CN1123577C - 海洋真菌炭团菌多糖及其提取方法和用途 - Google Patents
海洋真菌炭团菌多糖及其提取方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种海洋真菌炭团菌(Hypoxylon SP.)多糖,其分子量为202000,它由葡萄糖组成,具有β-糖苷键,不含蛋白质和核酸,该炭团菌多糖有抑制小鼠移植Heps实体瘤和促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖作用,并促进小鼠细胞因子IL-2和TNF-α基因的表达。本发明公开了该炭团菌多糖的提取方法和纯化方法。
Description
本发明涉及从海洋真菌炭团菌(Hypoxylon SP.炭团菌为自译名)发酵物中提取的一种多糖及其它的提取方法和作为抗肿瘤药物的应用。
近年来海洋药物的研究已成为一个热点。海洋包含许多生命极限的环境,为了适应这种极限环境,海洋生物必需产生结构独特、活性强烈的物质。到目前为止,世界范围内已从海洋生物中分离得到新型化合物1万多种,其中许多具有抗肿瘤活性。据报道,在最近有希望作为抗癌药物的天然化合物中,大部分来自海洋生物。
另一个方面多糖药物在抗肿瘤方面的优势也引起广泛关注。研究已表明:许多多糖,尤其是真菌多糖(如香菇多糖、猪苓多糖、云芝糖肽、裂褶菌多糖等)具有抗肿瘤作用。多糖作为一种广谱免疫调节剂,主要通过宿主中介,刺激机体的各种免疫活性细胞的成熟、分化和繁殖,使机体免疫系统恢复到足以驱除吞噬肿瘤细胞的程度。与传统抗肿瘤药物相比,多糖药物一般毒副作用小,对机体免疫力无损伤并有加强作用,不易引起放化疗后期因机体免疫力低下而引起的多种并发症。对老年及癌症晚期等因身体衰弱而不易接受化疗放疗的患者尤其适用。与其他药物合用,既有抗肿瘤的生物活性,还有免疫药理的减毒作用。
海洋生物来源的多糖、尤其是海洋微生物多糖的抗肿瘤作用研究的不多,只有日本学者Umezawa等报道了从海洋微生物湿润黄杆菌(Flavobacteriumuliginosum)的发酵产物中获得一种称为‘marinactan’的杂多糖,该多糖不仅具有很强的抗肿瘤和提高人体免疫功能的作用,而且与化疗药物在抗肿瘤方面有协同作用,毒副作用极小,已用于临床(参见Umezawa H,Okami Y,et al.Marinactanantitumor polysaccharide produce by marine Bacteria.J Antibiol 1983,36:371-378.)。然而,到目前为止,尚未见有关抗肿瘤海洋真菌炭团菌多糖的报道。
本发明的目的在于
1.提供一种具有抗肿瘤作用或免疫增强作用的海洋真菌多糖。
2.提供一种提取海洋真菌多糖粗品的方法以及分离纯化得到单一多糖的方法。
3.提供一种本发明的多糖在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种海洋真菌炭团菌(Hypoxylon SP.)多糖,其分子量为202000,它由葡萄糖组成,具有β-糖苷键,不含蛋白质和核酸。
一种提取本发明的海洋真菌炭团菌多糖粗品的方法,它是在炭团菌发酵物或菌丝体中加入去离子水,加热提取,将提取液浓缩,在浓缩液中加入氯仿及正丁醇,剧烈震荡去除蛋白质,保留水溶液,将该溶液对水透析除去小分子物质,然后浓缩,加入乙醇沉淀出炭团菌多糖,真空干燥后得到本发明的海洋真菌炭团菌多糖粗品(YCP)。
在上述方法中,加热提取是在水浴中加热,水浴温度在70-80℃。
在上述方法中,为彻底除去蛋白质,需用氯仿及正丁醇提取数次。
