CN112400588A

CN112400588A - Airy planting and cultivating technical mode for cushaw

Info

Publication number: CN112400588A
Application number: CN202011313946.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘海刚; 段元杰; 孟富宣; 方海东; 孔维喜; 孙漫莹; 陆晓英
Original assignee: RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL ECO-AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES YUNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL ECO-AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES YUNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2020-11-20
Filing date: 2020-11-20
Publication date: 2021-02-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-20
Also published as: CN112400588B

Abstract

The invention discloses a custard-apple close-planting cultivation technical mode, which is characterized in that the downwind direction (generally the south-north direction) is determined as the planting row direction, the scaling is carried out according to the row spacing of 1m multiplied by 2m, and planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m multiplied by 0.6m are dug. In the technology of the invention, only one upright trunk is reserved for each plant of custard apple, the tree height is controlled to be 1.5m, a centipede tree form is adopted, 3 times of pruning are carried out every year, only one batch of fruits are obtained, 15-20 fruits are reserved for each plant, the tree form structure is simple, the branches are relatively few, the pruning technology is simple and easy to learn, technicians and common producers can quickly master and accept the tree form structure, the difficulty of the pruning technology and the difficulty of training the producers are greatly reduced, the production cost is saved, meanwhile, the row spacing of fixedly planted plants is 1m multiplied by 2m, the closely planted plants are highly planted, and each 667m is planted²334 plants of each custard apple, the yield in the high-yield period is 1500-2500 kg, and compared with the prior art, the yield is improved by more than 100%, and the planting benefit is greatly improved.

Description

Airy planting and cultivating technical mode for cushaw

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of shaping of ananas comosus, in particular to a close planting and cultivating technical mode of ananas comosus.

Background

The custard apple is a perennial tropical fruit tree of Annonaceae, Annona, and the custard apple is large in fruit (the maximum single fruit weight can reach 1500g), thick in pulp, much in juice, less in seeds, rich in nutrition, good in flavor, high in sweetness (the total sugar content reaches 20-25%), and is a main cultivated variety in Taiwan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian, Hainan and other provinces at present. After the pinaga ananas is introduced into mainland of China, the pinaga ananas is popular with consumers and has high selling price due to good fruit quality and good flavor and hot-zone fruit flavor of pineapples, guavas and the like, so that the pinaga ananas is not in demand in the current market.

Compared with other fruits, the custard apple is difficult to cultivate and manage, mainly reflected in the technologies of shaping, trimming and producing period adjustment, has higher technical requirements and higher training difficulty for technical workers, and the current cultivation mode has lower yield per unit area, so that the custard apple close planting cultivation technical mode is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a custard apple close planting cultivation technical mode, adopts a centipede tree shape, simplifies the pruning technology, reduces the difficulty of the pruning technology, realizes high-density planting, greatly improves the yield per unit area and the economic benefit, and solves the problems that custard apple is difficult to cultivate management technology, has higher training difficulty for technical workers and has lower yield per unit area.

The invention provides the following technical scheme: a close planting technical mode of custard apple comprises the following steps:

(1) garden selection: planting in flat ground or horizontal terrace with good drainage in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and red loam of 5.5-6.5:

(2) land preparation and planting planning: clearing weeds, sundries, stones and the like which are harmful to cultivation in a garden, deeply turning over the garden in a full-scale mode for 0.8-1.0 m, harrowing and breaking soil blocks and leveling the land after insolation for one month, determining a downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) as a planting row direction, calibrating according to a row spacing of 1m x 2m plants, digging planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m x 0.6m respectively, and separately stacking surface soil and bottom soil during digging holes;

(3) planting: planting the seedlings by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, wherein the planting time is 2-3 months per year, the seedlings are cut to 8-10 cm short of a grafting port before planting, and 1-2 leaves at the top end are removed;

(4) fertilizing: 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each 1-2-year-old young tree per year, the fertilizer requirement of 3-4-year-old fruit trees is large, and 10kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 300g of calcium superphosphate, 1000g of compound fertilizer and 100g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each tree per year;

(5) water content management: when in flowering and pollination, except for keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, the crown is sprayed with water during the full-bloom period, the air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development and improve the pollination fruit setting rate, watering is carried out in time before and after germination to the flowering period, the young sprout growth period, the young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is thoroughly wetted and distributed on the main root system distribution layer;

(6) shaping saplings: after the sprouts of the seedlings germinate, a new tip which grows vigorously and vertically is reserved, the rest new tips are cut off, if the new tip grows obliquely, the new tip is made to grow vertically to the ground by a method of fixing the vertical bamboo pole, the core is removed when the new tip grows to 1.5m, after the leaves at the branch tips are aged, the leaves 50cm away from the ground are upwards, 1 leaf of opposite intercalary leaves is removed every 8-10 cm, so that 10-12 uniformly distributed malpositions are reserved for generating a first-stage branch, and when the first-stage branch grows to 40-50 cm, the first-stage branch is cut short at the position 8-10 cm away from the base part and is integrated into a centipede tree shape;

