CN112244268A - 一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂及其制备方法，采用黄原胶、麦芽糊精、芦荟提取物冻干粉、琼脂、食用明胶、pH值调节剂、壳寡糖、瓜尔胶以及氯化钾为原料，都采用天然增稠剂，而且成分将动物性增稠剂、植物性增稠剂、微生物增稠剂及酶处理增稠剂四大类全覆盖，经过混合、均质、喷雾干燥制成，提高了溶解性，改善了口感和服用效果，在液体食物中加入该增稠剂，再充分搅拌，可以使食物更加浓稠、顺滑，避免水分呛入肺部。对于婴幼儿、老人、病人等吞咽功能障碍的人群具有很大的帮助，而且，可以消除食道水肿，降低炎症风险，修复食道细胞。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及增稠剂技术领域，特别是涉及一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
吞咽是人类复杂的行为之一。咀嚼与吞咽过程至少需要6对颅神经、第1～3颈神经节段和口、咽及食道的26块肌肉参与。吞咽过程可分为5阶段：认知期、准备期、口腔期、咽期和食管期。
吞咽功能障碍是一种临床症状，表现为食物从口腔输送到胃的过程发生障碍。口、咽、食管疾患，脑神经、延髓病变、假性延髓麻痹、锥体外系疾病、肌病等均可引起吞咽功能障碍。常见的表现有：频繁的清嗓动作，进食时发生哽咽，有食物粘附于喉咙的感觉。窒息，饮水咳嗽。吞咽时或吞咽后咳嗽，流涎，低头明显。吞咽时有疼痛的感觉，肺部感染，反复发送。
增稠剂，又称胶凝剂，是一种能增加胶乳、液体黏度的物质，用于食品时又称糊料。增稠剂可以提高物系黏度，使物系保持均匀的稳定的悬浮状态或乳浊状态，或形成凝胶；大多数增稠剂兼具乳化作用。可分为天然和合成两大类。天然品大多数从含多糖类黏性物质的植物和海藻类制取，如淀粉、阿拉伯胶、果胶、琼脂、明胶、海藻胶、角叉胶、糊精等，合成品有羧甲基纤维素、丙二醇藻蛋白酸酯、甲基纤维素、淀粉磷酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、藻蛋白酸钠、酪蛋白、聚丙烯酸钠、聚氧乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。
天然增稠剂还可进一步分为动物性增稠剂(明胶、酪蛋白酸钠等)、植物性增稠剂(瓜儿豆胶、阿拉伯胶、果胶、琼脂、卡拉胶等)、微生物增稠剂(黄原胶、结冷胶等)及酶处理增稠剂(酶水解瓜儿豆胶、酶处理淀粉等)四大类。
对于有吞咽功能障碍的人群，常规的处理方法，是在食物中，添加增稠剂。但是，吞咽功能障碍的患者，由于经常剧烈咳嗽，整个食道，不可避免地有水肿的情况发生，而且容易有炎症，现有的增稠剂，不能解决水肿和炎症的问题。另外，现有的增稠剂，总有少量的小小粉末不能完全溶解，影响口感。
因此，亟需一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂及其制备方法，能够解决现有增稠剂在解决吞咽功能障碍问题时效果差的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂及其制备方法，以解决上述现有增稠剂在解决吞咽功能障碍问题时效果差的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：
本发明提供一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂，所述增稠剂包括以下质量组分：黄原胶1％-25％、麦芽糊精40％-70％、芦荟提取物冻干粉2％-20％、琼脂1％-10％、食用明胶1％-10％、pH值调节剂1％-5％、壳寡糖0.5％-2％、瓜尔胶0.5％-2％以及氯化钾0.5％-2％。
优选地，所述增稠剂包括以下质量组分：黄原胶20％、麦芽糊精55％、芦荟提取物冻干粉10％、琼脂5％、食用明胶4％、pH值调节剂3％、壳寡糖1％、瓜尔胶1％以及氯化钾1％。
优选地，所述pH值调节剂采用柠檬酸钠。
本发明还提供了一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)备料：按比例准备黄原胶、麦芽糊精、芦荟提取物冻干粉、琼脂、食用明胶、pH值调节剂、壳寡糖、瓜尔胶以及氯化钾备用；
(2)混合：将上述原料加入至混合机中，并按固液比1:2的比例加入蒸馏水混合搅拌，得到混合物；
(3)均质：将混合物转移至均质机中进行均质，得到均质溶液；
(4)干燥：将均质溶液与喷雾干燥机中喷雾干燥，得到用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂。
优选地，步骤(2)中，混合搅拌时间为20min。
优选地，步骤(3)中，均质的压力为40MPa，均质的流量为30L/h。
优选地，步骤(4)中，喷雾干燥的流量为5kg/h。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下有益技术效果：