一种纯化本发明的海洋真菌炭团菌多糖粗品的方法,它是将上述方法提取的海洋真菌炭团菌多糖粗品溶解于水,用DEAE-52离子交换柱进行层析分离,以NaCl溶液梯度洗脱,用硫酸蒽酮比色法跟踪检测,收集炭团菌多糖,再用SephacrylS-400分子筛柱层析,以0.05mol/L NaCl溶液洗脱,用硫酸蒽酮比色法跟踪检测,收集炭团菌多糖,冷冻干燥,即得到本发明的单一的炭团菌多糖(YCP1)。
本发明的炭团菌多糖粗品(YCP)或炭团菌多糖纯品(YCP1)对小鼠移植Heps实体瘤有明显的抑制作用,对淋巴细胞有明显的促增殖作用,因此可以用于制备抗肿瘤药物,YCP和YCP1对IL-2、TNF-α的基因表达均有促进作用,YCP1对γ-IFN的基因表达有明显的促进作用,因此可以用于制备免疫促进剂。
本发明的特色在于:粗炭团菌多糖YCP和从中纯化得到的单一炭团菌多糖YCP1均具有促进细胞因子IL-2、TNF-α及γ-IFN相关基因表达的作用。在我们的实验条件下其作用强度明显大于香菇多糖。在抑制移植肿瘤Heps方面,粗炭团菌多糖亦明显优于云芝多糖,比环邻酰胺稍弱,但无环邻酰胺抑制生长的副作用。因此,粗炭团菌多糖和从中纯化得到的单一炭团菌多糖均系极具前途的抗肿瘤药和免疫促进剂。与其它海洋生物相比,海洋真菌可以发酵生产,故来源有保证。总之,本发明提供了一种来源独特、易于工业化、某些方面优于香菇多糖和云芝多糖的抗肿瘤多糖。
以下通过实施例进步说明本发明。
实施例1:粗炭团菌多糖YCP的提取
称取湿菌体500g,加水置组织捣碎器中捣碎,补足水至3000ml,70-80℃水浴提取10小时。间歇搅拌,纱布滤去残渣,3000r.p.m离心去沉淀。提取液浓缩至1000ml,加入浓缩液1/5体积的氯仿及1/25体积的正丁醇,剧烈振荡,静置分层,除去下层有机溶剂层及中间层,保留水层。反复萃取4次。所得溶液对自来水透析48小时。透析液浓缩至1000ml,加入3倍量乙醇沉淀,4℃放置4小时。离心除去上清液,依次以无水乙醇、丙酮、乙醚洗涤,真空干燥得本发明产物炭团菌多糖粗品(代号:YCP)。
实施例2:单一炭团菌多糖YCP1的制备
取YCP100mg,充分溶解于水,上已平衡好的DEAE-52离子交换柱。柱规格为(3.5×20cm),平衡液为蒸馏水。上样体积为30ml,先以200ml蒸馏水洗涤,再以0-2mol/L NaCl溶液各250ml梯度洗脱,分步收集,硫酸蒽酮比色法跟踪检测,合并相同组分。离子交换柱分离所得炭团菌多糖组分上SephacrylS-400分子筛柱层析,以0.05mol/L NaCl溶液洗脱。柱规格为(2.0×100cm),分步收集,硫酸蒽酮比色法跟踪检测,合并相同组分。冷冻干燥,得到本发明产物单一的炭团菌多糖成品(代号:YCP1)。
实施例3:YCP1性质及结构测定
1.纯度和分子量测定
采用分子筛柱层析法测定纯度和分子量:
Sephacryl S-400层析柱,柱规格为2.0×100cm,取YCP1 5mg,溶于2ml氯化钠(0.05M)中,以0.05mol/L氯化钠洗脱,分步收集,硫酸蒽酮比色法跟踪检测,画出洗脱曲线,计算洗脱体积。
依次以兰色葡聚糖及标准分子量多糖Dextran T-10、T-40、T-70和T-500相继上柱,测外水体积Ve及标准分子量多糖洗脱体积Vt,按Vt/Ve与分子量对数关系作图,绘制标准曲线。样品洗脱体积与标准曲线对照,确定分子量,测得炭团菌多糖的分子量为202000,洗脱曲线为平滑对称的单一峰。
2.单糖组分分析
纸层析:称取样品10mg,以2M硫酸水解,碳酸钡中和,浓缩点样。以乙酸乙酯-吡啶-水(10∶4∶3)为展开剂,以其上层液上行展开,标准单糖为对照,苯胺-邻苯二甲酸为显色剂,证明单糖为葡萄糖。
糖醇乙酰化衍生物的气相分析:多糖水解物及标准单糖用硼氢化钠还原,经732型强酸性离子交换树脂处理,流出液浓缩至干,再加入甲醇反复处理抽干,然后加入醋酐-吡啶(1∶1)于100℃水浴乙酰化20min,使组成单糖转变为乙酰化衍生物,再溶于氯仿进行气相层析检定。气相层析的柱温为220℃,检测器温度为270℃,载气流速为50ml/min。结果YCP1显示为葡萄糖单峰。YCP1的组成为葡萄糖。