(7) pruning a fruiting tree: pruning the fruiting tree mainly for 3 times, wherein 1 st time is carried out after the fruit is picked every year, the whole plant is retracted to a first-level branch before the new buds sprout in the first 3 months and the middle ten days, dense branches, insect-infected branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are thinned from the base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, and 2-4 nodes are retracted; the 2 nd pruning is carried out in combination with the adjustment of the production period, the time is before and after noon, 2-3 vertically-grown mediterranean spring tips are reserved at the top end and are pinched, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base part, the fully-developed spring tips are left to be 5-7 cm long for short cutting and 2-3 top end leaves are removed, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, and the tree body is allowed to produce one batch of fruits in one year; the 3 rd time is carried out by combining fruit thinning, after pollination is carried out for about 70 days, the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is 3-4 cm, summer tips below 1m and empty branches are uniformly thinned from the base part, bearing branches are cut at positions 2-4 cm above fruit stalks, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are thinned, 1 fruit is reserved at most on each fruit stalk, over 1m, dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are only thinned from the base part, 15-20 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution are reserved on each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and 20-30 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips which are uniformly distributed and fully developed are reserved on tree crowns;

(8) pollination: after 2 nd pruning of the custard apple, the new bud germinates and starts to flower after about 1 month, and then artificial pollination is carried out;

(9) fruit bagging: the custard apple is bagged after thinning the fruit, one bag is bagged, and the bag is not taken before picking.

Preferably, in the step (2), soil is returned one month before field planting, the surface soil is returned to the lower layer for 20cm, then the fertilizer is fully mixed and returned to the middle layer according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer per plant, the bottom soil is returned to the upper layer and filled to 10-20 cm above the ground, and field planting can be carried out after about 30 days of soil disk sinking.

Preferably, in the step (3), after the surface soil of the planting hole and the middle-layer soil are fully mixed, the nutrition bag is removed, a small hole is dug for planting, the planting depth is determined by the distance of the grafting opening to 3-5 cm from the ground, a burette technology is adopted for irrigation, root fixing water is immediately poured after planting, the root fixing water is replenished once every 3d, the watering amount is not excessive, the humidity of the planting ditch is determined, the watering frequency and the watering amount after the new sprout of the seedling germinates are determined according to the climate condition, and the soil is kept to be moist.

Preferably, in the step (4), when the young trees growing for 1-2 years are fertilized every year, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one step in spring, the urea is applied by a dropper after the young trees grow mature for 4 months, 6 months and 9 months respectively to promote the growth of tree vigor, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one step after the first pruning of the young trees growing for 3-4 years, and the urea and the trace element fertilizer are applied by the dropper after the 2 nd pruning and the dropper during the fruit expansion period respectively.

Preferably, in the step (8), artificial pollination is carried out at 18:00 evening to 22:00 night, pollen is directly taken from the flower with the anther naturally cracked by using a soft brush pen, and the pollen is immediately pollinated to the stigma of the slightly opened or semi-opened flower of the petal for 15-20 days.

Preferably, the bagging in the step (9) adopts a light-tight double-layer kraft paper bag, so that bright and beautiful fruits are kept.

The invention provides a tight planting cultivation technical mode of ananas comosus, each plant of ananas comosus only has a vertical trunk, the height of the tree is controlled to be 1.5m, a centipede tree form is adopted, 3 times of pruning are carried out every year, only one batch of fruits are obtained, 15-20 fruits are reserved for each plant, as the tree form structure is simple, the branches are relatively few, the pruning technology is simple and easy to learn, technical personnel and common producers can quickly master and accept the tree form, the pruning technology difficulty and the training difficulty for producers are greatly reduced, the production cost is saved, meanwhile, the row spacing of fixed planting plants is 1m multiplied by 2m, the high tight planting is carried out every 667m²334 plants of each custard apple, the yield in the high-yield period is 1500-2500 kg, and compared with the prior art, the yield is improved by more than 100%, and the planting benefit is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, a custard apple close-planting cultivation technical mode comprises the following steps:

