CN117480956B - Cutting propagation method for Yunnan camellia - Google Patents
Cutting propagation method for Yunnan camellia Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 240000001238 Gaultheria procumbens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000007297 Gaultheria procumbens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000010394 Solidago odora Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000209507 Camellia Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 2
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006846 Camellia reticulata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000658 Camellia reticulata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of camellia planting and breeding, in particular to a Yunnan camellia cutting propagation method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a cluster, namely selecting strong and pest-free Yunnan mountain tea trees in 2 months each year, and selecting annual and lignified top branches; or selecting half lignified or lignified top branches of the current year in 5-6 months each year; preparing a cutting matrix; pre-cutting treatment; cutting, namely keeping leaves not overlapped during cutting, cultivating under scattered light of a greenhouse, and controlling the temperature and the humidity of a seedbed by using a moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device, so that the temperature of the seedbed is kept between 37 and 41 and ︒ ℃, and the humidity is not lower than 80 percent. The method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low cost, convenient popularization and the like, greatly reduces the cutting cultivation difficulty of the Yunnan camellia, is convenient for the operation of planting personnel, has good rooting effect and high survival rate, and can realize the rapid propagation of the Yunnan camellia.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of camellia planting and breeding, in particular to a cutting propagation method for Yunnan camellia.
Background
The Yunnan Camellia (Camellia reticulata), also called Yunnan Camellia, tengchong safflower Camellia, nanshan Camellia and the like, is a evergreen shrub or a small arbor of Camellia (Theaceae), is one of Chinese traditional flowers and trees, is the first of eight flowers in Yunnan, is also the flower-saving flower in Yunnan province and the urban flower in Kunming city, is favored by people, and the introduced and domesticated flower of Yunnan Camellia has been 1500 years up to now, has deep cultural background, is known as the traditional festival of China with large flowers, graceful tree shape and evergreen seasons, and has extremely high ornamental value and garden application value. However, the propagation difficulty of Yunnan camellia is always limited to the large-scale and industrialized development of Yunnan camellia, particularly rare varieties do not have seeds or have few seeds, the traditional propagation method mainly comprises the steps of abutting, the propagation coefficient is low, the cost is high, the operation is complex, the influence on the growth of an abutting parent tree is large, the management is inconvenient, the Yunnan camellia is propagated through cutting, and the problems of difficult rooting and the like are not solved due to the lack of a complete and efficient system in cutting propagation, so that the development of the Yunnan camellia is severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the cuttage propagation method for the Yunnan camellia with good rooting effect, simple operation and convenient management.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a cutting propagation method of Yunnan camellia, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a cluster, namely selecting strong and pest-free Yunnan mountain tea trees in 2 months each year, and selecting annual and lignified top branches; or selecting half lignified or lignified top branches of the current year in 5-6 months each year; the selected top branches are cutting slips, the height of the cutting slips is more than or equal to 10cm, at least 2-3 leaves of each cutting slip are reserved, and 2-3 buds are reserved;
the cutting matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut chaff, 1 part of peat, 1 part of perlite and 3 parts of vermiculite;
pretreatment of cutting: adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into water according to a preset amount to prepare a mixed solution, and soaking the whole cutting in the mixed solution for 21-26 hours; and directly cutting in a matrix after being dipped in the national trypan rooting stock solution at medium speed before cutting; in the mixed solution, the mass fraction of urea is 1-4 per mill, and the mass fraction of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 3-8 per mill;
cutting, namely keeping leaves not overlapped during cutting, cultivating under scattered light of a greenhouse, and controlling the temperature and the humidity of a seedbed by using a moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device, so that the temperature of the seedbed is kept between 37 and 41 and ︒ ℃, and the humidity is not lower than 80 percent.
Preferably, 2 months of spike selection is carried out in 2 months at the bottom to 3 months in ten days; cutting in the middle ten days of 6 months to 7 months after 5-6 months of spike selection.
