CN1122567A - 用于钻削弯孔的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于钻削弯孔的方法和装置,其中,上述装置包括一把钻枪(20)和一个装有切割钻头(240)的可拆卸刀架(174)。钻枪包括触发开关(66,66′,66″),当操作人员向钻枪手柄(24)的方向按压触发开关时,钻枪将为气动马达提供能量,并以不同的速度沿一弧线推进两个相对的切割钻头。当按压触发开关时,带有一个切割钻头(240)的弯曲导向臂(234)将比另一个弯曲导向臂(234)更快地向前推进,并先越过弯孔的中点,然后,在另一个弯曲导向臂和切割钻头越过中点时,前一弯曲导向臂和切割钻头从中点处回缩。因此,避免了两个切割钻头之间的干涉,并能够加工出光滑的弯孔。此外,可拆卸刀架(174)能够使柔性轴(238)断裂的可能性达到最小。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于在物体中钻削弯孔的方法和装置,特别涉及采用两个切割钻头钻削弯孔的方法和装置,其中的两个切割钻头沿着两条相交的弧线推进,以便在物体中加工出弯孔。
许多应用场合都需要在某个物体上钻出弯孔。例如,在矫形手术中,很多治疗方案都要求用缝线将细胞组织固定在骨头上,这些缝线必须穿过加工在骨头上的孔;如果市场上具有能在骨头上高效地钻出弯孔的装置,那么对这些治疗方案将是十分有益的。过去所使用的典型方法要求在骨头上钻两个互成一定角度的孔,同时希望两个直孔能彼此相交,以便使弯曲的手术针能够不折断或不卡住地从中穿过。为了适应手术针的弯曲形状,直孔的直径必须大于所希望的直径。此外,在需要钻孔的位置上,工作空间往往较小,这就使得在有限的空间中钻两个互成一定角度的孔的工作变得很困难。当然,如果市场上具有低价格的、能够在物体上加工出光滑弯孔的装置,对工业领域来说也将是十分有益的。因此,这种装置的应用并不局限在医疗领域中。
本发明人的两个早期的美国专利No.4,941,466和No.5,002,546公开了一些解决弯孔加工问题的方法。在第一个专利中,公开了一种弯孔钻削装置及其方法,这种装置包括两根具有柔性轴部分的从动轴,每个柔性轴上均装有切割钻头。固定在铰接转臂上的半圆形弯曲钻削导向器松松地保持着每个柔性轴和切割钻头。两根连杆将两个钻削导向器与一个用于推进切割钻头的推杆相连,以便使两个切割钻头能够沿着彼此相交的90°弧线相向地同步转动。推杆的推进是通过使铰接手柄相对静止手柄进行移动而实现的。在第二实施例中,在操作人员的控制下,钻削导向器在蜗轮蜗杆传动的作用下也将相向地同步转动。
美国专利No.5,002,546公开了若干种不同的弯孔加工装置的实施例,在这些装置中,除了使用切割钻头之外还使用了各种其它的加工方法。所公开的、用于支撑切割钻头和驱动机构的装置形似一把手枪,触发开关通过机械的方式与各种连杆相连,这些连杆用于推进切割装置,以便加工弯孔。
在上述的两个专利中,钻削弯孔装置存在的主要问题是:当切割钻头彼此相向转动,并在弯孔的中部附近彼此相遇时,两个切割钻头之间将发生干涉。很显然,人们希望所加工出的弯孔在中部或中点处也是光滑的,然而,在现有技术中,两个切割钻头是同时推进,并在弯孔的中部相遇的,由于两个切割钻头的切割面将互相切削,因而将会造成两个切割钻头的损坏,同时,因为切割钻头都不越过中点,在弯孔的中点位置将会留下粗糙的周边凸台。对于现有专利技术尚未涉及的这一问题来说,解决的方法是:分别推进切割钻头,使得第一个切割钻头先越过弯孔的中点,然后,在另一个切割钻头越过中点之前,再使第一个切割钻头回缩。这样,两个切割钻头就不会彼此接触,而且它们都能随弯曲导向器的转动而越过中点,从而能够在物体中加工出光滑的弯孔。由于现有技术均未公开或建议这种方法,很显然,现有技术中也没有适用于完成这种任务的机构。
通过使用两个杠杆,并按不同的时间顺序沿着钻头的各自弧线独立地推动两个相对的切割钻头是可以达到所要求的上述目的的,但是这种方法既不很巧妙,也不是解决这一问题的特别实用的方法。理想的钻削弯孔装置应该能够用单手进行操作,而不需要操作人员在推进每个切割钻头时分别操作彼此独立的杠杆。为了按不同的时间顺序推进两个切割钻头,操作独立杠杆的工作可能需要用双手进行,并且当加工多个弯孔时,反复进行这种操作将是十分复杂和困难的。
现有技术尚未涉及的另一个问题是柔性驱动轴的磨损问题和切割钻头的钝化问题,以及它们的解决方法,这些问题将不可避免地会经常出现。另一个相关的问题涉及到:在加工不同规格、不同半径的弯孔时,不应该要求对每种尺寸和半径的孔都提供一台不同的整体驱动装置。在上述参考文献中,所设计和构造的加工弯孔装置都不便于柔性驱动轴和切割钻头的更换,并且上述文献也未涉及在加工不同尺寸或不同半径的孔时,在继续使用同一转动驱动机构和推进机构的条件下,用于更换切割钻头和弯曲导向器的机构。一种解决这一问题的低成本方法是:将不同半径的弯曲导向器或不同直径的切割钻头分别布置在能够用于同一驱动机构的可拆卸刀架中。
因为这种装置所加工弯孔的曲率半径可以相对较小,例如小于0.5in,所以驱动切割钻头的柔性轴也必须能适应相应的小曲率半径。在切割钻头与柔性轴连接点附近,柔性轴的柔性通常有所降低,而不巧的是,该处的应力也往往较大。在实践中已经观察到,在使用弯孔钻削装置的过程中,柔性轴的断裂常常发生在切割钻头附近。因此,很明显,应该对现有技术中的装置进行一些改造,以便延长柔性轴的使用寿命。
根据本发明,用于在一物体中钻削弯孔的装置包括:提供转动驱动力的原动机和一对柔性轴,其中每根柔性轴都有一个近端和一个远端。近端与原动机相连,以便在原动机所提供的转动力的作用下使柔性轴转动,而远端则与切割钻头相连。这种装置也包括一个壳体,此壳体也有一个近端和一个远端,在钻削弯孔时,其中的远端要布置在物体附近。柔性轴至少在壳体中延伸一段距离。一对弯曲导向器通过铰接的方式固定,以便使它们能够沿着彼此相交的共面弧线转动,并且每个弯曲导向器都支撑着两个柔性轴中的一个柔性轴的远端。随着两个弯曲导向器从壳体的远端处彼此相对地向外转动,当两个切割钻头转动并在物体上钻削弯孔时,弯曲导向器确定了一条每个切割钻头都将遵循的运动轨迹。就这样,切割钻头受到弯曲导向器的支撑,并在柔性轴的作用下转动。一对杠杆铰接在壳体上的铰销处,并且每个杠杆都通过机械的方法与不同的弯曲导向器相连,当杠杆绕其铰销转动时,弯曲导向器将沿着共面弧线转动。当在物体中加工弯孔时,杠杆将按不同的时间顺序沿着切割钻头运动轨迹的共同部分推进两个切割钻头,使得两个切割钻头之间不会彼此接触。
在本发明的第一优选形式中,两个杠杆中的一个杠杆包括一个触发开关,当触发开关仅沿一个方向转动时,与触发开关联动的装置将使另一杠杆先沿一个方向,然后再沿相反的方向转动,使得切割钻头将按下述顺序运动。首先,在与另一个杠杆相连的弯曲导向器的带动下,一个切割钻头先越过弯孔轨迹的中点。之后,该切割钻头从弯孔轨迹的中点处回缩。最后,另一个切割钻头越过中点,以便完成孔的加工,从而避免了切割钻头之间的干涉。