The first embodiment is as follows:

a close planting technical mode of custard apple comprises the following steps:

firstly, planting in flat ground or horizontal terrace land with good drainage in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and red loam of 5.5-6.5: then, weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden are removed, the garden is completely and deeply turned by 0.8m to 1.0m, soil blocks are raked and crushed after being exposed for one month, the land is leveled, the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is determined as the planting row direction, the planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m x 0.6m are dug according to the calibration of the row spacing of 1m x 2m plants, and the surface soil and the bottom soil are separately stacked when holes are dug; then, the seedlings are planted in a 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag for 2-3 months each year, the seedlings are cut to 8-10 cm short of a grafting opening before planting, and 1-2 leaves at the top end are removed; then 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each young tree growing for 1-2 years each year, the fertilizer requirement of the fruiting tree growing for 3-4 years is large, and 10kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 300g of calcium superphosphate, 1000g of compound fertilizer and 100g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each young tree each year; then, when in flowering and pollination, except for keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, the crown is sprayed with water during the full-bloom period, the air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development and improve the pollination fruit setting rate, watering is carried out in time before and after germination to the flowering period, the young sprout growth period, the young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is thoroughly wetted and distributed on the main root system distribution layer; then, after the sprout of the seedling germinates, a new tip with vigorous growth and vertical growth is reserved, the rest new tip is cut off, if the new tip grows obliquely, the new tip is made to grow vertically to the ground by a method of fixing the vertical bamboo pole, the core is removed when the new tip grows to 1.5m, after the leaf blade of the branch tip is aged, the leaf blade is removed upwards at a distance of 50cm from the ground, 1 leaf blade of opposite alternate leaves is removed at intervals of 8-10 cm, so as to promote 10-12 uniformly distributed malpositions to generate a primary branch, and when the primary branch grows to 40-50 cm, the primary branch is cut short at a distance of 8-10 cm from the base part and is integrated into a centipede tree shape; then pruning the bearing trees for 3 times, wherein 1 st time is carried out after fruit picking every year, the whole plant is retracted to a first-level branch before new buds sprout in the first 3 months and the middle ten days, dense branches, diseased and insect branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are thinned from the base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, and 2-4 nodes are retracted; the 2 nd pruning is carried out in combination with the adjustment of the production period, the time is before and after noon, 2-3 vertically-grown mediterranean spring tips are reserved at the top end and are pinched, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base part, the fully-developed spring tips are left to be 5-7 cm long for short cutting and 2-3 top end leaves are removed, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, and the tree body is allowed to produce one batch of fruits in one year; the 3 rd time is carried out by combining fruit thinning, after pollination is carried out for about 70 days, the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is 3-4 cm, summer tips below 1m and empty branches are uniformly thinned from the base part, bearing branches are cut at positions 2-4 cm above fruit stalks, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are thinned, 1 fruit is reserved at most on each fruit stalk, over 1m, dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are only thinned from the base part, 15-20 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution are reserved on each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and 20-30 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips which are uniformly distributed and fully developed are reserved on tree crowns; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds begin to bloom after about 1 month of germination, and then pollination is carried out manually; then bagging after thinning fruits, one bag for each fruit, and not taking the bag before picking.

Example two:

in one embodiment, the following steps are added:

and (3) returning soil in the previous month of field planting in the step (2), firstly returning surface soil to the lower layer for 20cm, then fully mixing the fertilizers uniformly according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer per plant, returning the fertilizers to the middle layer, returning bottom soil to the upper layer, filling the mixture to a position 10-20 cm higher than the ground, and performing field planting after a soil disk sinks for about 30 days.

