CN112205253A - Yield increasing method for ratoon rice with large seedling throwing and filling up defects - Google Patents
Yield increasing method for ratoon rice with large seedling throwing and filling up defects Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for increasing yield of ratoon rice by transplanting and filling up large seedlings, which comprises the steps of regeneration induction of dormant buds of first season rice, cultivation of large seedlings with long seedling transplanting age, indentation treatment of agricultural machinery, transplanting and filling up seedlings and regulation of growth vigor in seedling stage. According to the corresponding relation between the seedling growth process and the effective accumulated temperature, the invention fully considers the difference of the root system support capability of the regenerated seedling and the seeding seedling to cause the difference of the growth speed of the leaves, scientifically determines the seeding time of the replanting seedling to be 40-45 days before the first harvest, and can realize the synchronization of the field growth process. Under the condition of irrigation depth of 5cm, the weeds in the ground indentations of the agricultural machine are cut off, and meanwhile, the machine is used for loosening and leveling the surface soil to form a mud layer with the depth of about 5cm, so that the seedlings are thrown and erected and survive conveniently. The 1500-plus 2000 plants for seedling supplement per mu realize the synchronous maturity of balanced growth, the effective spike per mu is increased by 1-1.5 ten thousand, and the yield is increased by 10-15%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice production, in particular to a yield increasing method of regenerated rice by transplanting and supplementing large seedlings, which is a cultivation technology for increasing the yield in the regeneration season by supplementing the vacant regenerated seedlings caused by agricultural operations during first harvest by transplanting and supplementing the large seedlings with the seedling age of 40-45 days.
Background
The regenerated rice is formed by utilizing the rice seedlings and the regeneration of the plant leaf buds after the rice is ripe and harvested, is a new rice cultivation mode for two-harvest of the rice, and is a method for increasing the unit area, increasing the yield and increasing the efficiency. The ratoon rice is suitable for planting the area with insufficient rice in two seasons and surplus rice in one season by light and temperature resources. Currently, ratoon rice production is developed for increasing yield in single-season rice regions. First season rice is mainly harvested manually in early ratoon rice production, but in recent years, labor force transfer and labor cost are high in rural areas, and first season rice and ratoon rice are mostly harvested mechanically. The operation of agricultural machinery in the mechanical harvesting of first season rice easily causes two types of damages to rice stakes, firstly, wheels of a harvester are rolled to cause the damaged leaf buds of the rice stakes to grow slowly and rarely, and the area of the damaged leaf buds accounts for about one third of the total area (two rows in every six rows are pressed); secondly, the rice piles at the turning positions of the agricultural machinery are repeatedly rolled to cause the rice piles to be incapable of regenerating, so that seedling shortage is caused, and the partial area accounts for about 3-5% of the total area; the addition of the two parts has a significant effect on the yield per unit of the two-season ratoon rice. In order to recover the loss and improve the yield of the regeneration season, the seedling throwing and supplementing technology of the regeneration rice for two seasons is specially innovated to realize the yield increase and income increase.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that large rice seedlings of the same variety are cultivated by using a long seedling age container seedling cultivation mode, seedling throwing and gap filling are carried out after corresponding treatment is carried out on rolling marks of an agricultural machine, growth of field plants is balanced through proper field cultivation management, and yield increase in a regeneration season is realized.
A method for increasing the yield of ratoon rice by transplanting and supplementing big seedlings comprises the following steps:
1. regeneration and induction of dormant buds of first season rice:
applying 10-12kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu of first season rice, and applying base fertilizer: the top dressing is 7:3, one base and one top dressing. Transplanting rice seedlings in shallow water, alternately promoting tillering in dry and wet manners, tillering to full seedlings (in the middle and last days of 5 months), placing the field after seedling control and root promotion, rehydrating in the young ear differentiation period in the first 6 months, keeping a water layer in the field in the heading period to facilitate the booting and heading, and ensuring the water demand for plant growth in the dry and wet alternate irrigation manner from the last 7 months to the harvest of first season rice. 10-15 days before the first season rice is cut, applying the regenerated rice bud promoting fertilizer and filling water once, and using 10kg of urea per mu. The application is carried out without dew on the rice plant to prevent the damage of the leaves, and the best application effect is selected after 5 pm and in the cool weather.
After fertilization, a 3-4cm water layer is preferably kept in the field, so that cracking and root damage caused by high-temperature drought are prevented, and the rice plants cannot normally absorb water and nutrients to cause axillary buds to be in a dormant state all the time or die and cannot germinate.