这种装置还包括操纵原动机的控制机构,当触发开关从其静止位置转动时,为了加工弯孔,触发开关将启动控制机构,从而使钻削弯孔装置能够获得驱动力,以便推动切割钻头。
作为一种选择,本发明的另一优选形式包括一个独立的触发开关和一个连杆机构,此连杆机构通过机械的方法将触发开关与两个杠杆连接起来。触发开关仅沿一个方向的运动将使两个杠杆中的一个杠杆先沿第一方向,然后沿相反的第二方向转动,而使另一个杠杆只沿第一方向运动。因此,一个杠杆将先推进两个切割钻头中的一个切割钻头,使其越过弯孔轨迹的中点,然后,当另一个切割钻头从轨迹的另一端越过中点时,前一个切割钻头沿原轨迹回缩,从而完成弯孔的加工工作。在此实施例的一种形式中,连杆机构包括一对随着触发开关的运动而转动的凸轮。凸轮上具有不同的转动表面。每个杠杆都随动于两个凸轮中的一个凸轮的转动表面,并且凸轮的形状决定了随转动表面而运动的杠杆的运动规律,以便使两个杠杆能够具有不同的运动。
在此实施例的另一种形式中,连杆机构包括位于触发开关上的倾斜表面,两个杠杆在不同位置上分别与倾斜表面接触。由于每个杠杆都与倾斜表面进行接触,并沿倾斜表面的不同部分运动,因此,触发开关的运动将引起两个杠杆的不同运动。
在这种装置中最好有范围调整装置,通过范围调整装置,杠杆的转动将能使弯曲导向器和切割钻头在一定的范围内移动,以便能够利用具有不同曲率半径的弯曲导向器加工具有不同曲率半径的弯孔。调整装置包括一对连杆。每个连杆都在一个弯曲导向器和一个杠杆之间延伸,并且在杠杆附近,连杆具有一个倾斜部分,倾斜的角度使得它能够在距杠杆的铰销一定距离处与杠杆接触。这一距离决定了所选的、具有一定曲率半径的弯曲导向器的运动范围。
弯孔钻削装置具有一个壳体,壳体最好包括钻枪部分和可拆卸刀架部分,其中,柔性轴在可拆卸刀架部分中延伸。一对弯曲导向器布置并铰接在可拆卸刀架部分中。可拆的驱动联接件将原动机与柔性轴机械地连接在一起,而可拆的连杆将杠杆和弯曲导向器机械地连接起来。因此,可拆卸刀架和柔性轴可以容易地分别与钻枪和可拆驱动联接件进行装卸。刀架部分的联接尺寸使其正好能够装配到钻枪部分上。每个可拆连杆都包括两个可分离的部分。当刀架部分从钻枪部分上卸下时,释放装置用于将可拆连杆的两部分释放。在每个可拆连杆的某一部分上,可拆连杆具有带有弹性力的保持件。释放装置最好包括位于钻枪部分上的释放件,释放件对带有弹性力的保持元件施加作用力便能使其释放,以便从钻枪部分上卸下刀架部分。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种在物体上钻削弯孔的方法。这种方法包括许多步骤,这些步骤一般与上述装置中各元件所提供的作用相一致。
通过参考下面的详细说明和附图,本发明的上述方面以及许多其它附带优点将会更加清楚,其中:
图1A,1B和1C是本发明第一优选实施例中一把钻枪的三个侧视图,在这三个侧视图中,钻枪外壳的一侧已经拆除,并且为了更好地表示出钻枪内部的元件,在后两个视图中剖去了钻枪的下面部分,这三个侧视图分别示出了该钻枪上的触发开关的三个不同位置,以便表示出对应于触发开关的转动,两个刀具导向推杆的不同运动;
图2A,2B和2C是与图1A,1B和1C相对应的钻枪的顶视图,为了更清楚地表示两个刀具导向推杆之间的关系,剖去了腔体和筒体的上面部分;
图3A是本发明第二实施例中一把钻枪的局部侧视图,为了更好地表示出该钻枪内部的元件,钻枪外壳的一侧已经拆除;
图3B是图3A中钻枪部分的正面断面图,图中表示了内齿轮传动的结构,内齿轮中布置有具有不同轴间距的驱动轴,使得利用钻枪来驱动安装在可拆卸刀架中的切割钻头,便能够加工出具有不同曲率半径的弯孔;
图4A是本发明第三实施例中一把钻枪的局部侧视图,为了更好地表示出该钻枪内部的凸轮推进元件,钻枪外壳的一侧已经拆除;
图4B是图4A中钻枪部分的简化的正面断面图,图中表示了通过推杆的运动来推动刀具导向器的凸轮推进机构;
图5是筒体和可拆卸刀架部分的轴侧视图,可拆卸刀架能够安装在筒体上,以便使可拆卸刀架中的相应元件与驱动轴和推杆相连,驱动轴和推杆分别用于提供旋转的驱动运动和控制切割钻头的推进运动;
图6A和6B是筒体端部的简化侧视图,为了更清楚地表示将筒体中的推杆和刀架中的推板连接为一体的可释放卡(仅示出了一个)的优选实施例,剖去了一部分筒体侧面,并拆除了刀架的端部;
图6C是机构可选实施例的平面视图,这种机构固定在筒体(以虚线表示)上,用于控制可释放卡;
图6D是图6C中机构的正视图,表示了机构是如何固定在筒体上的(筒体部分以虚线表示);
图7是一平面视图,表示了两个相向弯曲的刀具导向器中的一个导向器和一根端部装有切割钻头的柔性轴;
图8是可拆卸刀架的分解轴侧视图,表示了本发明中所描述的柔性驱动轴和其它元件;
图9A,9B和9C是可拆卸刀架的三个平面视图,为了表示出两个相对的切割钻头的不同推进位置,在这三个视图中剖去了上部壳体的端部部分,这三个视图分别表示了两个切割钻头的静止位置(图9A),一个切割钻头完全越过孔的中点时的位置(图9B),以及另一个切割钻头完全越过该中点时的位置(图9C)。
根据本发明,用于钻削弯孔的装置包括一个可拆卸刀架174(参见图5,8,以及图9A~9C),可拆卸刀架174与一个手持的驱动机构配合使用。在图1A,1B和1C所示的手持驱动机构的第一实施例中,描述了一把钻枪20,为了更清楚地表示出驱动机构中的各个元件,拆去了壳体22的左侧部分。驱动机构中的元件能够提供转动力,以便使切割钻头240(图8)转动,驱动机构中的元件也能控制切割钻头的推进运动,使得在安装了可拆卸刀架后可以在物体中加工弯孔。下面将详细描述可拆卸刀架以及为了加工出弯孔使两个切割钻头分别沿两条相交的弧线转动的机构,下面也描述了钻枪的各种实施例。
首先参考图1A,钻枪20包括壳体22,图中只示出了其右侧部分。壳体22形似一把手枪,它包括手柄24、筒体26以及腔体28,大部分转动传动机构以及切割钻头的推进机构均布置在腔体28中。可以明显看出,为了更清楚地表示机构中的元件,在图1A,1B和1C中已经拆去了壳体22的左侧部分。在手柄24的底部布置有进气口30,用于连接气动管路接头(未示出),通过与空气压缩机(也未示出)相连的柔性气动管路,压缩空气可以引入到钻枪20中。进气口30有一个接头32,接头32通过管路与气阀34的进气口相连,气阀34是常闭的,以便阻止气流流向气阀的出气口。气阀34的上部装有拱形的阀杆36,这样就便于使阀杆受压,以便打开气阀34。当阀杆36被压进气阀34的阀体时,压缩空气从进气口流入,穿过气阀,从出气口经过气动管路38进入气动马达的进气口40。为了更好地描述气动管路38的布置,在这图中剖去了接头32与气阀34进气口之间的管路。压缩空气为气动马达42提供了能量,使得气动马达42能够带动驱动轴48转动。应当理解,也可以使用电动机、液压马达或其它形式的原动机来带动驱动轴48转动。驱动轴48从气动马达42的上部向上延伸,并与圆锥齿轮46相连,以便驱动圆锥齿轮46。