Firstly, planting in flat ground or horizontal terrace land with good drainage in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and red loam of 5.5-6.5: then removing weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden, turning the garden thoroughly and deeply by 0.8-1.0 m, harrowing soil blocks and leveling the land after insolation for one month, determining that the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is the planting row direction, scaling according to the row spacing of 1m multiplied by 2m plants, digging planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m multiplied by 0.6m respectively, piling surface soil and bottom soil separately during digging holes, returning soil in the previous month after planting, returning the surface soil to the lower layer by 20cm, then returning the fertilizer to the middle layer after fully mixing the fertilizer according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer for each plant, returning the bottom soil to the upper layer, filling the soil to the position 10-20 cm higher than the ground, and sinking a soil tray for about 30 days; then, the seedlings are planted in a 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag for 2-3 months each year, the seedlings are cut to 8-10 cm short of a grafting opening before planting, and 1-2 leaves at the top end are removed; then 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each young tree growing for 1-2 years each year, the fertilizer requirement of the fruiting tree growing for 3-4 years is large, and 10kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 300g of calcium superphosphate, 1000g of compound fertilizer and 100g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each young tree each year; then, when in flowering and pollination, except for keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, the crown is sprayed with water during the full-bloom period, the air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development and improve the pollination fruit setting rate, watering is carried out in time before and after germination to the flowering period, the young sprout growth period, the young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is thoroughly wetted and distributed on the main root system distribution layer; then, after the sprout of the seedling germinates, a new tip with vigorous growth and vertical growth is reserved, the rest new tip is cut off, if the new tip grows obliquely, the new tip is made to grow vertically to the ground by a method of fixing the vertical bamboo pole, the core is removed when the new tip grows to 1.5m, after the leaf blade of the branch tip is aged, the leaf blade is removed upwards at a distance of 50cm from the ground, 1 leaf blade of opposite alternate leaves is removed at intervals of 8-10 cm, so as to promote 10-12 uniformly distributed malpositions to generate a primary branch, and when the primary branch grows to 40-50 cm, the primary branch is cut short at a distance of 8-10 cm from the base part and is integrated into a centipede tree shape; then pruning the bearing trees for 3 times, wherein 1 st time is carried out after fruit picking every year, the whole plant is retracted to a first-level branch before new buds sprout in the first 3 months and the middle ten days, dense branches, diseased and insect branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are thinned from the base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, and 2-4 nodes are retracted; the 2 nd pruning is carried out in combination with the adjustment of the production period, the time is before and after noon, 2-3 vertically-grown mediterranean spring tips are reserved at the top end and are pinched, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base part, the fully-developed spring tips are left to be 5-7 cm long for short cutting and 2-3 top end leaves are removed, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, and the tree body is allowed to produce one batch of fruits in one year; the 3 rd time is carried out by combining fruit thinning, after pollination is carried out for about 70 days, the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is 3-4 cm, summer tips below 1m and empty branches are uniformly thinned from the base part, bearing branches are cut at positions 2-4 cm above fruit stalks, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are thinned, 1 fruit is reserved at most on each fruit stalk, over 1m, dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are only thinned from the base part, 15-20 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution are reserved on each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and 20-30 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips which are uniformly distributed and fully developed are reserved on tree crowns; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds begin to bloom after about 1 month of germination, and then pollination is carried out manually; then bagging after thinning fruits, one bag for each fruit, and not taking the bag before picking.

Example three:

in example two, the following steps were added:

and (3) fully and uniformly mixing surface soil of the planting hole and middle-layer soil, removing a nutrition bag, digging small holes for planting, wherein the planting depth is determined by the distance between a grafting opening and the ground by 3-5 cm, irrigating by adopting a dropper technology, immediately watering root fixing water thoroughly after planting, and then supplementing and watering once every 3d, wherein the watering amount is not excessive, the watering frequency and the watering amount are determined according to the climate condition after the new bud of the seedling germinates, and the soil is kept moist.

Firstly, planting in flat ground or horizontal terrace land with good drainage in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and red loam of 5.5-6.5: then removing weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden, turning the garden thoroughly and deeply by 0.8-1.0 m, harrowing soil blocks and leveling the land after insolation for one month, determining that the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is the planting row direction, scaling according to the row spacing of 1m multiplied by 2m plants, digging planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m multiplied by 0.6m respectively, piling surface soil and bottom soil separately during digging holes, returning soil in the previous month after planting, returning the surface soil to the lower layer by 20cm, then returning the fertilizer to the middle layer after fully mixing the fertilizer according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer for each plant, returning the bottom soil to the upper layer, filling the soil to the position 10-20 cm higher than the ground, and sinking a soil tray for about 30 days; then, the seedlings are planted by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, the planting time is 2-3 months per year, the seedlings are cut to 8-10 cm short to a grafting opening before planting, 1-2 leaves at the top end are removed, the nutrition bag is removed after the surface soil of a planting hole is fully mixed with the middle-layer soil, a small hole is dug, the planting depth is determined by the distance between the grafting opening and the ground by 3-5 cm, the drip tube technology is adopted for irrigation, root fixing water is immediately watered after planting, the watering quantity is not too much at intervals of 3d, the humidity of a planting ditch is determined, the watering frequency and the watering quantity of the newly germinated seedlings are determined according to the weather conditions, and the soil is kept moist; then 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each young tree growing for 1-2 years each year, the fertilizer requirement of the fruiting tree growing for 3-4 years is large, and 10kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 300g of calcium superphosphate, 1000g of compound fertilizer and 100g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each young tree each year; then, when in flowering and pollination, except for keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, the crown is sprayed with water during the full-bloom period, the air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development and improve the pollination fruit setting rate, watering is carried out in time before and after germination to the flowering period, the young sprout growth period, the young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is thoroughly wetted and distributed on the main root system distribution layer; then, after the sprout of the seedling germinates, a new tip with vigorous growth and vertical growth is reserved, the rest new tip is cut off, if the new tip grows obliquely, the new tip is made to grow vertically to the ground by a method of fixing the vertical bamboo pole, the core is removed when the new tip grows to 1.5m, after the leaf blade of the branch tip is aged, the leaf blade is removed upwards at a distance of 50cm from the ground, 1 leaf blade of opposite alternate leaves is removed at intervals of 8-10 cm, so as to promote 10-12 uniformly distributed malpositions to generate a primary branch, and when the primary branch grows to 40-50 cm, the primary branch is cut short at a distance of 8-10 cm from the base part and is integrated into a centipede tree shape; then pruning the bearing trees for 3 times, wherein 1 st time is carried out after fruit picking every year, the whole plant is retracted to a first-level branch before new buds sprout in the first 3 months and the middle ten days, dense branches, diseased and insect branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are thinned from the base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, and 2-4 nodes are retracted; the 2 nd pruning is carried out in combination with the adjustment of the production period, the time is before and after noon, 2-3 vertically-grown mediterranean spring tips are reserved at the top end and are pinched, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base part, the fully-developed spring tips are left to be 5-7 cm long for short cutting and 2-3 top end leaves are removed, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, and the tree body is allowed to produce one batch of fruits in one year; the 3 rd time is carried out by combining fruit thinning, after pollination is carried out for about 70 days, the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is 3-4 cm, summer tips below 1m and empty branches are uniformly thinned from the base part, bearing branches are cut at positions 2-4 cm above fruit stalks, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are thinned, 1 fruit is reserved at most on each fruit stalk, over 1m, dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are only thinned from the base part, 15-20 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution are reserved on each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and 20-30 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips which are uniformly distributed and fully developed are reserved on tree crowns; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds begin to bloom after about 1 month of germination, and then pollination is carried out manually; then bagging after thinning fruits, one bag for each fruit, and not taking the bag before picking.