3.红外光谱分析
样品1mg,KBr压片,4000-400cm-1区间扫描。YCP1在890cm-1处有吸收,证明YCP1含有β-糖苷键。
4.紫外光谱分析
样品以蒸馏水溶解,200-700nm区间扫描。YCP1在260、280nm处无吸收,说明其不含蛋白质和核酸。
实施例4:活性研究
实验研究证明,本发明的粗品多糖具有一定的抗肿瘤作用,粗品多糖及单一多糖均具有免疫增强作用。主要的药理及生物活性实验结果如下:
1.口服YCP对小鼠移植Heps实体瘤的抑制作用
取小鼠40只,按移植性肿瘤研究法接种Heps,接种后24小时称重,并随机分为4组,设空白对照组、YCP组(400mg/kg),云芝多糖组(800mg/kg)及环邻酰胺组(25mg/kg),连续口服给药9天,每天一次,于停药后第一天处死荷瘤小鼠称重,并分离瘤块称重,所得数据进行统计学处理(t检验)。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,YCP组、云芝多糖组和环邻酰胺组(化疗阳性药)组的抑瘤率分别为50.2%、33.5%、69.1%,环邻酰胺组抑瘤效果强于YCP,但其对小鼠给药后的体重生长有明显的抑制作用,而YCP对小鼠体重生长无影响。结果见表1。
表1.口服YCP多糖对小鼠移植性Heps实体瘤的抑制作用
(X±SD)
鼠数 剂量 体重(g) 瘤重 抑瘤率组别
(只) (mg/ml) 给药前 给药后 (g) (%)对照组 10 20.1±1.37 27.0±1.37 2.09±0.21YCP组 10 400 20.0±1.25 26.8±0.95 1.04±0.21** 50.2云芝多糖10 800 20.2±1.23 26.4±1.00 1.32±0.28** 33.5环邻酰胺10 25 20.0±1.49 22.8±1.42 0.65±0.14** 69.4
与对照组比较,*P<0.05 **P<0.01
2.YCP对淋巴细胞增殖的影响
小鼠两只脱椎处死,浸入70%乙醇消毒片刻,无菌取脾置于盛有Hank’s液的平皿中,剪成小块,研磨,筛网过滤制成单细胞悬液。所得脾细胞悬液转移至离心管中,低速离心5min,吸除上清,以Hank’s液洗涤三次,最后以含20%小牛血清的培养液悬浮细胞,调整浓度至5×106/ml,加入96孔板中,每孔100μl,加入不同浓度药物100μl,培养48小时。结束培养前4小时,吸除100ul培养液,加入MTT 10μl,继续培养至48小时。结束培养后,每孔加入100μl细胞溶解液溶解MTT结晶,温育6小时,570nm测吸光值。结果表明:YCP对淋巴细胞有明显的促增殖作用。结果见表2。
表2.YCP对淋巴细胞增殖的影响
组别 剂 量 OD(570)×100±SD
(μg/ml)
空白组 29.17±2.27
ConA 5 55.5±4.06**
YCP 200 62.17±2.79*
YCP 150 62.5±3.08**
YCP 100 60.17±2.03**
YCP 50 58.0±4.03**
YCP 25 57.17±3.98**
与对照组相比,*P<0.05 **P<0.01
3.YCP和YCP1对细胞因子基因表达的促进作用
