Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art of strawberry frame type seedling culture and provides a secondary strawberry seedling culture method under the condition of a facility greenhouse.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention comprises the following steps:
a secondary strawberry seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) planting the stock plant: planting the strawberry original seedlings in the greenhouse in the last 10 th month, and preserving heat, moisturizing and promoting survival by a conventional method;
(2) mother plant management: after survival, preserving heat to prevent dormancy in the first ten days of 2 months, preserving heat at night in the middle ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 4 months to promote creeping stems to grow, and performing conventional fertilizer and water management;
(3) and (3) secondary stock plant cultivation and field planting: collecting effective young seedlings of stolon extracted from the stock plant in ten days in the middle of 4 months, cutting the effective young seedlings into a rain sheltering big shed type matrix groove, planting the effective young seedlings as a secondary stock plant, and performing conventional management to promote survival;
effective seedling standard: the length of the new root system is 0.5-1.0 cm;
(4) and (3) fertilizer and water management of the secondary stock plant: after the secondary parent plant is planted, new leaves grow and new roots grow, nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to the secondary parent plant to provide sufficient nutrition for the secondary parent plant and promote the plant body to grow strong seedlings;
(5) cutting and cultivating the independent seedlings: in the middle ten days of 7 months, robust seedlings are collected and cut, after new leaves grow and new roots grow, nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied, and the normal treatment is performed by illumination.
Preferably, the cutting method in the steps (3) and (5): the root system of the seedling faces the outside of the substrate groove, the incision of the stolon is inserted on the surface of the substrate, and the insertion angle is as right as possible with the substrate.
Preferably, the strawberry variety is defined as "Ningyu".
Preferably, 5-7 days after the second mother plant field planting in the step (4), the nitrogen fertilizer containing fertilizer is applied for 4.5-5 mg/plant, the initial frequency is 1 time and 4 times continuously, then the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 1 time and 7 days, each time the nitrogen fertilizer is added for 1 time, 1.5-1.8mg is added for each plant, 8 times continuously, and the total amount is 112-124.8 mg/plant.
Preferably, 4.5-5mg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the robust seedlings 7-10 days after the robust seedlings are cut in the step (5), the initial frequency is 5 times for 1 time, 4 times for continuous time, and 18-20mg of nitrogen fertilizer is accumulated per plant.
Planting the stock plant: limiting the flowerpots which are fixedly planted in the single-layer plastic greenhouse in 10 th month of the original seedlings, and conventionally preserving heat, moisturizing and promoting survival. At the moment, the climate conditions are favorable for the survival and slow growth of the original seedlings, and proper time is reserved for cultivating the robust stock plant.
Mother plant management: after survival, the seedlings are kept warm for preventing dormancy in the last ten days of 2 months, and the seedlings are kept warm at night in the middle ten days of 2 months to 4 middle ten days of 4 months to promote creeping stems to grow, and are managed by conventional fertilizer and water. The time node is also limited in the period, and the temperature for the growth of the mother plant is adjusted by utilizing the plastic greenhouse. The first stage is as follows: the dormancy of the stock plant is prevented from surviving until 2 months, the buffer period influenced by factors such as field planting, dormancy and the like is saved or reduced, and the stock plant can smoothly enter the sprouting period after beginning spring; and a second stage: and (4) keeping the temperature at night from 2 middle ten days to 4 middle ten days to promote the sprouting, mainly improving the sprouting speed, reducing the using amount of the original seedlings and increasing the number of secondary stock plants.