Example four:

in example three, the following steps were added:

in the step (4), when the young trees growing for 1-2 years are fertilized every year, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied once after spring shearing, the urea is applied by a dropper after the young trees grow mature for 4 months, 6 months and 9 months respectively to promote the growth of the tree vigor, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied once after the 1 st pruning of the young trees growing for 3-4 years, and the urea and the trace element fertilizer are applied by the dropper after the 2 nd pruning and the dropper during the fruit expansion period respectively.

Firstly, planting in flat ground or horizontal terrace land with good drainage in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and red loam of 5.5-6.5: then removing weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden, turning the garden thoroughly and deeply by 0.8-1.0 m, harrowing soil blocks and leveling the land after insolation for one month, determining that the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is the planting row direction, scaling according to the row spacing of 1m multiplied by 2m plants, digging planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m multiplied by 0.6m respectively, piling surface soil and bottom soil separately during digging holes, returning soil in the previous month after planting, returning the surface soil to the lower layer by 20cm, then returning the fertilizer to the middle layer after fully mixing the fertilizer according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer for each plant, returning the bottom soil to the upper layer, filling the soil to the position 10-20 cm higher than the ground, and sinking a soil tray for about 30 days; then, the seedlings are planted by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, the planting time is 2-3 months per year, the seedlings are cut to 8-10 cm short to a grafting opening before planting, 1-2 leaves at the top end are removed, the nutrition bag is removed after the surface soil of a planting hole is fully mixed with the middle-layer soil, a small hole is dug, the planting depth is determined by the distance between the grafting opening and the ground by 3-5 cm, the drip tube technology is adopted for irrigation, root fixing water is immediately watered after planting, the watering quantity is not too much at intervals of 3d, the humidity of a planting ditch is determined, the watering frequency and the watering quantity of the newly germinated seedlings are determined according to the weather conditions, and the soil is kept moist; then 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each young tree of 1-2 years each year, the fertilizer requirement of a fruiting tree of 3-4 years is large, 10kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 300g of calcium superphosphate, 1000g of compound fertilizer and 100g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each young tree each year, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one step in spring when the young trees of 1-2 years are applied each year, the urea is applied by a dropper after the young trees grow mature in 4, 6 and 9 months respectively to promote the growth of tree vigor, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one step after the 1 pruning of the young trees of 3-4 years, and the urea and the trace element fertilizer are applied by the dropper after the 2 nd pruning and the fruit expanding period respectively; then, when in flowering and pollination, except that the soil is kept moist, if the soil is dry after climate, the crown is sprayed with water during the full-bloom period, the air humidity is increased, so that the flower development is facilitated, the pollination fruit-setting rate is improved, watering is carried out in time before and after germination until the flowering period, the young sprout growth period, the young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is thoroughly wetted and distributed on the main root system distribution layer; then, after the sprout of the seedling germinates, a new tip with vigorous growth and vertical growth is reserved, the rest new tip is cut off, if the new tip grows obliquely, the new tip is made to grow vertically to the ground by a method of fixing the vertical bamboo pole, the core is removed when the new tip grows to 1.5m, after the leaf blade of the branch tip is aged, the leaf blade is removed upwards at a distance of 50cm from the ground, 1 leaf blade of opposite alternate leaves is removed at intervals of 8-10 cm, so as to promote 10-12 uniformly distributed malpositions to generate a primary branch, and when the primary branch grows to 40-50 cm, the primary branch is cut short at a distance of 8-10 cm from the base part and is integrated into a centipede tree shape; then pruning the bearing trees for 3 times, wherein 1 st time is carried out after fruit picking every year, the whole plant is retracted to a first-level branch before new buds sprout in the first 3 months and the middle ten days, dense branches, diseased and insect branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are thinned from the base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, and 2-4 nodes are retracted; the 2 nd pruning is carried out in combination with the adjustment of the production period, the time is before and after noon, 2-3 vertically-grown mediterranean spring tips are reserved at the top end and are pinched, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base part, the fully-developed spring tips are left to be 5-7 cm long for short cutting and 2-3 top end leaves are removed, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, and the tree body is allowed to produce one batch of fruits in one year; the 3 rd time is carried out by combining fruit thinning, after pollination is carried out for about 70 days, the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is 3-4 cm, summer tips below 1m and empty branches are uniformly thinned from the base part, bearing branches are cut at positions 2-4 cm above fruit stalks, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are thinned, 1 fruit is reserved at most on each fruit stalk, over 1m, dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are only thinned from the base part, 15-20 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution are reserved on each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and 20-30 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips which are uniformly distributed and fully developed are reserved on tree crowns; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds begin to bloom after about 1 month of germination, and then pollination is carried out manually; then bagging after thinning fruits, one bag for each fruit, and not taking the bag before picking.

