CN1123403C - 在小型带钢生产设备中轧制热轧宽带钢的方法和设备 - Google Patents
在小型带钢生产设备中轧制热轧宽带钢的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
当进行热机械加工时,与正火后变形不同的是,在终轧时保温。此时,奥氏体没有发生再结晶或没有明显地发生再结晶。根据本发明,为了在CSP设备中进行轧制而提出了一套适应于被送入CSP轧制设备(4-10)中的且具有铸造组织的薄板坯(13)的方案,在进行进一步变形(6)前,它可以完全终止在第一次热机械变形(4)时开始的铸造组织的再结晶。
Description
本发明涉及一种在一套CSP设备中将由含有钒和/或铌和/或钛的铁素体-珠光体型微合金化结构钢构成的连铸薄板坯轧制成热轧宽带钢的方法,其中连铸板坯被切分成轧制坯料段并通过一台均热炉被供给一个多机架式CSP轧机机列并在此轧机机列中被连续地轧制成热轧宽带钢,随后它在一个冷却段内接受冷却并被卷成带卷。
EP-A-0368048公开了一种在CSP设备(小型带钢生产设备)中轧制热轧宽带钢的方法,其中连铸坯料在被切分成轧制坯料段后经过均热炉而被直接供给轧机。在这里采用了多机架式轧机。在此轧机中,在均热炉中被加热到1100℃-1300℃的轧制坯料段在连续的加工步骤中且在所述加工步骤之间设有除鳞装置的情况下被轧制成成品带材。
为了改善强度和韧性以及与之有关地明显提高钢质轧件的屈服极限值和冲击韧性,在EP-A-0413163中提出了热机械加工轧件。
当热机械加工轧件时,与正火后加工(其中加工是在奥氏体完全再结晶的正火温度区内发生的)不同的是,根据有目标的变形速率而保持温度不变,其中奥氏体没有发生再结晶或没有明显发生再结晶,即在任何情况下,在真正的轧件热机械加工前总是存在奥氏体组织,它不含或含少量的晶核或低温下稳定相的组织成分。
另外,原始组织的调整可以直接由浇铸热量实现或是在室温或中间温度的预热炉内实现。
根据如EP-A-0413163所述的方法,轧件变形起始于稳定奥氏体的温度区域内且一直持续到紧邻温度Ar3之上的温度。
为了达到有利于热机械轧制的温度区域,轧件的开轧道次温度由所希望的变形率决定。
热机械加工的特点是:不仅将塑性变形用于生产特定的产品几何尺寸,而且将其用于调整所需的真实组织并同时确保特定的材料性能。在这里,再结晶奥氏体不发生多晶型γ-α转变(奥氏体在正火后变形中已发生再结晶)。
当冷装炉以便在传统轧机中进行加工时,常见的板坯经历了多晶型转变:
-液相(L)→铁素体(δ)→奥氏体A1(γ)→铁素体(α)→奥氏体A2(γ)
而对CSP工艺适用的是:
-液相(L)→铁素体(δ)→奥氏体A1(γ)
结果是,奥氏体混晶超饱和且碳化物从奥氏体中析出的势位升高。
本发明的任务是:为了当在CSP设备中轧制CSP板坯时通过无需中间冷却和随后再加热的直接轧制方式利用组织转变的特点和由此引起的材料性能,为在CSP设备中进行的热机械轧制设计了一套特殊的加工策略。
在方法方面,上述任务是通过权利要求1特征部分的措施解决的,而在设备方面,上述任务是通过权利要求5特征部分的措施解决的,即为了通过热机械轧制而获得最佳的热轧宽带钢机械性能,在薄板坯经过CSP设备时利用下述加工步骤实施受控制的组织转变:
a)通过在第一次变形时调整限定的温度条件和变形条件来改变铸造组织,其中温度位于再结晶终止温度(TR)以上,从而在第一次变形过程中和/或在第一次变形之后,铸造组织在开始第二次变形步骤前实现了完全再结晶(动态和/或亚动态和/或静态);
b)当温度低于温度TR时,在最后的轧制机架上进行轧制,其中变形总量不应该超过30%且终轧温度接近温度Ar3(奥氏体/铁素体转变温度);
c)在冷却段、优选为层流式冷却段内对热轧宽带钢进行控制冷却,其中奥氏体在温度Ar3和温度Bs(贝氏体转变起始温度)之间进行多晶型转变。
通过本发明的措施,利用特定的热量发展情况而以最佳方式使热机械变形与CSP技术的特定工艺参数相一致。另外,在调整温度和变形条件的情况下,特别要注意与传统轧制方法的根本区别之处:
-在粗轧机组中接受粗轧(塑性变形)的且具有再结晶组织的板坯进入传统轧机的精轧机组中;
-具有铸造组织的薄板坯被送入CSP精轧机列中;
-CSP薄板坯的表面状况明显不同于粗轧板坯(如通过其拓补工艺)。
在由热加工引起的固体反应中,由这些区别也引起了差异,例如
-不同的大角界自由度;
-不同的混晶和析出情况;
-由化学不均匀性和界面的不同特性引起的不同的扩散作用和扩散动力学,在调整工艺参数时同样要注意这些问题。
根据本发明,拟定了在温度高于再结晶终止温度(TR)的情况下进行第一次变形,从而铸造组织在第一次变形过程中和/或在第一次变形之后实现了完全再结晶。另外,再结晶可以动态地和/或亚动态地和/或静态地发生。
另外根据本发明,在进行下一次变形前完全结束再结晶是很重要的。如果机架间距和轧制速率不足以提高所需的时间间隔,则可以根据本发明的一个有利设计方案使下一个轧机机架处于空轧状态,从而直到再下一个轧机机架为止,有足够的时间可供再结晶使用,其中在再下一个机架内接着进行第二次变形。同时,轧机机架的打开不排出其用作板坯推进机构的可能性。
接着,为了强化奥氏体以实现其多晶型转变,在CSP轧机机列的最后轧机机架内的进一步变形是在低于再结晶终止温度(TR)的温度下进行的。另外,奥氏体强化型变形的总量应该不超过30%。终轧温度接近温度Ar3。
随后,当温度位于温度Ar3(奥氏体-铁素体转变温度)和温度Bs(贝氏体转变起始温度)之间时,奥氏体紧接着在例如层流段的隔绝冷却过程中实现了多晶型转变。
进一步提高机械性能可以通过进一步控制带卷冷却来实现,其中特别是有目标地影响析出过程。