Preferably, the lower end of the cutting pin adopts an inclined notch.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cuttage method provided by the invention has the advantages that the survival rate can reach 98%, the rooting rate of the survival cutting slips can reach 100%, the root system development condition of the cuttage seedlings is good, the maximum root length can reach 11cm, the minimum root length is 1cm, the rapid seedling raising of the Yunnan camellia is facilitated, meanwhile, the adaptability of the cuttage seedlings to the external environment is greatly improved due to the good root system cultivation condition of the cuttage seedlings, so that the survival rate of the cuttage seedlings in the transplanting process is greatly improved, and the rapid propagation of the Yunnan camellia can be realized. In addition, the full-leaf cuttage is realized through the improvement of the cuttage process, the photosynthesis capacity of the cuttage seedlings is improved, the cuttage seedlings can quickly absorb nutrition, further the formation of callus is facilitated, the root growth of the cuttage seedlings is promoted, meanwhile, due to the fact that the top branch cuttage of the whole cuttage is adopted, the cultivated cuttage seedlings can be directly transplanted into a pot for manufacturing bonsais, the time from seedling cultivation to bonsai manufacturing of Yunnan camellia flowers is greatly shortened, the operation profits of breeding enterprises are improved, and market bases are provided for quick propagation of Yunnan camellia varieties. By improving the whole cutting process, the cutting in the year 2 can be realized, the rooting time of the Yunnan camellia is greatly shortened, and technical support is provided for the rapid propagation of the Yunnan camellia. The invention has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low cost, convenient popularization, low management cost and the like, greatly reduces the cutting cultivation difficulty of the Yunnan camellia, is convenient for the operation of planting personnel, has good rooting effect and high survival rate, and can realize the rapid propagation of the Yunnan camellia.
Drawings
The advantages and the manner of carrying out the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the content shown is meant to illustrate, but not to limit, the invention in any sense, and wherein:
fig. 1 is a rooting condition diagram of cutting seedlings cultivated by a cutting propagation method of Yunnan camellia provided in a specific embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the measurement of the maximum root length of a cutting seedling cultivated by the cutting propagation method of Yunnan camellia provided in the specific embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing measurement of minimum root length in a root system of a cutting seedling cultivated by using the cutting propagation method of Yunnan camellia provided in the specific embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a rooting chart of cutting seedlings cultivated by the cutting propagation method provided in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a rooting chart of cutting seedlings cultivated by the cutting propagation method provided in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a cutting propagation method of Yunnan camellia, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a cluster, namely selecting strong Yunnan mountain tea trees without plant diseases and insect pests in 2 months, and selecting annual and lignified top branches; 50 selected top branches are cutting slips, the height of each cutting slip is more than 10cm, the average height of 50 cutting slips is 14.5cm, at least 2-3 complete leaves are reserved in each cutting slip, and 2-3 buds are reserved;
the cutting matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut chaff, 1 part of peat, 1 part of perlite and 3 parts of vermiculite; the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to be used as a cutting matrix, and the operation is simple;
pretreatment of cutting: adding the mixed solution into water according to the mass fraction of urea of 2 per mill and the mass fraction of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 5 per mill, and soaking the whole cutting in the mixed solution for 24 hours; and directly cutting in a matrix after being dipped in the national trypan rooting stock solution at medium speed before cutting;
cutting, namely cutting in the middle ten days of 2 months to 3 months; the leaves are kept not to overlap during the cutting, the seedling is cultivated for 4 months under the scattered light of a greenhouse, and a moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device is used for controlling the temperature and the humidity of the seedling bed, so that the temperature of the seedling bed is kept between 38 and 40 and ︒ ℃, and the humidity is not lower than 80 percent. The moisturizing temperature control device is the prior art and is not described herein.
Further, the lower end of the cutting pin adopts an inclined notch.
After 4 months of cultivation, the cutting seedlings are taken out of the cutting matrix, and the growth condition of the cutting seedlings is shown in figures 1 to 3.