安装架50a在手柄24中用于支撑气动马达42和气阀34。此外,在腔体28中,安装架50a用于支撑轴承52a,惰轮轴54的一端支撑在轴承52a中。惰轮轴54的另一端由安装架50b中的轴承52b所支撑,而安装架50b固定在壳体22上。
圆锥齿轮46与安装在惰轮轴54上的圆锥齿轮56相啮合,当气动马达42在压缩空气的作用下工作时,惰轮轴54将转动。相对马达进气口40处的气体来说,压力相对较低、体积相对较大的空气将通过位于手柄24底部的消音排气口44排出气动马达。虽然没有示出,但是可以将普通的气动消音器连接到消音排气口头44上,从而能够基本上消除从气动马达42中所排出的气流的噪声。
当惰轮轴54转动时,在轴承52a和52b之间的位置上,与惰轮轴54相联接的驱动齿轮58也将转动。驱动齿轮58分别与左从动齿轮60和右从动齿轮118(如图2A,2B和2C所示)相啮合。安装架50b也支撑着装有左从动齿轮60的左驱动轴62。左驱动轴62在筒体26中沿着筒体延伸,并且在筒体26的端部附近,左驱动联接件64与左驱动轴62相连。同样,右驱动轴120也由安装架50b所支撑,并且在右从动齿轮118的带动下转动。右驱动轴120在筒体26中沿着筒体延伸,并且在筒体26的端部附近,右驱动联接件122与右驱动轴120相连。在筒体长度的中点位置附近,左驱动轴62和右驱动轴120都受到轴承座124的支撑。
触发开关66通过铰销68铰接在壳体22上,使得当操作者向手柄24的方向按压触发开关时,触发开关将绕铰销68转动,因此,触发开关66上的向上延伸的杠杆部分70将作弧形运动。杠杆部分70和连杆72b保持接触,而连杆72b是与右推杆102相连的。此外,当触发开关66受到朝向手柄24方向的按压时,布置在触发开关后面的杠杆74将绕铰销76转动。杠杆74的下端部装有滚轮78,而滚轮78靠在凸轮块80上。凸轮块80固定在触发开关66的背面,并且凸轮块80具有两个能够与滚轮78相接触的表面,一个是“推进”表面82,另一个是“回缩”表面84,这两个表面的意义将很快便可以得到理解。杠杆74的上端部和连杆72a保持接触,而连杆72a是与左推杆100(在图1A~1C中只示出了一小部分)相连的。左推杆100也在筒体26中伸向筒体的端部,并且基本与右推杆102平行。轴承座124的上表面是敞开的,以便给越过轴承座124的左、右推杆提供必要的间隙和支撑。
当触发开关66被压向手柄24时,为了提供反抗杠杆74转动的弹性力,在杠杆74的前端面上绕有一个螺旋弹簧86,弹簧86在螺钉88和螺钉90之间延伸,并且由螺钉88和螺钉90将弹簧的两个端部固定在安装架50b上。反抗触发开关66受压和转动的弹性力由螺旋弹簧94所提供,螺旋弹簧94从气动阀操作滑块92的后部延伸到气动阀34的前表面。气动阀操作滑块92的形状为之字型,它从下部处的末端96一直延伸到另一末端98,并且末端98与阀杆36始终保持接触。当触发开关66开始受到朝向手柄24方向的按压时,触发开关的后表面便与末端96接触,气动阀操作滑块92则压缩螺旋弹簧94,并且末端98压迫阀杆36,使得压缩空气能够流过气阀34。
当触发开关66的运动开启气阀34并驱动气动马达时,基本与此同时,由凸轮块80上的推进表面82所确定的斜面也对滚轮78施加作用力,使得杠杆74将绕铰销76发生转动,并且使得连杆72b和与连杆72b相连的左推杆100从它们的正常静止位置被推进到更向前的位置,也就是说,使左推杆100移向筒体26的远端。当触发开关66受到朝向手柄24方向的按压时,杠杆74绕铰销76的转动所引起的左推杆100的移动速度要大于向上延伸的杠杆部分70绕铰销68的转动所引起的右推杆102的移动速度。因此,左推杆100比右推杆102推进得更快。
下面参考图1B和与之对应的图2B,图中清楚地表示了由于向上延伸的杠杆部分70和杠杆74的转动而产生的左、右推杆100和102之间的相对关系。如图1B所示,当触发开关66处于其转动中点的位置时,位于杠杆74下端的滚轮78则处在凸轮块80上的推进表面82的最边缘。相对初始位置来说,左推杆100将左卡件104基本推到了最大位移位置上(参见图2B),其中的左卡件104在筒体26远端处的开口114附近与左推杆100相连接。图2B中所示的左卡件104的位移与切割钻头240的摆动是对应的,切割钻头240布置在可拆卸刀架中的右侧,并且越过了加工在物体252中的弯孔254的中点,关于这些问题,在通过参考图9A~9C对连接于筒体26上的可拆卸刀架进行讨论时将会更加清楚。为了完成弯孔的加工,位于左侧的另一切割钻头也必须越过中点,这样才能加工出在中部没有任何圆周凸出部分的光滑弯孔,如果两个切割钻头同时推进到孔的中点,则必然会在孔的中部留下凸出部分。
为了避免连杆的干涉和为了避免两个切割钻头因彼此接触而损坏,左卡件104在右卡件116推进到最大位移位置之前必须从图2B所示的最大位移位置处缩回,如图2C所示。图2C与图1C所示的触发开关66的充分转动位置是对应的。在图1C中应当注意到,位于杠杆74下端部分的滚轮78已经从推进表面82落在了回缩表面84上,因此使得杠杆74能够沿其初始运动方向的反向运动,其中,杠杆74的初始运动是当触发开关66在开始受到朝向手柄24方向的按压时所引起的。如图2C所示,杠杆74反向运动的结果是,左卡件104运动到了右卡件116最大位移点的后面。由于左卡件104和右卡件116的推进速度不同,并且不能同时到达最大位移位置,因此可以避免安装在可拆卸刀架中的两个切割钻头之间的干涉。
图3A表示了钻枪20′的第二实施例。在本发明的钻枪20′中,任何在功能和形状上均与上述钻枪20中的元件相同的元件将使用相同的参考数字。而在钻枪20′中与钻枪20中的元件具有相同功能但具有不同形状或结构的元件将使用带一撇的在参考数字。例如,在钻枪20′中采用了与壳体22形状不同的壳体22′;容积略大于腔体28的腔体28′用于容纳圆锥内齿轮56′。
圆锥内齿轮56′安装并支撑在轴承52′中,使得它能够自由转动,而轴承52′又由安装架50a′所支撑。圆锥内齿轮56′与圆锥齿轮46相啮合,并驱动圆锥齿轮46。