Example five:

in example four, the following steps were added:

and (8) performing artificial pollination in the evening at 18:00 to 22:00 at night, directly taking pollen from the flower with the anther naturally cracked by using a soft brush pen, immediately pollinating the stigma of the slightly opened or semi-opened flower with the petals for 15-20 days.

Firstly, planting in flat ground or horizontal terrace land with good drainage in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and red loam of 5.5-6.5: then removing weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden, turning the garden thoroughly and deeply by 0.8-1.0 m, harrowing soil blocks and leveling the land after insolation for one month, determining that the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is the planting row direction, scaling according to the row spacing of 1m multiplied by 2m plants, digging planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m multiplied by 0.6m respectively, piling surface soil and bottom soil separately during digging holes, returning soil in the previous month after planting, returning the surface soil to the lower layer by 20cm, then returning the fertilizer to the middle layer after fully mixing the fertilizer according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer for each plant, returning the bottom soil to the upper layer, filling the soil to the position 10-20 cm higher than the ground, and sinking a soil tray for about 30 days; then, the seedlings are planted by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, the planting time is 2-3 months per year, the seedlings are cut to 8-10 cm short to a grafting opening before planting, 1-2 leaves at the top end are removed, the nutrition bag is removed after the surface soil of a planting hole is fully mixed with the middle-layer soil, a small hole is dug, the planting depth is determined by the distance between the grafting opening and the ground by 3-5 cm, the drip tube technology is adopted for irrigation, root fixing water is immediately watered after planting, the watering quantity is not too much at intervals of 3d, the humidity of a planting ditch is determined, the watering frequency and the watering quantity of the newly germinated seedlings are determined according to the weather conditions, and the soil is kept moist; then 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each young tree of 1-2 years each year, the fertilizer requirement of a fruiting tree of 3-4 years is large, 10kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 300g of calcium superphosphate, 1000g of compound fertilizer and 100g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each young tree each year, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one step in spring when the young trees of 1-2 years are applied each year, the urea is applied by a dropper after the young trees grow mature in 4, 6 and 9 months respectively to promote the growth of tree vigor, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one step after the 1 pruning of the young trees of 3-4 years, and the urea and the trace element fertilizer are applied by the dropper after the 2 nd pruning and the fruit expanding period respectively; then, when in flowering and pollination, except for keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, the crown is sprayed with water during the full-bloom period, the air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development and improve the pollination fruit setting rate, watering is carried out in time before and after germination to the flowering period, the young sprout growth period, the young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is thoroughly wetted and distributed on the main root system distribution layer; then, after the sprout of the seedling germinates, a new tip with vigorous growth and vertical growth is reserved, the rest new tip is cut off, if the new tip grows obliquely, the new tip is made to grow vertically to the ground by a method of fixing the vertical bamboo pole, the core is removed when the new tip grows to 1.5m, after the leaf blade of the branch tip is aged, the leaf blade is removed upwards at a distance of 50cm from the ground, 1 leaf blade of opposite alternate leaves is removed at intervals of 8-10 cm, so as to promote 10-12 uniformly distributed malpositions to generate a primary branch, and when the primary branch grows to 40-50 cm, the primary branch is cut short at a distance of 8-10 cm from the base part and is integrated into a centipede tree shape; then pruning the bearing trees for 3 times, wherein 1 st time is carried out after fruit picking every year, the whole plant is retracted to a first-level branch before new buds sprout in the first 3 months and the middle ten days, dense branches, diseased and insect branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are thinned from the base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, and 2-4 nodes are retracted; the 2 nd pruning is carried out in combination with the adjustment of the production period, the time is before and after noon, 2-3 vertically-grown mediterranean spring tips are reserved at the top end and are pinched, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base part, the fully-developed spring tips are left to be 5-7 cm long for short cutting and 2-3 top end leaves are removed, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, and the tree body is allowed to produce one batch of fruits in one year; the 3 rd time is carried out by combining fruit thinning, after pollination is carried out for about 70 days, the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is 3-4 cm, summer tips below 1m and empty branches are uniformly thinned from the base part, bearing branches are cut at positions 2-4 cm above fruit stalks, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are thinned, 1 fruit is reserved at most on each fruit stalk, over 1m, dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are only thinned from the base part, 15-20 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution are reserved on each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and 20-30 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips which are uniformly distributed and fully developed are reserved on tree crowns; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds germinate and begin to bloom after about 1 month, then artificial pollination is carried out, artificial pollination is carried out from 18:00 at evening to 22:00 at night, pollen is directly taken from the flower with the anther naturally cracked by a soft brush pen, the pollen is immediately pollinated to the stigma of the slightly opened or semi-opened flower of the petal, and the pollination is continued for 15-20 days; then bagging after thinning fruits, one bag for each fruit, and not taking the bag before picking.