And (3) secondary stock plant cultivation and field planting: collecting effective young seedlings of stolon extracted from the stock plant in ten days in 4 months, cutting the effective young seedlings into a rain sheltering big shed type matrix groove, planting the effective young seedlings as a secondary stock plant, and conventionally managing to promote survival. Effective seedling standard: the length of the new root system is 0.5-1.0 cm; the cuttage method comprises the following steps: the root system of the seedling faces the outside of the substrate groove, the incision of the stolon is inserted on the surface of the substrate, and the insertion angle is as right as possible with the substrate. The technology mainly limits the time for collecting and planting the primary seedling and the young seedling as a secondary parent plant, ensures that the time from planting to the end of the young seedling breeding of the secondary parent plant does not exceed 3 months, prevents root aging, improves the stress resistance of the plant during high temperature, maintains the growth vigor of the plant, and also limits the standard of the young seedling as the secondary parent plant and the cuttage method.
And (3) fertilizer and water management of the secondary stock plant: 5-7 days after the secondary parent plant is fixedly planted, new leaves grow and new roots grow, the application of nitrogen-containing fertilizer is started for 4.5-5 mg/plant, the initial frequency is 5 days and 1 time continuously for 4 times, then the application of nitrogen fertilizer is increased for 1 time in 7 days, 1.5-1.8mg is added to each plant every time, 8 times continuously are added, 112-124.8 mg/plant is accumulated, and according to the creeping stem extraction characteristic of Ningyu, sufficient nutrition is provided for the secondary parent plant, and the plant body is promoted to extract strong seedlings. The technology summarizes the rules of stolon extraction and fertilizer and water demand of Ningyu, integrates a simple and feasible 'substrate cultivation-accurate fertilizer and water supply' synergistic technology, and achieves the purposes of 'double reduction' and seedling strengthening.
Cutting and cultivating the independent seedlings: in the middle of 7 months, robust seedlings are collected and cut, the cutting method is as in claim 3, 7-10 days after cutting, new leaves and new roots grow, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 4.5-5 mg/plant at the initial frequency of 5 days for 1 time, 4 times are continuously applied, 18-20 mg/plant is accumulated, and the seedlings are subjected to conventional illumination treatment. The technology also limits the collection time of the seedlings, and limits the propagation and growth time of the seedlings of the secondary mother plant together with the method of claim 3. On one hand: the root aging of the secondary stock plant is prevented, the high tolerance of the plant is improved, and the growth vigor of the plant is maintained; on the other hand: the seedling age of the secondary-extraction seedling is not more than 2 months, the root system activity of the seedling is strong, and the seedling is easy to survive in cuttage; and finally, limiting the fertilization times through time nodes to achieve the purposes of strengthening seedlings, controlling nitrogen and promoting flowers.
In summary, the innovation points of the preferred technical scheme of the invention are as follows: 1. by limiting time nodes and adjusting the temperature of the greenhouse, the strawberry is promoted to be more extracted into a first-generation seedling, and the extracted seedling is used as a secondary parent plant, so that the consumption of original seedlings is greatly reduced, and the seedling breeding cost is reduced; 2. the stolon emergence and fertilizer water demand rule of the Ningyu variety is summarized, a simple and feasible 'matrix cultivation-accurate fertilizer water supply' synergistic interaction technology is integrated, the plant growth vigor and the stolon emergence capacity of the strawberry mother plant in a high-temperature period are maintained, the seedling emergence quality of the Ningyu variety is effectively improved, and the strong seedlings are bred. The method can also be applied to other strawberry varieties, and the fertilizer and water management of the secondary parent plant and the fertilizer and water management of the independent young seedling are required to be adjusted according to the growth conditions of the other strawberry varieties.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A secondary strawberry seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) planting the stock plant: planting 60 Ningyu original seedlings in pots of a plastic greenhouse in 2018, 10 months and 25 days, wherein the inner diameter of each pot is 20cm, the height of each pot is 16cm, the ratio of the matrix to the turf to the coconut coir to the perlite is 5: 3: 2, and performing conventional management, heat preservation, moisture preservation and survival promotion;
(2) mother plant management: covering a film for heat preservation according to temperature change from 11 months and 10 days to 2019, 2 months and 8 days, and ensuring that the temperature in the shed is not lower than 5 ℃ to prevent dormancy; after the temperature rises again from 2 months and 9 days to 4 months and 17 days, the temperature is 12 ℃ at night through closing the greenhouse early and opening the greenhouse late, the stolons are ensured to be continuously pumped out, and the conventional fertilizer and water management is carried out;
(3) and (3) secondary stock plant cultivation and field planting: collecting the seedlings extracted from the stolons of the original seedling mother plant within 4 months and 17 days, counting 456 seedlings with root systems between 0.5 cm and 1.0cm in length, calculating the propagation coefficient to be 7.6, selecting 400 seedlings as secondary mother plants, planting the seedlings in a rain-sheltering shed type matrix groove, enabling the root systems to face the outside of the matrix groove, inserting the stolons on the surface of the matrix with the insertion angle as right as possible, and performing conventional management to promote the survival. 6500 plants are planted per mu, compared with the prior art, the embodiment 1 only needs 855 plants for the stock seedlings, 5644 plants are saved, the market price of each stock seedling is different from 3 yuan to 5 yuan, the seedling cost per mu is saved by 1.69 yuan to 2.82 yuan, and the production cost is obviously reduced.