如图3B所示,左从动齿轮60′安装在左驱动轴62′的端部(尽管在图3B中它是位于右侧),并且左从动齿轮60′能够在圆锥内齿轮56′的驱动下转动。同样,端部上装有右从动齿轮118′的右驱动轴120′也能够在圆锥内齿轮56′的驱动下转动。与第一实施例中的圆锥齿轮56相比,圆锥内齿轮的优点之一是:能够将转动力同时传到分开不同角度的左、右驱动轴上,并且因此能够用于安装所加工弯孔的曲率半径相差很大的可拆卸刀架。例如,如图中的虚线所示,左、右齿轮146和148的安装位置使得它们能够与圆锥内齿轮56′相啮合,同时,它们之间的间距要大于左、右齿轮60′和118′之间的间距。虽然在不改变左、右驱动轴轴间距的条件下,通过使用不同的刀架能够加工出曲率半径略有变化的弯孔(例如:±0.2in),但是要想使弯孔的曲率半径有较大的变化,必须使用具有较大的左、右驱动轴轴间距的宽体可拆卸刀架。在钻枪20′中,筒体26中的空间可以适应因左、右驱动轴62′和120′之间的间距改变而引起的微小的纵向位置改变。
参考图3A,从中可以看出,本实施例采用了不同的推进机构对左推杆100′和类似的右推杆(未示出)的推进运动进行控制。特别是,在此实施例中,触发开关66′是铰接在铰销68′上的。然而,与钻枪20上的触发开关66(如图1A~图1C中所示)不同,触发开关66′并不直接推动两个推杆中的任何一个推杆。而是通过布置左杠杆134和相应的右杠杆142,将触发开关66′的转动转换为左、右推杆的推进运动。由于右杠杆142的大部分被左杠杆134所遮挡,因此在图3A中只能看到右杠杆142的下部;然而,尽管右杠杆142在铰销138的以下部分比左杠杆134的短,右杠杆142仍基本上与左杠杆134相同。右杠杆142的下端装有一个滚轮144。同样,左杠杆134的下端也装有一个滚轮140,滚轮140与凸轮块80紧密接触,并位于滚轮144的前方。其结果是,在右杠杆142将右推杆推进到其最大位移位置之前,左杠杆134已将左推杆100′推进到最大位移位置。之后,滚轮140落在凸轮块80的回缩表面84上,使得左推杆100′将沿着初始移动方向的反向移动。然而,滚轮144继续在凸轮块80的推进表面上滚动,直到右推杆到达推进的最大位移位置。应当注意到,作为一种选择,可以在触发开关66′的背面对滚轮140和144提供两个独立的凸轮块,独立地对左、右杠杆的转动速度进行控制。
螺旋弹簧86′用于提供反抗左、右杠杆134和142的上部向前转动的弹性力。在触发开关66′的转动引起推杆100′初始推进的同时,气动阀操作滑块92将压迫阀杆36,使气阀34开启。因此,在钻枪20′中,按压触发开关66′的效果是:在压缩空气向气动马达42供气,并且气动马达42驱动切割钻头转动的同时,一个切割钻头先通过圆形弯孔的中点,然后另一个切割钻头通过上述中点。
为了进一步适应能够加工具有不同曲率半径的弯孔的可拆卸刀架,左、右推杆与两个分别可调的连杆130相连(在图3A中只有一个连杆130是可见的),可调连杆130可以沿左、右杠杆134和142的长度方向定位在不同位置上。与可调连杆130端部相接触的两个杠杆的表面上加工有一系列用于使可调连杆定位的凹槽136,使得左、右杠杆134和142的相同角位移能够使两个推杆产生不同的位移。例如,可调连杆130可以处在图中虚线所示的位置132上,对于一个给定的触发开关66′的转动,这一位置将会使左推杆具有更大的位移。与可调连杆130处于图3A所示的实线位置时的情况相比,在给定的杠杆角位移下,获得更大的推杆位移意味着需要装备能够加工更大曲率半径弯孔的可拆卸刀架。采用可调连杆130使得钻枪20′可以用于推进各种规格的可拆卸刀架中的切割钻头,从而可以加工出具有不同曲率半径的弯孔,因此,为了加工出具有不同曲率半径的弯孔,不必再为每一种可拆卸刀架各准备一种钻枪。
如图4A所示,第三实施例中的钻枪用参考数字20″表示。图4B表示的是从触发开关后部看到的钻枪20″的断面图。同样,在此实施例中,与图1A~1C所示的第一实施例中的元件相同的元件将使用同样的参考数字,而对于功能相同、形状不同的元件则在参考数字上加两撇来表示。例如,触发开关66″铰接在铰销68上,但触发开关66″上没有前两个实施例中所具有的凸轮块80。然而,当触发开关66受到朝向手柄24方向的按压时,触发开关66″的后表面将与气动阀操作滑块92′的末端96′相接触。气动阀操作滑块92′的运动同样将引起末端98对阀杆36的压迫,开启气阀34,使得压缩空气能够向气动马达42提供能量。同时,气动阀操作滑块92′将使小齿轮152转动,其中,小齿轮152是与加工在气动阀操作滑块92′上表面的齿条150相啮合的。
如图4B所示,小齿轮152安装在轴154上,轴154在壳体22的两个相对的侧壁之间延伸,并且在齿轮的带动下能够转动。左凸轮156布置在气动阀操作滑块92′的左侧,而右凸轮158布置在右侧。当操作人员按压触发开关66″时,所引起的小齿轮152的转动将使左、右凸轮156和158逆时针转动,如图4A所示。
左凸轮156最好具有与右凸轮158不同的形状,以便保证左推杆100能在右推杆102之前到达其最大位移位置,并且之后能沿反向运动。作为一种选择,左、右凸轮也可以具有相同的形状,但它们在轴154上应处于不同的转动位置。当左凸轮156转动时,左杠杆160与左凸轮156的转动表面紧密接触,以便使左凸轮半径上的相对改变能够转变成左杠杆160绕铰销138′的相应转动。
同理,当右凸轮158转动时,右杠杆162与右凸轮158的转动表面紧密接触,在推杆100已经从其最大位移位置开始反向运动之后,右杠杆162将会把连杆72b和与连杆72b相连的右推杆102推进到其最大位移位置处。螺旋弹簧164提供了一个弹性力,此弹性力反抗左、右杠杆160和162在推进连杆72a和72b时的转动。同样,当切割钻头在加工弯孔过程中作弧形运动时,左、右推杆的不同运动避免了可拆卸刀架中两个相对的切割钻头之间的干涉。
图5表示的是筒体26的局部和一个可拆卸刀架174,其中,可拆卸刀架174可装配到筒体上。可拆卸刀架具有一个壳体176,壳体176由顶部176a和底部176b所组成,螺纹紧固件148将顶部176a和底部176b联接起来,其中紧固件148是拧在底部176b上的螺纹孔150中的。作为一种选择,壳体176的顶部和底部也可以通过粘结的方法或超声焊接的方法联接起来。壳体176上具有近端178、加宽的台阶198以及远端180,其中,台阶198位于近端178附近,而在远端180的内部布置有两个相对的切割钻头。可拆卸刀架远端180的开口处具有凹形曲线,此凹形曲线可抵在将要被加工出弯孔的圆形物体上。近端178的尺寸和形状使其正好能被装入筒体26远端处的开口114中。
在筒体26远端处的开口114的内部,左驱动连接件64包括一个具有正内六角孔的连接口170,此连接口170用于和从可拆卸刀架的最末端延伸过来的左六角接头186相配。同样,右六角接头188将和右驱动连接件122相配,其中,右驱动连接件122固定在右驱动轴120的端部。左、右驱动连接件上的连接口170和左、右六角接头186和188上的圆形端部保证了六角接头能够容易地滑进连接口,并与驱动连接件相连接。左、右六角接头分别与加长的左、右驱动轴190和192相连接,其中,加长的左、右驱动轴190和192彼此基本平行地在可拆卸刀架中沿其长度方向延伸。在近端178处,绕在加长的左、右驱动轴上的螺旋弹簧194提供了一个弹性力,此弹性力使左、右六角接头能够保持在向后伸出的位置上,也就是说,能够使左、右六角接头从可拆卸刀架174的近端178向外伸出。当近端178滑动地装入筒体开口114时,加宽台阶198与筒体26的远端相接触。