Example 2
The invention provides a cutting propagation method of Yunnan camellia, which comprises the following steps:
selecting ears, namely selecting half lignified or lignified top branches of the current year in 5-6 months each year; 50 selected top branches are cutting slips, the height of each cutting slip is more than 10cm, at least 2-3 leaves of each cutting slip are reserved, and 2-3 buds are reserved; the lower end of the cutting slip adopts an inclined notch;
the cutting matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut chaff, 1 part of peat, 1 part of perlite and 3 parts of vermiculite; the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to be used as a cutting matrix, and the operation is simple;
pretreatment of cutting: adding the mixed solution into water according to the mass fraction of urea of 1 per mill and the mass fraction of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 8 per mill, and soaking the whole cutting in the mixed solution for 21 hours; and directly cutting in a matrix after being dipped in the national trypan rooting stock solution at medium speed before cutting;
cutting, namely cutting in the middle ten days of 6-7 months, keeping leaves not overlapped during cutting, cultivating for 4 months under full illumination under scattered light of a greenhouse, and controlling the temperature and the humidity of a seedbed by using a moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device to keep the temperature of the seedbed at 39-41 ︒ ℃ and the humidity at not lower than 80%. The moisturizing temperature control device is the prior art and is not described herein.
After 4 months of cultivation, the cutting seedlings are taken out from the cutting matrix, and the growth condition of the cutting seedlings is observed.
Example 3
The invention provides a cutting propagation method of Yunnan camellia, which comprises the following steps:
selecting ears, namely selecting half lignified or lignified top branches of the current year in 5-6 months each year; 50 selected top branches are cutting slips, the heights of the cutting slips are more than or equal to 10cm, at least 2-3 leaves of each cutting slip are reserved, and 2-3 buds are reserved; the lower end of the cutting slip adopts an inclined notch;
the cutting matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut chaff, 1 part of peat, 1 part of perlite and 3 parts of vermiculite; the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to be used as a cutting matrix, and the operation is simple;
pretreatment of cutting: adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into water according to a preset amount to prepare a mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the urea in the mixed solution is 4%o, the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 3%o, and soaking the whole cutting into the mixed solution for 25 hours; and directly cutting in a matrix after being dipped in the national trypan rooting stock solution at medium speed before cutting;
cutting, namely cutting in the middle ten days of 6-7 months, keeping leaves not overlapped during cutting, cultivating for 4 months under full illumination under scattered light of a greenhouse, and controlling the temperature and the humidity of a seedbed by using a moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device to keep the temperature of the seedbed at 37-39 ︒ ℃ and the humidity at least 80%. The moisturizing temperature control device is the prior art and is not described herein.
After 4 months of cultivation, the cutting seedlings are taken out from the cutting matrix, and the growth condition of the cutting seedlings is observed
Example 4
The invention provides a cutting propagation method of Yunnan camellia, which comprises the following steps:
selecting the spike, namely selecting the half lignified or lignified top branches of the current year in 2 months; 50 selected top branches are cutting slips, the average height of the cutting slips is 12.8cm, at least 2-3 complete leaves are reserved for each cutting slip, and 2-3 buds are reserved; the lower end of the cutting slip adopts an inclined notch;
the cutting matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut chaff, 1 part of peat, 1 part of perlite and 3 parts of vermiculite; the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to be used as a cutting matrix, and the operation is simple;
pretreatment of cutting: adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into water according to a preset amount to prepare a mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the urea in the mixed solution is 2.5 per mill, the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 5.5 per mill, and soaking the whole cutting pin in the mixed solution for 26 hours; and directly cutting in a matrix after being dipped in the national trypan rooting stock solution at medium speed before cutting;
cutting, namely cutting in the middle ten days of 2 months to 3 months, keeping leaves not overlapped during cutting, cultivating for 4 months under full illumination under scattered light of a greenhouse, and controlling the temperature and the humidity of a seedbed by using a moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device, so that the temperature of the seedbed is kept between 38 and 40 and ︒ ℃, and the humidity is not lower than 80 percent. The moisturizing temperature control device is the prior art and is not described herein.