(4) And (3) fertilizer and water management of the secondary stock plant: 5-7 days after the secondary parent plant is fixedly planted, new leaves grow and new roots grow, 5 mg/plant of nitrogen containing fertilizer is applied in 24 days after 4 months, the initial frequency is 5 days and 1 time, 4 times are continuous, then the nitrogen containing fertilizer is applied, the frequency is 7 days and 1 time, 1.8mg is added to each plant every time, 8 times are continuous, 124.8 mg/plant is accumulated, according to the creeping stem growing characteristic of Ningyu, sufficient nutrition is provided for the secondary parent plant, and the plant body is promoted to grow strong seedlings;
(5) cutting and cultivating the independent seedlings: and collecting the seedlings extracted from the secondary mother plant in 7 months and 9 days, wherein the number of the counted effective seedlings is 9120, and the average propagation coefficient is 22.8. Compared with the prior art of directly planting 400 original seedlings at the bottom of 3 months, the proportion of effective seedlings is improved, 470 effective seedlings are increased, the planting of 6500 original seedlings per mu is calculated, 7640 effective seedlings are increased per mu in example 1, the root system activity is vigorous, the cuttage survival rate reaches 90.6%, the planting rate is improved by 15.8% compared with the prior art, the planting of 90000 seedlings per mu is calculated, 14200 independent seedlings can be increased, the profit of the plug seedling market is calculated by 0.3-0.5 yuan, 2840-7100 yuan per mu can be increased, and the production efficiency is obviously improved. The cuttage method comprises the following steps: the root system of the seedling faces the outside of the substrate groove, the stolon cut is inserted on the surface of the substrate, the insertion angle is as right angle as possible with the substrate, 7-10 days after cuttage, new leaves and new roots grow, 5 mg/plant of nitrogen-containing fertilizer is applied, the initial frequency is 5 days and 1 time, 4 times are continuously applied, 20 mg/plant is accumulated, the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be cut off in 8 months, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the illumination is processed conventionally.
Example 2
The embodiment is basically consistent with the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that in the fertilizer and water management of the secondary parent plant, 4.5mg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the beginning of 24 days in 4 months, the initial frequency is 5 days and 1 time, 4 times are continuous, then the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the frequency is 7 days and 1 time, 1.5mg and 8 times are added to each plant, 112 mg/plant is accumulated, according to the creeping stem extraction characteristic of Ningyu, sufficient nutrition is provided for the secondary parent plant, and the plant body is promoted to extract strong seedlings; in the independent seedling cuttage and cultivation, after 7-10 days of cuttage, new leaves and new roots grow, the application of nitrogen fertilizer containing 4.5 mg/plant is started, the initial frequency is 5 days and 1 time, the continuous time is 4 times, 18 mg/plant is accumulated, the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be cut off in 8 months, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the illumination is processed conventionally.