Example six:

in example five, the following steps were added:

and (4) bagging in the step (9) by adopting a lighttight double-layer kraft paper bag, so that the bright and beautiful fruits are kept.

Firstly, planting in flat ground or horizontal terrace land with good drainage in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and red loam of 5.5-6.5: then removing weeds, sundries, stones and the like which hinder cultivation in the garden, turning the garden thoroughly and deeply by 0.8-1.0 m, harrowing soil blocks and leveling the land after insolation for one month, determining that the downwind direction (generally the north-south direction) is the planting row direction, scaling according to the row spacing of 1m multiplied by 2m plants, digging planting ditches with the width and the depth of 0.8m multiplied by 0.6m respectively, piling surface soil and bottom soil separately during digging holes, returning soil in the previous month after planting, returning the surface soil to the lower layer by 20cm, then returning the fertilizer to the middle layer after fully mixing the fertilizer according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer for each plant, returning the bottom soil to the upper layer, filling the soil to the position 10-20 cm higher than the ground, and sinking a soil tray for about 30 days; then, the seedlings are planted by adopting 1-2-year-old grafting nutrition bag seedlings, the planting time is 2-3 months per year, the seedlings are cut to 8-10 cm short to a grafting opening before planting, 1-2 leaves at the top end are removed, the nutrition bag is removed after the surface soil of a planting hole is fully mixed with the middle-layer soil, a small hole is dug, the planting depth is determined by the distance between the grafting opening and the ground by 3-5 cm, the drip tube technology is adopted for irrigation, root fixing water is immediately watered after planting, the watering quantity is not too much at intervals of 3d, the humidity of a planting ditch is determined, the watering frequency and the watering quantity of the newly germinated seedlings are determined according to the weather conditions, and the soil is kept moist; then 5kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 200g of calcium superphosphate and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each young tree of 1-2 years each year, the fertilizer requirement of a fruiting tree of 3-4 years is large, 10kg of organic fertilizer, 300g of urea, 300g of calcium superphosphate, 1000g of compound fertilizer and 100g of trace element fertilizer are applied to each young tree each year, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one step in spring when the young trees of 1-2 years are applied each year, the urea is applied by a dropper after the young trees grow mature in 4, 6 and 9 months respectively to promote the growth of tree vigor, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one step after the 1 pruning of the young trees of 3-4 years, and the urea and the trace element fertilizer are applied by the dropper after the 2 nd pruning and the fruit expanding period respectively; then, when in flowering and pollination, except for keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, the crown is sprayed with water during the full-bloom period, the air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development and improve the pollination fruit setting rate, watering is carried out in time before and after germination to the flowering period, the young sprout growth period, the young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is thoroughly wetted and distributed on the main root system distribution layer; then, after the sprout of the seedling germinates, a new tip with vigorous growth and vertical growth is reserved, the rest new tip is cut off, if the new tip grows obliquely, the new tip is made to grow vertically to the ground by a method of fixing the vertical bamboo pole, the core is removed when the new tip grows to 1.5m, after the leaf blade of the branch tip is aged, the leaf blade is removed upwards at a distance of 50cm from the ground, 1 leaf blade of opposite alternate leaves is removed at intervals of 8-10 cm, so as to promote 10-12 uniformly distributed malpositions to generate a primary branch, and when the primary branch grows to 40-50 cm, the primary branch is cut short at a distance of 8-10 cm from the base part and is integrated into a centipede tree shape; then pruning the bearing trees for 3 times, wherein 1 st time is carried out after fruit picking every year, the whole plant is retracted to a first-level branch before new buds sprout in the first 3 months and the middle ten days, dense branches, diseased and insect branches and weak branches with the diameter of less than 1cm are thinned from the base, robust branches with the diameter of more than 1cm are reserved, and 2-4 nodes are retracted; the 2 nd pruning is carried out in combination with the adjustment of the production period, the time is before and after noon, 2-3 vertically-grown mediterranean spring tips are reserved at the top end and are pinched, all over-dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are removed from the base part, the fully-developed spring tips are left to be 5-7 cm long for short cutting and 2-3 top end leaves are removed, all flowers and summer fruits are removed, and the tree body is allowed to produce one batch of fruits in one year; the 3 rd time is carried out by combining fruit thinning, after pollination is carried out for about 70 days, the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is 3-4 cm, summer tips below 1m and empty branches are uniformly thinned from the base part, bearing branches are cut at positions 2-4 cm above fruit stalks, malformed fruits, small fruits and redundant fruits are thinned, 1 fruit is reserved at most on each fruit stalk, over 1m, dense branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches are only thinned from the base part, 15-20 fruits with standard fruit types and uniform distribution are reserved on each plant after fruit thinning and trimming, and 20-30 upright or semi-upright growing summer tips which are uniformly distributed and fully developed are reserved on tree crowns; after the 2 nd pruning, the new buds germinate and begin to bloom after about 1 month, then artificial pollination is carried out, artificial pollination is carried out from 18:00 at evening to 22:00 at night, pollen is directly taken from the flower with the anther naturally cracked by a soft brush pen, the pollen is immediately pollinated to the stigma of the slightly opened or semi-opened flower of the petal, and the pollination is continued for 15-20 days; and then bagging after thinning fruits, namely bagging one fruit, wherein the bag is not taken before picking, and the bag is made of light-tight double-layer kraft paper bags to keep the fruits bright and beautiful.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention and the equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A close planting technical mode of custard apple is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) garden selection: planting in flat or horizontal terrace lands with good drainage in tropical and subtropical regions, wherein the soil pH value is sandy loam, gravelly loam and red loam of 5.5-6.5;