本发明提供的一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂，采用黄原胶、麦芽糊精、芦荟提取物冻干粉、琼脂、食用明胶、pH值调节剂、壳寡糖、瓜尔胶以及氯化钾为原料，都采用天然增稠剂，而且成分将动物性增稠剂、植物性增稠剂、微生物增稠剂及酶处理增稠剂四大类全覆盖，经过混合、均质、喷雾干燥制成，提高了溶解性，改善了口感和服用效果。
其中，壳寡糖成分，有抑制细菌生长和杀灭细菌的功效。进入食道之后，不会减轻食道的炎症。在酸性条件下，壳寡糖分子中的游离氨基质子化，质子化按能与细菌带正电的细胞膜作用，干扰细菌细胞膜功能，造成细菌体内细胞质流失，对真菌和微生物的生长有抑制作用。其抗菌活性与菌种和浓度有关，且随浓度加大其抗菌活性增强，高浓度时有杀菌作用。
芦荟冻干粉，含有一种独特的蛋白质，而这种物质正是防止细胞老化和治疗慢性过敏的重要成分。芦荟胶有激活细胞活力，延缓皮肤衰老，收敛，调和皮肤。冻干粉中的氨基酸和复合多糖物质构成了天然保湿因素(NMF)，它可以补充食道中损失的水分，恢复胶原蛋白的功能，防止食道内皮的皱纹，保持食道柔润、光滑、富有弹性，容易下咽。
芦荟可消炎杀菌，抑制炎症，引流分泌物，促进局部新陈代谢，滋润食道，防止角化，并能收敛食道上的伤口，促进细胞再生，减少或避免疤痕；从中医讲，芦荟有清热解毒的功效，具有促进细胞新陈代谢和细胞再生，减轻疼痛和瘙痒。芦荟中的多糖及粘浆作为咬合封层形成坚固的覆盖层，能阻止食道表层水分的蒸发，有利于吞咽。
在液体食物中加入该增稠剂，再充分搅拌，可以使食物更加浓稠、顺滑，避免水分呛入肺部。对于婴幼儿、老人、病人等吞咽功能障碍的人群具有很大的帮助，而且，可以消除食道水肿，降低炎症风险，修复食道细胞。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂及其制备方法，以解决现有增稠剂在解决吞咽功能障碍问题时效果差的问题。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本发明提供一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂，增稠剂包括以下质量组分：黄原胶1％-25％、麦芽糊精40％-70％、芦荟提取物冻干粉2％-20％、琼脂1％-10％、食用明胶1％-10％、pH值调节剂1％-5％、壳寡糖0.5％-2％、瓜尔胶0.5％-2％以及氯化钾0.5％-2％。
实施例1：
作为上述增稠剂的最佳实施方案，增稠剂包括以下质量组分：黄原胶20％、麦芽糊精55％、芦荟提取物冻干粉10％、琼脂5％、食用明胶4％、pH值调节剂3％、壳寡糖1％、瓜尔胶1％以及氯化钾1％。
具体地，pH值调节剂采用柠檬酸钠。
其中，芦荟提取物冻干粉是云南万绿生物股份有限公司提供的库拉索芦荟凝胶冻干粉；麦芽糊精由山东西王糖业公司提供；黄原胶由淄博中轩生化有限公司提供；琼脂由福建南平武夷飞燕琼脂有限公司提供粉末琼脂；明胶由罗赛洛浙江明胶有限公司提供粉末明胶；柠檬酸钠由江苏润普食品科技股份有限公司提供；壳寡糖由青岛博智汇力生物科技有限公司提供；瓜儿胶选用重庆东寰科技开发有限公司的产品；氯化钾选用青海盐湖工业股份有限公司的产品；所有的原料，均符合相应的国家标准。
本实施例还提供了上述用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂的制备方法，制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)备料：按比例准备黄原胶、麦芽糊精、芦荟提取物冻干粉、琼脂、食用明胶、pH值调节剂、壳寡糖、瓜尔胶以及氯化钾备用；
(2)混合：将上述原料加入至常州市齐宝干燥设备有限公司生产的CH150卧式槽型混合机中，并按固液比1:2的比例加入蒸馏水混合搅拌，得到混合物；
(3)均质：将混合物转移至常州市超力均质泵厂生产的GJB30L/h-40Mpa均质机中进行均质，得到均质溶液；
(4)干燥：将均质溶液于上海乔枫实业有限公司生产的QFN-LE-5型制药专用离心二流体喷雾干燥机组中喷雾干燥，得到用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂。
具体地，步骤(2)中，混合搅拌时间为20min。
进一步地，步骤(3)中，均质的压力为40MPa，均质的流量为30L/h。
进一步地，步骤(4)中，喷雾干燥的流量为5kg/h。
发明人针对上述用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂进行了临床实验，实验病例的情况及使用效果如下：