根据本发明,或许先在第三轧机机架内进行的第二次变形可优选地有助于引起第二再结晶周期。在重新接受加工前,所述的第二再结晶周期造成组织进一步细化和均匀化。为此,后续轧机机架也可以处于空轧状态,此轧机机架同样可以根据需要而用作推进机构。在第二次变形过程中,温度同样高于温度TR。
实施本发明方法的设备是由一套CSP设备构成的,其中连铸薄板坯以直接装炉轧制方式(无中间冷却和随后的再加热)在多机架式CSP轧机机列中接受轧制,并且组织结构可在CSP轧机机列、冷却段和卷取装置中受到控制地转变,以求获得最佳的热轧宽带钢机械性能。在这里,特别是在第一次变形和第二次变形之间以及根据需要还在第二次变形和第三次变形之间,完全再结晶所需的变化时间间隔是可以调整的。
以下结合附图而用一个实施例来进一步描述本发明的方法。
在附图中示出了一套CSP设备,在此设备中通过热机械轧制方式生产出约6mm厚的高强结构钢型热轧宽带材。
利用一台切割装置2将从连铸设备1中出来的薄板坯13切分成轧制坯料段并将它们送入均热炉3内。在此均热炉内将它们加热到约1130℃。
在轧制温度为1080℃的情况下,在第一轧机机架4上用50%的道次压下量进行第一次变形。为了使所希望的再结晶在第二次变形前完全结束,第二轧机机架5处于空轧(打开)状态且它只用作推进机构。
随后,在轧制温度为1030℃的情况下,在第三轧机机架6上用40%的道次压下量进行第二次变形。由于此变形被用于进一步再结晶,所以随后的第四轧机机架7同样处于空轧状态且它只用作推进机构。
进一步的变形包括:
-在轧制温度为900℃的情况下,在第五轧机机架8上用30%的道次压下量进行第三次变形;
-在轧制温度为840℃的情况下,在第六轧机机架9上用25%的道次压下量进行第四次变形;
-在轧制温度为800℃的情况下,在第七轧机机架10上用15%的道次压下量进行第五次变形;
随后,在层流式冷却段11内将热轧宽带钢冷却到600℃(卷取温度)并在一台地下卷取装置12中将其卷成带卷。
在附图中画出了对应于各加工步骤的温度区域。第一次变形和第二次变形之间的时间间隔I有助于第一再结晶段。同时,温度T高于温度TR。
第二次变形与第三次变形之间的时间间隔II有利于第二再结晶段。同样地,其温度T高于温度TR。
从第三次变形到最终变形的时间间隔(III)有助于奥氏体加工硬化,其温度T在温度TR和温度Ar3之间。
最终变形后的冷却时间(IV)有助于奥氏体的多晶型转变。在这种情况下,温度T在温度Ar3和温度温度BS之间。
在上述实施例中实行的参数只是可用于某个钢种的参数。为了通过热机械轧制而获得对组织的最佳影响,还要考虑其它参数如辊径、轧制速率、机架间距。
Claims (7)
1.一种在一套CSP设备中将由含有钒和/或铌和/或钛的铁素体-珠光体型微合金化结构钢制成的连铸薄板坯(13)轧制成热轧宽带钢的方法,其中连铸板坯(13)被切分成轧制坯料段并经过一台均热炉(3)被供给一个多机架式CSP轧机机列(4-10)并在此轧机机列中被连续地轧制成热轧宽带钢,随后它在一个冷却段(11)内接受冷却并被卷成带卷(12),其特征在于,为了通过热机械轧制而获得最佳的热轧宽带钢机械性能,在薄板坯经过CSP设备时利用下述加工步骤实施受控制的组织转变:
a)通过在第一次变形(4)时调整限定的温度条件和变形条件来改变铸造组织,其中加工温度位于再结晶终止温度(TR)以上,从而在第一次变形(4)过程中和/或在第一次变形之后,铸造组织在开始第二次变形步骤(6)前实现了完全再结晶;
b)当温度低于温度TR时,在最后的轧制机架(8-10)上进行轧制,其中变形总量不应该超过30%且终轧温度接近奥氏体/铁素体转变温度;
c)在冷却段(11)内对热轧宽带钢进行控制冷却,其中奥氏体在奥氏体/铁素体转变温度和贝氏体转变起始温度之间进行多晶型转变。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据需要地使第二轧制机架(5)处于空轧状态以提供第一次转变再结晶所需的时间且此轧制机架根据要求只用作推进机构。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在铸造组织由于第一次变形(4)而发生再结晶之后,由第二次变形(6)引起了第二再结晶周期。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,为了提供由第二轧制步骤(6)引起的再结晶所需的时间,使后续轧制机架(7)处于空轧状态且它根据需要地只用作推进机构。
5.一种用于实施如前述一项或多项权利要求所述的方法的、在一套CSP设备中将由含有钒和/或铌和/或钛的铁素体-珠光体型微合金化结构钢构成的连铸薄板坯(13)轧制成热轧宽带钢的设备,其中连铸板坯(13)被切分成轧制坯料段并经过一台均热炉(3)被供给一个多机架CSP轧机机列(4-10)并在此轧机机列中被连续地轧制成热轧宽带钢,随后它在一个冷却段(11)内接受冷却并被卷成带卷(12),其特征在于,在限定的第一轧制机架(4)变形条件方面调整多机架轧机机列(4-10),从而在第一次变形(4)过程中和/或紧接在第一次变形之后出现了薄板坯铸造组织的再结晶,所述轧机机列对应于再结晶时间地具有足够大的第一轧制机架(4)和第二轧制机架(6)之间的距离,从而再结晶在开始第二次变形前结束。
6.如权利要求5所述的设备,其特征在于,第二轧制机架(6)与第三轧制机架(8)之间的距离至少适应于进一步再结晶的时间,所述的进一步再结晶是在第二次变形中引起的且它应该在开始第三次变形(8)时基本结束。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述冷却段(11)为层流式冷却段。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE19725434.9 | 1997-06-16 | ||