After 4 months of cultivation, the cutting seedlings are taken out from the cutting matrix, and the growth condition of the cutting seedlings is observed
Example 5
The invention provides a cutting propagation method of Yunnan camellia, which comprises the following steps:
selecting the spike, namely selecting the half lignified or lignified top branches of the current year in 2 months; 50 selected top branches are cutting slips, the average height of the cutting slips is 13.6cm, at least 2-3 complete leaves are reserved in each cutting slip, and 2-3 buds are reserved; the lower end of the cutting slip adopts an inclined notch;
the cutting matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut chaff, 1 part of peat, 1 part of perlite and 3 parts of vermiculite; the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to be used as a cutting matrix, and the operation is simple;
pretreatment of cutting: adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into water according to a preset amount to prepare a mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the urea in the mixed solution is 1%o, the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 2%o, and soaking the whole cutting into the mixed solution for 10 hours; and directly cutting in a matrix after being dipped in the national trypan rooting stock solution at medium speed before cutting;
cutting, namely cutting in the middle ten days of 2 months to 3 months, keeping leaves not overlapped during cutting, cultivating for 4 months under full illumination under scattered light of a greenhouse, and controlling the temperature and the humidity of a seedbed by using a moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device to keep the temperature of the seedbed at 36-34 ︒ ℃ and the humidity at least 80%. The moisturizing temperature control device is the prior art and is not described herein.
After 4 months of cultivation, the cutting seedlings are taken out from the cutting matrix, and the growth condition of the cutting seedlings is observed
Example 6
The invention provides a cutting propagation method of Yunnan camellia, which comprises the following steps:
selecting the spike, namely selecting the half lignified or lignified top branches of the current year in 2 months; 50 selected top branches are cutting slips, the average height of the cutting slips is 11.5cm, at least 2-3 complete leaves are reserved in each cutting slip, and 2-3 buds are reserved; the lower end of the cutting slip adopts an inclined notch;
the cutting matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut chaff, 1 part of peat, 1 part of perlite and 3 parts of vermiculite; the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to be used as a cutting matrix, and the operation is simple;
pretreatment of cutting: adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into water according to a preset amount to prepare a mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the urea in the mixed solution is 1%o, the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 2%o, and soaking the whole cutting pin in the mixed solution for 20 minutes; and directly cutting in a matrix after being dipped in the national trypan rooting stock solution at medium speed before cutting;
cutting, namely cutting in the middle ten days of 2 months to 3 months, keeping leaves not overlapped during cutting, cultivating for 4 months under full illumination under scattered light of a greenhouse, and controlling the temperature and the humidity of a seedbed by using a moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device, so that the temperature of the seedbed is kept between 27 and 30 and ︒ ℃, and the humidity is not lower than 80 percent. The moisturizing temperature control device is the prior art and is not described herein.
After 4 months of cultivation, the cutting seedlings are taken out from the cutting matrix, and the growth condition of the cutting seedlings is observed
Comparative example 1
The method for carrying out full-illumination cutting propagation on Yunnan camellia specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting spike: 6 months, using the current annual lignified branches, cutting the branches to a length of 5-8 cm, and keeping 2 complete leaves and 1-3 buds per ear for 50 ears in total;
(2) Hormone treatment: soaking the base of the cutting slip in 500ppm naphthalene acetic acid for 10-15 minutes;
(3) Matrix selection: weak acid laterite with pH of 5-6 is used as a cutting matrix, namely, the original soil of Yunnan camellia is used as the cutting matrix;
(4) Moisturizing and temperature controlling: the temperature and humidity of the seedbed are controlled by using a moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device formed by an ultrasonic atomizer and a fan, so that the temperature of the seedbed is not higher than 30 ℃, the temperature of the seedbed is controlled between 27 ℃ and 29 ℃, and the humidity is not lower than 80%;
full-illumination cutting: and (3) in the late 6 months, after the branches collected in the step (1) are processed according to the step (2), inserting the branches into a seedbed formed by the steps (3) and (4) at a row spacing of 6cm and a plant spacing of 5cm, carrying out full illumination on the whole day except for proper sun shading by using 60% sun shading net when sunlight is strongest from 12 pm to 3 pm, culturing for 4 months, taking out cutting seedlings, and observing the growth condition of the cutting seedlings.
