,延长产品货架期。
三、发明内容
技术问题:
本发明目的在于提供一种提升发酵面食品质的麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂生产技术,通过从小麦麸皮中提取多糖和蛋白质,再利用羰氨反应制备麦麸多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂,从而提供一种高效、健康的面制品乳化剂。
技术方案:
本发明技术如下:以小麦麸皮为原料,经碱溶、酸沉制得麦麸蛋白,碱溶、醇沉、酶解制得麦麸多糖,再利用羰氨反应制备麦麸多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)碱溶、酸沉:小麦麸皮经除杂、粉碎、过筛后,与其质量体积比为10~15倍(w/v)的0.2~0.4M NaOH溶液混合均匀,调节pH至10.0~11.0,70~90℃下搅拌2~6h后,用1.0M醋酸溶液将pH调至4.0~5.0,优选pH为4.5,此为蛋白等电点;静置6~8h后离心,沉淀用清水洗涤后热风干燥,干燥温度为40~50℃,风速为0.6~0.8m/s,得到麦麸蛋白;
(2)碱溶、醇沉:将碱溶、酸沉、静置后得到的上清液用0.3M NaOH调节pH至11.0~12.0,在60~80℃下搅拌8~12h后,用0.5M醋酸溶液调节pH至6.5~7.5,优选pH为7.0,溶液呈中性;加入无水乙醇至体系中乙醇浓度为60%~70%,优选乙醇浓度为65%,在此浓度下多糖溶解度最低;搅拌30~60min后于4℃静置12~16h后离心,沉淀物经洗涤后热风干燥,干燥温度为60~70℃,风速为0.6~0.8m/s,得到麦麸多糖;
(3)麦麸多糖酶解:将麦麸多糖配置成10%~20%(w/v)的水溶液,每克麦麸多糖中添加800~1000酶活力单位的木聚糖酶,40~50℃下反应2~3h,然后沸水浴10min灭酶,离心取得上清液冷冻干燥,冻干机板层制冷温度为-60~-70℃,干燥室压力为20~50Pa;
(4)麦麸多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂制备:将酶解后的麦麸多糖和麦麸蛋白按质量比1∶2~1∶4(w/w)于研磨机中充分研磨混匀后,用纯净水溶解调至6%~8%(w/v)后冷冻干燥,研磨过120目筛,在湿度为70%~80%、70~80℃条件下干热处理,反应时间为24~36h,得到麦麸多糖-蛋白复合物;优选多糖和蛋白按质量比1∶2,湿度75%,温度75℃,反应时间30h,多糖羰基与蛋白氨基反应程度最大,得到复合物的乳化性能最佳。将其以面粉质量2%(w/w)的添加量加入到面包配方中,面包比容增加20%,硬度下降20%,面包货架期延长15天(表1)。
表1 麦麸多糖-蛋白乳化剂对面包品质影响
有益效果:
与现有技术相比,本发明的一种提升发酵面食品质的麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂生产技术,具有以下优点:
(1)本发明以麦麸为原料,生产麦麸多糖和蛋白,实现了副产物的高效增值利用;
(2)本发明采用羰氨反应制备麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂,反应条件温和、生产可行性高、安全无污染;
(3)本发明生产的麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂,具有添加量低、乳化性能好等特点,可用于发酵面制品-面包、馒头、发糕、花卷、披萨中,添加量为面粉质量的0.5%~2%,最终产品比容增加8%~20%,硬度下降10%~20%,货架期延长8~15天。
四、具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述:
以面包为例,基本配方为小麦粉100g,水50g,白砂糖10g,黄油10g,酵母2g,盐1g,加入0.5%~2%的麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂和面。生产工艺流程为:原料→和面→发酵→装模醒发→烘烤→冷却→包装。
实施例1
小麦麸皮经除杂、粉碎、过100目筛后,与其质量体积比为10倍(w/v)的0.4M NaOH溶液混合均匀,调节pH至11.0,70℃下搅拌6h,再将pH调至4.5,静置6~8h,6000g下离心20min,沉淀用清水洗涤后进行热风干燥,温度为40~50℃,风速为0.6~0.8m/s,得到麦麸蛋白;用0.3M NaOH将上述清液pH调至11.0,60℃下搅拌12h后将pH调至7.0,加入无水乙醇至体系中乙醇浓度为65%,搅拌30min后于4℃静置12~16h,5000g下离心10min,沉淀清水洗涤后进行热风干燥,干燥温度为60~70℃,风速为0.6~0.8m/s,得到麦麸多糖;配制10%(w/v)麦麸多糖水溶液,添加木聚糖酶于40℃下反应3h,每克多糖中加入木聚糖酶1000酶活力单位,水解完成后沸水浴10min灭酶,5000g下离心10min,上清液进行冷冻干燥;将酶解后的麦麸多糖和麦麸蛋白按质量比1∶2(w/w)于研磨机中充分研磨混匀后,用水溶解调至6%(w/v),冷冻干燥后研磨过120目筛,冻干机板层制冷温度为-60~-70℃,干燥室压力为20~50Pa;在湿度为75%,温度为75℃下干热处理30h,得到麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合物。
将麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合物与面粉、水等面包制作的所需原料混合,复合乳化剂添加量为面粉质量的2.0%,再经和面、发酵、装模醒发、烘烤、冷却等工艺,制得面包。面包比容增加20%,硬度下降20%,货架期延长15天。
实施例2
小麦麸皮除杂、粉碎等步骤同实施例1。小麦麸皮粉与其质量体积比为12倍(w/v)的0.3MNaOH溶液混合均匀,调节pH至10.5,80℃下搅拌4h,再将pH调至4.0,静置、离心、洗涤和干燥等步骤同实施例1;用0.3MNaOH溶液将所得清液pH调至11.5,在70℃下搅拌10h,调pH至7.0,加入无水乙醇至体系乙醇浓度为70%,搅拌45min后于4℃静置12~16h,离心、干燥步骤同实施例1;配制15%(w/v)麦麸多糖水溶液,添加木聚糖酶于45℃下反应2.5h,每克多糖中加入木聚糖酶900酶活力单位,离心、干燥等步骤同实施例1;将酶解后的麦麸多糖和麦麸蛋白按质量比1∶3(w/w)于研磨机中研磨混匀后,用水溶解调至7%(w/v),冷冻干燥、研磨等步骤同实施例1;在湿度为70%,温度为80℃下干热处理24h,得到麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合物。
将麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合物与面粉、水等面包制作的所需原料混合,复合乳化剂添加量为面粉质量的1.0%,其余步骤同实施例1。面包比容增加13%,硬度下降15%,货架期延长12天。
实施例3
小麦麸皮除杂、粉碎等步骤同实施例1。小麦麸皮粉与其质量体积比为15倍(w/v)的0.2MNaOH溶液混合均匀,调节pH至10.0,90℃下搅拌2h,再将pH调至5.0,静置、离心、洗涤和干燥等步骤同实施例1;用0.3MNaOH溶液将所得清液pH调至12.0,在80℃下搅拌8h,调pH至7.0,加入无水乙醇至体系乙醇浓度为60%,搅拌60min后于4℃静置12~16h,离心、干燥步骤同实施例1;配制20%(w/v)麦麸多糖水溶液,添加木聚糖酶于50℃下反应3h,每克多糖中加入木聚糖酶800酶活力单位,离心、干燥等步骤同实施例1;将酶解后的麦麸多糖和麦麸蛋白按质量比1∶4(w/w)于研钵中,用水溶解调至8%(w/v),冷冻干燥、研磨等步骤同实施例1;在湿度为80%,温度为70℃下干热处理36h,得到麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合物。
将麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合物与面粉、水等面包制作的所需原料混合,复合乳化剂添加量为面粉质量的0.5%,其余步骤同实施例1。面包比容增加8%,硬度下降10%,货架期延长8天。
以上详细说明了本发明的实施方式,但这只是为了便于理解而举的实例,不应被视为是对本发明范围的限制。同样,任何所属技术领域的技术人员均可根据本发明的技术方案及其较佳实施例的描述,做出各种可能的等同改变或替换,但所有这些改变或替换都应属于本发明的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种提升发酵面食品质的麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂生产技术,其特征在于,以小麦麸皮为原料,经碱溶、酸沉制得麦麸蛋白,碱溶、醇沉、酶解制得麦麸多糖,再利用羰氨反应制备麦麸多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)碱溶、酸沉:小麦麸皮经除杂、粉碎、过筛后,与其质量体积比为10~15倍(w/v)的0.2~0.4M NaOH溶液混合均匀,调节pH至10.0~11.0,70~90℃下搅拌2~6h,再将pH调至4.0~5.0,静置6~8h后离心,沉淀物用清水洗涤,然后按公知的方法热风干燥得到麦麸蛋白;
(2)碱溶、醇沉:将碱溶、酸沉、静置后得到的上清液调节pH至11.0~12.0,在60~80℃下搅拌8~12h,然后调节pH至6.5~7.5,加入无水乙醇至体系中乙醇浓度为60%~70%,搅拌30~60min,于4℃静置12~16h后离心,沉淀物经洗涤后按公知的方法热风干燥,得到麦麸多糖;
(3)麦麸多糖酶解:将麦麸多糖配置成10%~20%(w/v)的水溶液,每克麦麸多糖添加800~1000酶活力单位的木聚糖酶,40~50℃下反应2~3h,然后沸水浴10min灭酶,离心取得上清液,按公知的方法冷冻干燥;
(4)麦麸多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂制备:将酶解后的麦麸多糖和麦麸蛋白按质量比1∶2~1∶4(w/w)于研磨机中充分研磨混匀后,用纯净水溶解调至6%~8%(w/v)后冷冻干燥,研磨过120目筛,在湿度为70%~80%、70~80℃条件下干热处理,反应时间为24~36h,得到麦麸多糖-蛋白复合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述,一种提升发酵面食品质的麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂生产技术,其特征在于,麦麸基多糖-蛋白复合乳化剂可用于发酵面制品-面包、馒头、发糕、花卷、披萨中,添加量为面粉质量的0.5%~2.0%,最终产品比容增加8%~20%,硬度下降10%~20%,货架期延长8~15天。
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