DE19725434A DE19725434C2 (de) | 1997-06-16 | 1997-06-16 | Verfahren zum Walzen von Warmbreitband in einer CSP-Anlage |
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CN1207965A CN1207965A (zh) | 1999-02-17 |
CN1123403C true CN1123403C (zh) | 2003-10-08 |
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US (1) | US6030470A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0885974B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4208101B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1123403C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR012993A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE204916T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9801994A (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19725434C2 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG21540A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2163830T3 (zh) |
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-
1997
- 1997-06-16 DE DE19725434A patent/DE19725434C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-06-10 BR BR9801994-5A patent/BR9801994A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-06-10 US US09/095,338 patent/US6030470A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-12 DE DE59801289T patent/DE59801289D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-12 EP EP98110734A patent/EP0885974B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-12 AT AT98110734T patent/ATE204916T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-06-12 ES ES98110734T patent/ES2163830T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-15 CN CN98102927A patent/CN1123403C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-15 JP JP16738398A patent/JP4208101B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JPH1177102A (ja) | 1999-03-23 |
EG21540A (en) | 2001-11-28 |
CN1207965A (zh) | 1999-02-17 |
JP4208101B2 (ja) | 2009-01-14 |
DE59801289D1 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
AR012993A1 (es) | 2000-11-22 |
ATE204916T1 (de) | 2001-09-15 |
BR9801994A (pt) | 1999-10-13 |
DE19725434C2 (de) | 1999-08-19 |
EP0885974A1 (de) | 1998-12-23 |
US6030470A (en) | 2000-02-29 |
EP0885974B1 (de) | 2001-08-29 |
ES2163830T3 (es) | 2002-02-01 |
DE19725434A1 (de) | 1998-12-24 |
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