病例一:杜某，男，70岁，因“突发意识障碍3天入院，入院后诊断“急性脑梗塞”，给予改善微循环，降压等综合治疗，行洼田饮水试验筛查4级。渗透/误吸量表评分7分，吞咽严重评估表2级。给予康复治疗两周后，病情好转，神志清楚，加用“增稠剂”调配的食物一周，患者评价分数：食物口感好5分，口感爽滑5分，梨状窝残留物少5分(备注：最高5分，最低1分)；吞咽造影检查，使用增稠剂调制糊状稠度：口腔运送时间(OTT)5.671秒，吞咽反应时间(SRT)0.781秒，舌骨运动时间(HMT)3.174秒，食道上括约肌开放时间(UOT)2.561秒，喉关闭时间(LCT)0.5秒，渗漏误吸分数4分(采用8分制)。提示口腔运送时间和咽期吞咽启动时间明显缩短，未发现明显渗漏和误吸现象。
病例二:普某，女，45岁，因“突发意识障碍7小时”入院，诊断“急性左侧丘脑出血”，行洼田饮水试验5级，DOSS评估表1级。经积救救治，病情好转，神志转清，病程第8天开始使用“增稠剂”调配的食物二周，患者评价分数：食物口感好5分，口感爽滑5分，梨状窝残留物少3分(备注：最高5分，最低1分)。吞咽造影检查，使用增稠剂调制糊状稠度：口腔运送时间(OTT)5.106秒，吞咽反应时间(SRT)0.814秒，舌骨运动时间(HMT)4.113秒，食道上括约肌开放时间(UOT)3.14秒，喉关闭时间(LCT)0.5秒，渗漏误吸分数6分(采用8分制)。
病例三：韩某，男，61岁，鼻咽癌放疗术后半年，吞咽障碍两月入院。行洼田饮水试验5级，DOSS评估表1级。入院后第2天开始使用“增稠剂”调配的食物二周，患者评价分数：食物口感好5分，口感爽滑5分，梨状窝残留物少3分(备注：最高5分，最低1分)。吞咽造影检查，使用增稠剂调制糊状稠度：口腔运送时间(OTT)5.106秒，吞咽反应时间(SRT)0.874秒，舌骨运动时间(HMT)4.213秒，食道上括约肌开放时间(UOT)3.04秒，喉关闭时间(LCT)0.51秒，渗漏误吸分数2分(采用8分制)。
病例四:李某，男，56岁，因“突发意识障碍”4天入院，入院后诊断“急性脑梗塞”，给予降压，抗凝等综合治疗，行洼田饮水试验筛查4级。渗透/误吸量表评分6分，吞咽严重评估表1级。给予康复治疗一周后，病情好转，神志清楚，加用“增稠剂”调配的食物一周，患者评价分数：食物口感好5分，口感爽滑5分，梨状窝残留物少5分(备注：最高5分，最低1分)；吞咽造影检查，使用增稠剂调制糊状稠度：口腔运送时间(OTT)5.234秒，吞咽反应时间(SRT)0.672秒，舌骨运动时间(HMT)3.002秒，食道上括约肌开放时间(UOT)2.355秒，喉关闭时间(LCT)0.45秒，渗漏误吸分数3分(采用8分制)。提示口腔运送时间和咽期吞咽启动时间明显缩短，未发现明显渗漏和误吸现象。
本发明应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂，其特征在于：所述增稠剂包括以下质量组分：黄原胶1％-25％、麦芽糊精40％-70％、芦荟提取物冻干粉2％-20％、琼脂1％-10％、食用明胶1％-10％、pH值调节剂1％-5％、壳寡糖0.5％-2％、瓜尔胶0.5％-2％以及氯化钾0.5％-2％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂，其特征在于：所述增稠剂包括以下质量组分：黄原胶20％、麦芽糊精55％、芦荟提取物冻干粉10％、琼脂5％、食用明胶4％、pH值调节剂3％、壳寡糖1％、瓜尔胶1％以及氯化钾1％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂，其特征在于：所述pH值调节剂采用柠檬酸钠。
4.一种用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)备料：按比例准备黄原胶、麦芽糊精、芦荟提取物冻干粉、琼脂、食用明胶、pH值调节剂、壳寡糖、瓜尔胶以及氯化钾备用；
(2)混合：将上述原料加入至混合机中，并按固液比1:2的比例加入蒸馏水混合搅拌，得到混合物；
(3)均质：将混合物转移至均质机中进行均质，得到均质溶液；
(4)干燥：将均质溶液与喷雾干燥机中喷雾干燥，得到用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，混合搅拌时间为20min。
6.根据权利要求4所述的用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中，均质的压力为40MPa，均质的流量为30L/h。
7.根据权利要求4所述的用于解决吞咽困难问题的增稠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中，喷雾干燥的流量为5kg/h。
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| CN113303370A (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-08-27 | 山东省食品发酵工业研究设计院 | 改善吞咽困难的非全营养流食及其制备方法 |
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