在可拆卸刀架中,在左、右加长驱动轴190和192之间,分别布置有左、右推板182和184。左、右推板182和184用于与相应的左、右卡件104和116进行连接,其中,左、右卡件104和116分别固定在筒体26中的左推杆100和右推杆102的远端。特别的是,左、右推板182和184能够插入加工在左、右卡件上的槽172中,并能用保持元件106进行固定。加工在筒体26内侧的凹槽112也能够通过摩擦力与加工在可拆卸刀架174近端178侧面上的凸缘196进行配合。很明显,凹槽和凸缘的位置可以互换,将凹槽加工在可拆卸刀架174近端178的侧面上,而将凸缘加工在筒体26的内侧。当可拆卸刀架174的近端插入筒体26上的开口114时,由左、右驱动轴所传递的转动驱动力将通过左、右驱动连接件和六角接头传到加长的左、右驱动轴上。当两个推板与左、右卡件104和116分别联在一起时,用于推进切割钻头的力将通过左、右推杆100和102传到左、右推板182和184。随着左、右推板的运动,六角接头将在驱动连接件的内部纵向滑动。
图6A和6B表示了左、右卡件104和116的优选实施例的细部结构。此外,图中也表示了筒体26′的可选实施例,其中,筒体26′上具有一个按钮222,按钮222能够方便地将保持元件106′从加工在左推板182上的孔210中释放出来。在右推板184上也加工有相应的孔210,但在图6A和6B中无法看到。安装在筒体26′上的按钮222具有“门”字型的形状,并且在一对分别绕在两个按钮推杆上的螺旋弹簧224(只能看到其中的一个)的作用下,按钮222被推向外侧。按钮222的推杆下端具有扁平台阶,以保证它们能够保持在筒体26′中。
图6A示出了左卡件104(剖去了局部)的细部结构。左卡件104上有一个铆钉110,铆钉110纵向穿过卡件,将两个挠性件108分别固定在卡件的上下表面。铰销220在卡件的两个相对的侧面之间延伸,可转动地支撑着保持元件106′。挠性件108提供了一个弹性力,此弹性力将使保持元件106′保持在图6A所示的位置上,使得当可拆卸刀架装配到筒体26′的端部时,保持元件上的插脚212将插入孔210。为了能方便地拆卸刀架,操作人员可按图6B中所示的箭头方向按压按钮222。当根据上述方式按压了按钮222时,按钮222上的两个推杆中的下端将克服挠性件108的变形所产生的弹性力,推动保持元件的杠杆臂214,迫使其绕铰销220向下转动。保持元件的这种转动将会使插脚212从孔210中退出,从而可以容易地将可拆卸刀架从筒体26′中拔出。作为一种选择,相对筒体26来说,保持元件106上的插脚212可具有圆拱形的形状,而左、右推板端部上与之相配的孔可以加工成开口槽,以便可以方便地从左、右卡件104和116中拆下推板182和184,只要力量足以克服挠性件108的弹性力,就可以从筒体26中拔出可拆卸刀架。
图6C和6D表示了按钮222的可选形式,其中,由钢板冲压而成的挠性杆216具有两个向下伸出的悬舌218,两个悬舌218彼此间隔一定距离,当操作人员按压了挠性杆上的向上伸出部分时,两个悬舌218将对保持元件106′的两个杠杆臂214施加作用力。当根据上述方式按压了挠性杆216时,向下伸出的悬舌218将迫使保持元件106′转动,从而使插脚212从孔210中退出。然后便可以容易地从筒体26″(用虚线表示)中拔出可拆卸刀架。从图中可以看出,挠性杆216是通过螺纹紧固件217固定在筒体26″上的。挠性杆的弹性力使得挠性杆能够恢复到其位于筒体26″上方的正常位置上。与按钮222相比,挠性杆216的制造成本较低,设计比较简单,但就它们所能完成的任务而言,也就是说,对于在筒体中从左、右推杆上释放可拆卸刀架上的左、右推板而言,它们具有同样的功能。
图7表示了作为实例的转臂230和弯曲导向臂234的细部结构。两个相对的切割钻头240上均装有相同的转臂230和弯曲导向臂234,但是当将导向臂234安装在可拆卸刀架的远端时,其中一个切割钻头的导向臂应反向安装。转臂230包括铰销200,铰销200用于将转臂可转动地固定在可拆卸刀架174的远端。曲率半径R为一常数,它表示的是铰销200的中心和弯曲导向臂外表面(以铰销200为中心的弯曲导向臂的内侧圆周表面)之间的距离。然而,铰销200的中心和弯曲导向臂的内壁表面之间的半径不为常数,其中,弯曲导向臂的内壁表面用于对柔性驱动轴进行导向。正如下面将要描述的,弯曲导向臂的内壁厚度在曲线长度方向上是变化的,使得内壁表面和铰销200的中心之间的半径也是变化的。因为两个铰销200的中心彼此分开,并且因为两个铰销必须从可拆卸刀架远端处的曲线处回缩,所以切割钻头所加工出的弯孔254的曲率半径略微不同于(R+D/2),其中D是切割钻头的直径。
切割钻头240焊接到或紧固到柔性驱动轴238上,柔性驱动轴238能够将来自左加长驱动轴190或右加长驱动轴192的转动力传递到切割钻头上,因为加长驱动轴与柔性驱动轴的另一端是相连的。当一个弯曲导向臂234沿着与另一个弯曲导向臂共面的弧线从远端180处向外转动时,切割钻头将可以加工出一个直径为D的弯孔,其中,直径D大于弯曲导向臂234带有柔性驱动轴238时的直径。柔性驱动轴在其弯曲轨迹的内侧受到弯曲导向臂234的约束,而在其弯曲轨迹的外侧则受到所加工孔的约束。较大直径的切割钻头240能够为柔性驱动轴238和弯曲导向臂234提供较大的通过间隙,以便它们能够跟在切割钻头之后自由地在孔中通过。在切割钻头240绕着铰销200转动的过程中,切割钻头240受到弯曲导向臂234的支撑和导向,使得柔性轴也将沿运动弧线方向随弯曲导向臂运动。在另一弯曲导向臂的支撑和导向下,另一切割钻头也将沿着一个弧线运动,由于这两个弧线是共面的,因此这两个弧线将彼此相交。然而,在钻枪20,20′和20″中的机构的作用下,每个弯曲导向臂都在不同时刻越过孔的中点,使得两个相对的切割钻头之间不会发生接触。