Taking out the cutting seedlings cultivated in the specific examples 1-6 and the comparative example 1 from the moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device, counting the growth condition and the rooting quantity of the cutting seedlings, and measuring the average rooting quantity, the average root length and the maximum root length of the cutting seedlings, wherein the rooting quantity of the cutting seedlings which only form rooting points at the root parts of the cutting seedlings but do not grow roots and the rooting quantity of the cutting seedlings with the root length less than 1cm is recorded as 0; calculating the data of the average root length according to the maximum root length data of each cutting seedling; the growth conditions of the cutting seedlings are shown in table 1:
table 1 statistical table of growth of cutting seedlings cultivated in specific examples 1 to 6 and comparative example 1
Fig. 4 and 5 show rooting conditions of camellia seedlings in Yunnan province, which are cut by the method of comparative example 1, and the camellia seedlings in Yunnan province, which are cut by the method, have low survival rate and unsatisfactory rooting, the roots of most of the surviving cutting slips only develop rooting points and do not grow into root systems, few rooting cutting seedlings only breed 1-2 roots and cannot be transplanted immediately, the cultivation period is required to be prolonged to wait for gradual formation of the root systems, and the transplanting survival rate of the cutting seedlings can be improved.
As can be seen from the data in Table 1 and FIG. 1, the survival rate of the Yunnan camellia by the cutting method provided by the invention can reach more than 98%, the rooting rate can reach 100%, and as can be seen from FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the root system development condition of the cutting seedling is good, the maximum root length can reach 11cm, the minimum root length is 1cm, and part of the lateral roots of the main roots are developed, the growth condition is good, the rapid seedling raising of the Yunnan camellia is facilitated, and meanwhile, the adaptability of the cutting seedling to the external environment is greatly improved due to the good root system cultivation condition of the cutting seedling, so that the survival rate of the cutting seedling in the transplanting process is greatly improved, and the rapid propagation of the Yunnan camellia can be realized. In addition, the full-leaf cuttage of the whole cutting slip is realized through improvement of the cuttage process, the photosynthesis capacity of the cutting slip is improved, the cutting slip can quickly absorb nutrition, the formation of callus is further facilitated, the root growth of the cutting slip is promoted, meanwhile, the cultivated cutting slip can be directly transplanted into a pot for making bonsai, the variety of products is realized, the operating profits of breeding enterprises are improved, and a market foundation is provided for the quick propagation of Yunnan camellia varieties.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications are possible in carrying out the invention without departing from the scope and spirit thereof. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. The foregoing description and drawings are merely illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims, but rather to cover all modifications within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The cutting propagation method of the Yunnan camellia is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting a cluster, namely selecting strong and pest-free Yunnan mountain tea trees in 2 months each year, and selecting annual and lignified top branches; or selecting half lignified or lignified top branches of the current year in 5-6 months each year; the selected top branches are cutting slips, the height of the cutting slips is more than or equal to 10cm, 2-3 leaves of each cutting slip are reserved, and 2-3 buds are reserved;
the cutting matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of coconut chaff, 1 part of peat, 1 part of perlite and 3 parts of vermiculite;
pretreatment of cutting: adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into water according to a preset amount to prepare a mixed solution, and soaking the whole cutting in the mixed solution for 21-26 hours; and directly cutting in a matrix after being dipped in the national trypan rooting stock solution at medium speed before cutting; in the mixed solution, the mass fraction of urea is 1-4 per mill, and the mass fraction of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 3-8 per mill;
cutting, namely keeping leaves not overlapped during cutting, cultivating under scattered light of a greenhouse, and controlling the temperature and the humidity of a seedbed by using a moisture-preserving temperature-controlling device, so that the temperature of the seedbed is kept between 37 and 41 and ︒ ℃, and the humidity is not lower than 80 percent.
2. The method for cutting propagation of Yunnan camellia according to claim 1, wherein 2 months of cutting is performed in the middle ten days of 2 months; cutting in the middle ten days of 6 months to 7 months after 5-6 months of spike selection.
3. The method for cutting propagation of Yunnan camellia according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the cutting slip adopts an oblique incision.
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