无菌取小鼠脾脏,分离脾细胞,加入1640培养基,及YCP、YCP1,以香菇多糖作为阳性对照,于5%CO2,37℃培养箱中培养6小时。离心沉淀细胞,加入1mlTRIZOL试剂反复吹打裂解细胞,2-8℃,12000r.p.m离心10分钟,上清含RNA,转移至另管。15-30℃放置5分钟,使核蛋白充分解离。加入0.2ml氯仿,振摇15秒,12000r.p.m离心15分钟,离心后样品分为酚-氯仿层,中间层和无色水层。将水层转移至另管,加入0.5ml异丙醇,-20℃放置30分钟,2-8℃12000r.p.m离心10分钟,弃上清,用1ml75%乙醇洗涤沉淀,7500r.p.m2-8℃离心10分钟,弃上清,置超净台上风干沉淀。用DEPC处理过的水溶解沉淀,取适量稀释后测定A260和A280,计算A260/A280的比值和RNA液的浓度。取2.5μgRNA溶于10μl无RNase水中,加入逆转录缓冲液2μl,RNA酶抑制剂0.5μl,DNTP2μl,AMV酶15u及随机引物0.5μg。室温放置10分钟,42℃保温30分钟,99℃保温5分钟使AMV酶灭活,4℃保存。逆转录产物分装为5管,每管4μl,各管加入PCR缓冲液10μl,DNTP 2μl,上游及下游引物(其引物设计见表3)2μl,无菌水74μl,。94℃变性5分钟,加入Taq酶0.6μl,94℃保温30秒,55℃保温1分钟,72℃保温1分钟,35个循环,72℃延伸7分钟。PCR产物10μl,进行琼脂糖电泳,EB染色后用凝胶成像仪测定各条带的扫描积分值,扫描结果经过t-检验,表明粗品YCP和纯品YCP1均对IL-2、TNF-α的基因表达均有促进作用。在γ-IFN的基因表达实验中,粗品YCP未显示出促进作用,而精品YCP1则对γ-IFN的基因表达有明显的促进作用。结果见表4。
表3.PCR引物设计表
Genes Primer Sequences Expected Size of PCR
Products(base pairs)IL-2 5’ GACACT TGT GCT CCT TG 307Bp
3’ TCA ATT CTG TGG CCT GCTNF-α 5’ AGC CCA CGT CGT AGC AAA 441Bp
3’ ACA CCC ATT CCC TTC ACA GAγ-IFN 5’ CAA TGA ACG CTA CAC AC 470Bp
3’ CCTCAG CGA CGA CTCβ-actin 5’ CCA AGG CCA ACC GCG AGA AGA TGA C 587Bp
3’ AGG GTA CAT GGT GGT GCC GCC AGA C
表4.YCP和YCP1对细胞因子基因表达的影响
组别 IL-2* γ-IFN* TNF-α*
空白组 0.176 1.194 0.775YCP(200μg/ml) 0.625** 0.811 0.988*YCP1(200μg/ml) 0.311* 1.151* 1.287**香菇多糖 0.084 0.189 1.110(40μg/ml)
*相对单位[A(Cytokine)/A(β-actin)]
与空白组相比,**P<0.01,*P<0.05
Claims (5)
1.一种海洋真菌炭团菌多糖,其特征是分子量为202000,它由葡萄糖组成,具有β-糖苷键,不含蛋白质和核酸。
2.一种提取权利要求1所述的炭团菌多糖的方法,其特征是在炭团菌发酵物或菌丝体中加入去离子水,加热提取,将提取液浓缩,在浓缩液中加入氯仿及正丁醇,剧烈震荡去除蛋白质,保留水溶液,将该溶液对水透析除去小分子物质,然后浓缩加乙醇沉淀出炭团菌多糖,真空干燥后得到本发明的海洋真菌炭团菌多糖粗品。
3.一种纯化权利要求2所述的炭团菌多糖粗品制备单一炭团菌多糖的方法,其特征是将用权利要求2所述的方法提取的炭团菌多糖粗品溶解于水,用DEAE-52离子交换柱进行层析分离,NaCl溶液梯度洗脱,收集炭团菌多糖,再用Sephacryl S-400分子筛柱层析,以0.05mol/L NaCl溶液洗脱,收集炭团菌多糖,冷冻干燥,即得到本发明的单一的炭团菌多糖。
4.一种权利要求1所述的海洋真菌炭团菌多糖的用途,其特征是用于制备抗肿瘤药物。
5.一种权利要求1所述的海洋真菌炭团菌多糖的用途,其特征是用于制备免疫促进剂。
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