正象在发明背景中所说的那样,在利用两个相对的钻头加工弯孔的现有技术中,所存在的问题之一是柔性驱动轴的断裂问题,特别是切割钻头与柔性驱动轴连接处的断裂问题。由于左驱动轴62,右驱动轴120以及左、右加长轴190和192是刚性的,因此它们比柔性驱动轴238具有高得多的断裂强度,柔性驱动轴是由多股钢丝组成的,并且直径一般非常小,例如小于0.05in。特别是,实验已经表明,柔性驱动轴238的柔性在切割钻头240与柔性驱动轴的连接处附近(切割钻头之后)有所减小,因而,避免柔性驱动轴238在该区域中的弯曲是很重要的。因此,尽管弯曲导向臂234在其长度方向上几乎都是弯曲的,但在切割钻头240附近的端部处例外,该处是由相对较短的直线部分236组成的。直线部分236的远端包绕着切割钻头240的钻柄,并且直线部分236的远端还作为切割钻头的止推轴承使用。为了提供这种直线部分,弯曲导向臂234的壁厚在内周边方向上要略微减薄,或在弯曲长度方向上形成锥形。正是这种锥形的壁厚才使得铰销200和弯曲导向臂的内壁表面之间的半径是变化的。例如,在直线部分236的轴承部分处,其半径为r1,在轴承部分之后,半径变为r2,而在直线部分的开始处,半径为r3,并且r1、r2和r3均不相等。这种直线部分236能够避免柔性驱动轴238与切割钻头连接处的弯曲,因为柔性驱动轴在该点最不适合承受应力,并且直线部分236将可弯曲点移到了直线部分的端部位置,此处的柔性驱动轴能够承受较大的弯曲应力,这样就降低了柔性驱动轴断裂的可能性。可以看出,作为一种选择,也可以使用一种等壁厚的弯曲导向臂(未示出),例如一种冲压件,只要在切割钻头附近这种弯曲导向臂能提供一个直线部分即可。
可拆卸刀架174的壳体176最好由低成本的注塑塑料制造。因为在手术过程中,在病人的骨头上打了一个或两个弯孔之后,不可能用比较经济的方法对可拆卸刀架174进行杀菌,因此,降低可拆卸刀架174的成本,并将可拆卸刀架174设计成只用于一个病人的一次性装置是十分重要的。为此,用廉价材料制造可拆卸刀架,并且使其可以容易地装进钻枪20,20′或20″,使得能够方便地更换可拆卸刀架是很重要的。这些准则对于工业应用来说也是很重要的。
图8和图9A~9C进一步表示了可拆卸刀架174的细部结构。例如在图8中,分解视图详细地表示了底部壳体176b的结构,左、右加长驱动轴190和192在底部壳体176b中将转动力从可拆卸刀架的近端传递到远端。左、右加长驱动轴的端部与柔性驱动轴238相连,而柔性驱动轴238能够将转动力传递到切割钻头240上。左推板182与推杆244相连,以便通过转臂230和弯曲导向臂的转动来传递用于推进切割钻头的力,弯曲导向臂上以铰销200为中心的弧形部分支撑着切割钻头。同样,右推板184与另一推杆244相连,此推杆244能够推动另一转臂230和另一弯曲导向臂,这一弯曲导向臂上的弧形部分支撑着另一个切割钻头,以便在物体中加工出弯孔的另一部分。对于每个推杆244来说,推杆上绕着位于转臂230处的铰销242转动的部分与推杆上绕着位于左或右推板182或184处的铰销246转动的部分之间是偏置的。当两个转臂绕铰销200向外转动,以便利用切割钻头加工弯孔时,推杆244的偏置将在转臂230之间提供间隙。
下面参考图9A,9B和9C,图中依次表示了在物体252上加工弯孔254时两个切割钻头240的相对位置。图9A表示了在操作人员向手柄方向按压触发开关之前,处于静止位置上的切割钻头。在图9B中,触发开关已经经过了其全部行程中的一部分行程,使得左推板182从其静止位置向前推进了一段距离。左推板的位移传递到与该推板和转臂230相连的推杆244上,使得切割钻头240在弯曲导向臂的作用下向外转动,以便切割出部分弯孔,这部分弯孔将越过在物体252中加工出的整个弯孔的中点(中点用虚线表示)。在加工弯孔时,待加工的物体与可拆卸刀架174的远端180保持接触。触发开关的进一步运动将使左推板182产生反向位移,使得右侧的切割钻头240将从弯孔的中点附近回缩,其中,该切割钻头240是由与左推板相连的转臂所支撑的,与此同时,右推板184继续向前推动另一个转臂230和左侧的弯曲导向臂。右推板184的进一步推进将使另一个切割钻头越过物体252中的整个弯孔的中点。当释放了触发开关时,如图9C所示,两个切割钻头240都将返回到其正常的静止位置上。因此,本发明能够在物体252中加工出弯孔254,而不会有切割钻头相互接触的危险,并且与切割钻头不越过中点的情况相比,所加工的弯孔更光滑。
尽管通过参考若干个优选实施例对本发明进行了说明,但本领域中的一般技术人员都知道,在本发明权利要求的范围内可以对本发明作进一步修改。因此,本发明的范围并不局限于上述优选实施例,而是由本发明的权利要求所确定。
Claims (27)
1.一种用于在物体上钻削弯孔的装置,包括:
(a)用于提供转动驱动力的原动机;
(b)一对柔性轴,每根柔性轴都有一个近端和一个远端,上述近端通过机械方式与原动机相连,以便使柔性轴在转动驱动力的作用下转动,而上述远端与一切割钻头相连;
(c)一个柔性轴在其中延伸的壳体,为了在一个物体上钻削出弯孔,上述壳体的远端要置于物体的附近;
(d)一对弯曲的导向器,上述弯曲导向器通过铰接的方式固定,以便使它们能够沿着彼此相交的共面弧线转动,每个弯曲导向器都支撑着两个柔性轴中的一个柔性轴的远端,随着上述两个弯曲导向器从壳体的远端处相向地向外转动,当两个切割钻头转动并在物体上钻削弯孔时,上述弯曲导向器确定了一条每个切割钻头都将遵循的运动轨迹,上述切割钻头由弯曲导向器支撑,并由柔性轴驱动旋转;以及
(e)一对杠杆,上述杠杆铰接在壳体上的铰销处,并且通过机械的方式与不同的弯曲导向器相连,使得当杠杆绕其铰销转动时,弯曲导向器将沿着共面弧线转动,当在物体上钻削弯孔时,上述杠杆按不同的时间顺序沿着运动轨迹的共同部分推进切割钻头,使得切割钻头不会彼此接触。
2.根据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于,两个杠杆中的一个杠杆包括一个触发开关和随触发开关运动的机构,当上述触发开关仅沿一个方向转动时,上述机构能够使另一杠杆先沿一个方向,然后再沿相反的方向进行转动,使得:
(a)在与另一个杠杆相连的弯曲导向器的带动下,两个切割钻头中的一个切割钻头将先越过弯孔轨迹的中点;
(b)然后,上述的切割钻头将从弯孔轨迹的中点处回缩;之后
(c)另一个切割钻头将越过中点,以便完成弯孔的加工,因此避免了两个切割钻头之间的干涉。
3.根据权利要求2的装置,其特征在于,它进一步包括操纵原动机的控制机构,当触发开关从其静止位置转动时,上述触发开关将启动控制机构,从而能够向切割钻头提供驱动力,以便在切割钻头推进时加工弯孔。
4.根据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于,它进一步包括一个触发开关以及一个连杆机构,上述连杆机构通过机械的方法将触发开关与两个杠杆连接起来,将触发开关与两个杠杆连接起来的上述连杆机构使得触发开关仅沿一个方向的运动将使两个杠杆中的一个杠杆先沿第一方向,然后再沿相反的第二方向转动,而使另一个杠杆只沿第一方向运动,因此,上述该杠杆将先推进两个切割钻头中的一个切割钻头,使其越过弯孔轨迹的中点,然后,当另一个切割钻头从轨迹的另一端越过中点时,前一个切割钻头回缩,从而完成弯孔的加工工作。