(5) water content management: when in flowering and pollination, except for keeping soil moist, if the climate is dry, the crown is sprayed with water during the full-bloom period, the air humidity is increased, so as to be beneficial to flower development and improve the pollination fruit-setting rate, watering is carried out in time before and after germination to the flowering period, the young sprout growth period, the young fruit expansion period, the rapid expansion period, the fruit picking period and the dormancy period, and the watering amount is based on the soil which is wet and penetrates through the main root distribution layer;

2. The custard apple tightly-planted cultivation technical mode of claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) returning soil in the previous month of field planting in the step (2), firstly returning surface soil to the lower layer for 20cm, then fully mixing the fertilizers uniformly according to the standard of 20kg of farmyard manure, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer per plant, returning the fertilizers to the middle layer, returning bottom soil to the upper layer, filling the mixture to a position 10-20 cm higher than the ground, and performing field planting after a soil disk sinks for about 30 days.

3. The custard apple tightly-planted cultivation technical mode of claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) fully and uniformly mixing surface soil of the planting hole and middle-layer soil, removing the nutrition bag, digging small holes for planting, wherein the planting depth is determined by the distance between a grafting opening and the ground by 3-5 cm, irrigating by adopting a dropper technology, immediately watering root fixing water thoroughly after planting, and then supplementing and watering once every 3d, wherein the watering amount is not excessive, the watering frequency and the watering amount after the new bud of the seedling is germinated are determined according to the climate condition, and the soil is kept moist.

4. The custard apple tightly-planted cultivation technical mode of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), when the young trees growing for 1-2 years are fertilized every year, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one step in spring, the urea is applied by a dropper after the young trees grow mature for 4 months, 6 months and 9 months respectively to promote the growth of the tree vigor, the organic fertilizer, the calcium superphosphate and the compound fertilizer are applied in one step after the young trees grow for 3-4 years are pruned for 1 time, and the urea and the trace element fertilizer are applied by droppers after the young trees are pruned for 2 times and during the fruit expansion period respectively.

5. The custard apple tightly-planted cultivation technical mode of claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) carrying out artificial pollination in the evening at 18:00 to 22:00 at night in the step (8), directly taking pollen from the flower with the anther naturally cracked by using a soft brush pen, immediately pollinating the stigma of the slightly opened or semi-opened flower with the petals for 15-20 days.

6. The custard apple tightly-planted cultivation technical mode of claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) in the step (9), the bag is sleeved by a light-tight double-layer kraft paper bag, so that the bright and beautiful fruits are kept.