5.根据权利要求4的装置,其特征在于,上述连杆机构包括一对随着上述触发开关的运动而转动的凸轮,每个凸轮上都具有一个转动表面,两个杠杆中的每个杠杆都随动于两个凸轮中的不同凸轮的转动表面,每个凸轮的形状都决定了随转动表面而运动的杠杆的运动规律,使得上述杠杆的运动不同于另一杠杆的运动。
6.根据权利要求4的装置,其特征在于,上述连杆机构包括位于触发开关上的倾斜表面,每个杠杆都与上述倾斜表面相接触,并沿上述倾斜表面的不同部分运动,使得触发开关的运动将引起两个杠杆的不同运动。
7.根据权利要求4的装置,其特征在于,它进一步包括范围调整装置,通过上述范围调整装置,杠杆的转动将能使弯曲导向器和切割钻头在一定的范围内移动,以便利用具有不同曲率半径的弯曲导向器加工具有不同曲率半径的弯孔。
8.根据权利要求7的装置,其特征在于,上述调整装置包括一对连杆,每个连杆都在两个弯曲导向器中的一个弯曲导向器和两个杠杆中的一个杠杆之间延伸,并且在上述杠杆附近,上述连杆具有一个倾斜部分,倾斜的角度使得它能够在距杠杆的铰销一定距离处与上述杠杆接触,上述距离决定了所选的、具有一定曲率半径的弯曲导向器的运动范围。
9.根据权利要求1的装置,其特征在于,上述壳体包括一个钻枪部分和一个可拆卸刀架部分,其中,柔性轴在可拆卸刀架部分中延伸,上述的一对弯曲导向器布置并铰接在可拆卸刀架部分中;上述壳体还包括将原动机与柔性轴机械地连接在一起的可拆驱动联接件;以及将杠杆和弯曲导向器机械地连接起来的可拆连杆,使得可拆卸刀架和柔性轴可以容易地分别与钻枪和可拆驱动联接件进行安装和拆卸。
10.根据权利要求9的装置,其特征在于,刀架部分的联接尺寸使其正好能够装配到钻枪部分上,并且每个可拆连杆都包括两个可分离的部分;上述壳体还包括释放装置,当从钻枪部分上卸下刀架部分时,释放装置用于将可拆连杆的两部分放开。
11.根据权利要求10的装置,其特征在于,在每个可拆连杆的一部分上,可拆连杆上具有带有弹性力的保持元件,上述保持元件能够插入可拆连杆另一部分上的孔中;其特征还在于,释放装置包括位于钻枪部分上的释放件,释放件对带有弹性力的保持元件施加作用力便能使其释放,以便从钻枪部分上卸下刀架部分。
12.一种用于在一个物体上钻削弯孔的方法,包括下列步骤:
(a)沿两根彼此间隔开并基本平行的轴线提供转动驱动力;
(b)将转动驱动力连接到一对柔性轴上,使得每根柔性轴都能绕上述两根轴线中的一根轴线进行转动,每根柔性轴都有一个近端和一个远端,上述近端与转动驱动力相连,而上述远端与一切割钻头相连;
(c)将切割钻头布置在物体附近,并在弯曲导向器中支撑柔性轴的远端和切割钻头;
(d)沿着相交的共面弧线转动弯曲导向器,使得随着上述两个弯曲导向器的彼此相向转动,当切割钻头在物体中钻削弯孔时,上述两个弯曲导向器将确定一条每个切割钻头都将遵循的运动轨迹,上述切割钻头由弯曲导向器支撑,并由柔性轴驱动旋转;以及
(e)转动一对杠杆,以便按不同的时间顺序沿共面的弧线推进弯曲导向器,上述弯曲导向器沿着运动轨迹的共同部分(共面弧线的重叠部分)运动,从而能够在切割钻头彼此不发生干涉的条件下,在物体中加工出弯孔。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,两个杠杆中的一个杠杆包括一个触发开关,上述触发开关能够迫使另一个杠杆转动,并且其特征还在于,使两个杠杆转动的步骤包括:当触发开关仅沿一个方向转动时,另一个杠杆将先沿一个方向转动,然后再沿相反的方向转动,使得:
(a)在与另一个杠杆相连的弯曲导向器的带动下,两个切割钻头中的一个切割钻头将先越过弯孔轨迹的中点;然后
(b)上述的切割钻头将从弯孔轨迹的中点处回缩;之后
(c)为了完成弯孔的加工,另一个切割钻头将越过中点,在此过程中不会出现两个切割钻头之间发生干涉的现象。
14.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,它进一步包括从静止位置转动触发开关,以便引入驱动力的步骤,上述驱动力能够使柔性轴转动,因而,几乎在推进切割钻头的同时,转动驱动力将传到切割钻头上,以便加工弯孔。
15.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,它进一步包括下列步骤:
(a)将触发开关与杠杆连接起来,使得触发开关仅沿一个方向的运动将使两个杠杆中的一个杠杆先沿第一方向,然后再沿相反的第二方向转动,而使另一个杠杆只沿第一方向运动,并因而
(b)先推进两个切割钻头中的一个切割钻头,使其越过弯孔轨迹的中点,然后,当另一个切割钻头从轨迹的另一端越过中点时,使前一个切割钻头回缩,从而完成弯孔的加工工作。
16.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,它进一步包括调整范围的步骤,杠杆的转动能够使弯曲导向器和切割钻头在一定的范围内移动,以便利用具有不同曲率半径的弯曲导向器加工具有不同曲率半径的弯孔。
17.根据权利要求16的方法,其特征在于,调整步骤中包括提供一对连杆的步骤,每个连杆都在两个弯曲导向器中的一个弯曲导向器和两个杠杆中的一个杠杆之间延伸,在上述杠杆附近,上述连杆上加工有一个倾斜部分;并且倾斜的角度使得每个连杆能够在距杠杆的铰销一定距离处与上述杠杆接触,上述距离决定了所选的、具有一定曲率半径的弯曲导向器的运动范围。
18.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,上述两个弯曲导向器铰接在可拆卸刀架上,并且上述方法进一步包括下列步骤:通过机械的方法将驱动力可断开地连接到柔性轴上;以及将杠杆与弯曲导向器可拆地连接起来,以便能够容易地更换可拆卸刀架和柔性轴。
19.根据权利要求18的方法,其特征在于,可拆卸刀架的尺寸使其能够装入钻枪,并且上述方法进一步包括将可拆连杆的两部分可释放地连接起来的步骤,当刀架装入钻枪时,上述可拆连杆将把驱动力和柔性轴连接起来。
20.根据权利要求19的方法,其特征在于,它进一步包括提供手动释放装置的步骤,上述手动释放装置能够从钻枪中释放刀架。
21.一种用于在物体上钻削弯孔的装置,包括:
(a)具有一个远端和一个近端的壳体,上述远端用于放置在待钻孔的物体附近,上述近端用于与驱动壳体相连
(b)彼此相对的第一和第二切割钻头,每个切割钻头分别与相应的第一和第二柔性轴相连,上述第一和第二切割钻头布置在上述壳体的远端附近,并在第一和第二柔性轴的驱动下转动,上述第一和第二柔性轴在上述壳体中延伸,并且在上述壳体的近端附近,上述第一和第二柔性轴以可拆的驱动联接件作为其端部,来自外部的转动力将使上述驱动联接件转动,而通过第一和第二柔性轴的作用,上述驱动联接件的转动又将使第一和第二切割钻头转动;
(c)第一和第二弯曲导向器支撑着相应的第一和第二柔性轴以及第一和第二切割钻头,上述第一和第二弯曲导向器铰接在上述壳体的远端附近,并且它们能够沿着相对和相交的共面弧线轨迹绕铰销转动,上述运动轨迹确定了物体中的弯孔;
(d)第一和第二连杆分别具有一个近端和一个远端,上述第一和第二连杆的远端通过机械的方法与相应的第一和第二弯曲导向器连接,而上述第一和第二连杆的近端与可拆接头相连,使得作用在第一和第二连杆上的外力能够通过第一和第二连杆传递到第一和第二弯曲导向器以及第一和第二切割钻头上,使它们从上述壳体的远端出向外转动,以便加工弯孔。
22.根据权利要求21的装置,其特征在于,上述壳体包括一个用于与驱动钻枪相连的刀架,上述钻枪提供了使第一和第二柔性轴转动的外部转动驱动力和使第一和第二弯曲导向器转动的外部作用力。
23.根据权利要求22的装置,其特征在于,刀架上包括用于与驱动钻枪进行可拆卸连接的机构,使得刀架能够容易地与驱动钻枪进行装拆。
24.根据权利要求21的装置,其特征在于,每个第一和第二弯曲导向器分别包括一个位于第一和第二切割钻头附近的基本为直线的部分,上述直线部分使得第一和第二柔性轴上位于第一和第二柔性轴与第一和第二切割钻头连接处的弯曲达到最小,减小了应力,并因此减小了第一和第二柔性轴断裂的可能性。
25.根据权利要求24的装置,其特征在于,为了获得上述直线部分,第一和第二弯曲导向器的内壁厚度是逐渐减薄的。
26.根据权利要求21的装置,其特征在于,第一和第二连杆是可滑动地与传递外力的卡件进行连接的。
27.根据权利要求21的装置,其特征在于,第一和第二柔性轴上的可拆驱动联接件是可滑动地与相应的连接接头进行连接的,上述连接接头通过转动来传递来自外部的转动力。
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- 1994-05-05 CA CA002160708A patent/CA2160708C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-05 WO PCT/US1994/004987 patent/WO1994026177A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-05-05 AU AU68259/94A patent/AU686630B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-05-05 BR BR9406370A patent/BR9406370A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101116626B (zh) * | 2006-08-02 | 2011-10-26 | 伊西康内外科公司 | 可变地控制击发致动速率的气动外科切割和紧固器械 |
CN102946814A (zh) * | 2010-04-30 | 2013-02-27 | 史密夫和内修有限公司 | 用于钻削不规则形状主体的钻头引导器 |
CN102946814B (zh) * | 2010-04-30 | 2015-11-25 | 史密夫和内修有限公司 | 用于钻削不规则形状主体的钻头引导器 |
WO2013020399A1 (zh) | 2011-08-10 | 2013-02-14 | 天津大学 | 用于草酸酯加氢制乙醇的催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN103142288A (zh) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-06-12 | 邵卫星 | 一种椎体用骨钻 |
CN108113731A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-05 | 丁春林 | 一种骨科用骨钉埋头钻 |
CN108113731B (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-07-31 | 鹤壁市人民医院 | 一种骨科用骨钉埋头钻 |
CN114700808A (zh) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-05 | 常熟市大柱锚链附件有限公司 | 锚链转环环体加工工艺 |
CN114700808B (zh) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-27 | 常熟市大柱锚链附件有限公司 | 锚链转环环体加工工艺 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1994026177A1 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
BR9406370A (pt) | 1996-02-13 |
EP0700273B1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
AU6825994A (en) | 1994-12-12 |
US5509918A (en) | 1996-04-23 |
EP0700273A1 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
ATE234045T1 (de) | 2003-03-15 |
DE69432253T2 (de) | 2003-12-11 |
CA2160708A1 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
JPH08509918A (ja) | 1996-10-22 |
DE69432253D1 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
ES2193160T3 (es) | 2003-11-01 |
EP0700273A4 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
KR100315382B1 (ko) | 2002-07-31 |
US5700265A (en) | 1997-12-23 |
CA2160708C (en) | 2004-06-01 |
AU686630B2 (en) | 1998-02-12 |
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