Harvesting the first crop when the grains in the whole field are yellow and ripe more than 90%, and the second and third buds are inverted more than 70% and extend to 3-5 cm. The height of the cut pile of the first season rice is 35-40cm, and the damage to the regeneration bud of the base part can be prevented during harvesting. Harvesting in the afternoon of cloudy or sunny days is also beneficial to bud protection.
2. And (3) seedling throwing and long-seedling-age large seedling cultivation:
(1) seed selection: selecting high-quality commercial seeds of the same variety, rinsing the seeds in clear water, taking out the floating seeds and leaving the full seeds;
(2) selecting a sowing period: according to the characteristics of the first season rice and the regenerated bud growth and leaf age of the variety, the first season rice is sown 40 to 45 days before being harvested through test comparison;
(3) sowing: soaking seeds for 48 hours, accelerating germination for 24-36 hours, breaking the breast and sowing; sweeping and pressing the surfaces of the holes by using a hard broom to form concave surfaces of the substrates, sowing 2 seeds in each hole, covering the substrates to be flush with the disk surface, and sweeping the disk surface by using a soft broom to keep no substrate residues among the holes and prevent root systems among the holes from being connected in series to cause the sticking of seedling holes;
(4) seedling raising: covering the bird-proof net after seeding, taking off the bird-proof net after seedling emergence, and watering to establish a water layer; spraying paclobutrazol 500 times liquid to control the height of the seedling in the period of one leaf and one heart and the period of three leaves, wherein each square meter of the seedling plate is 100ml of the liquid. (ii) a According to the growth height of the seedling, the height of the seedling is controlled by adopting a method of moving a seedling tray to cut off roots.
The container in S2 is made of polystyrene materialMaking into plug disk with specification of 545 × 280 × 38mm, 7 × 15 plugs, and plug density of 693 plugs/m2The volume of each hole is 23cc, and the hole diameter at the bottom of the hole is 10 mm.
The seedling raising matrix in the S2 comprises 50% of a commercially available rice seedling raising matrix and 50% of dry and crushed planting soil, and 6g of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer is uniformly mixed in each seedling tray matrix.
3. Agricultural machine indentation treatment:
irrigating water immediately after harvesting in the first season, wherein the depth is 5cm, cutting off weeds in ground indentations of the agricultural machine by a rice field mower the next day, loosening and leveling the surface soil by using the machine to form a mud layer with the depth of about 5cm, so as to facilitate seedling throwing, standing and survival.
4. Seedling throwing and supplementing:
keeping 3-5cm water layer, throwing the seedlings onto soil surface, and increasing density to ensure effective spike number of post-supplement population.
5. And (3) regulating the growth potential at the seedling stage: 5kg of urea is used 1 day after harvest, and 20kg of special compound fertilizer 15-15-15 is used 7 days after harvest. Keeping a 2-3cm shallow water layer 1-7 days after cutting to promote regeneration bud generation and seedling throwing seedling landing and rooting, then alternately wetting and drying, and managing the booting and heading shallow water layer in the middle and last ten months of 9 months. And taking care not to break water too early to affect grain grouting.
The invention provides a method for increasing the yield of ratoon rice by throwing and filling up big seedlings, which has the following technical effects:
(1) seedling growing period matching technology: according to the corresponding relation between the growth process of different varieties of seedlings and the effective accumulated temperature and by fully considering the difference of the basic root system support capacity of the regenerated seedlings and the sown seedlings, the difference of the growth speed of the leaves is caused, the sowing time of the replanting seedlings is scientifically determined to be 40-45 days before the first harvest, and the synchronization of the growth process in the field can be realized.
(2) The container seedling raising mode of the seedling throwing big seedlings is innovated: the specification and the matrix formula of the seedling raising tray suitable for 40-45 days of seedling age large seedling culture are determined through test comparison, particularly the seedling hole capacity is determined through a large number of test comparison, the matrix formula favorable for seedling establishment and the nutrient supply suitable for large seedling age seedling growth are facilitated, and strong seedling culture and seedling height control technologies are provided.
(3) The innovation of the large seedling throwing technology is as follows: a rice field mower is innovatively utilized, weeds in ground indentations of the mower are cut off under the condition that the irrigation depth is 5cm, and meanwhile, the mower is utilized to operate and loosen and level surface soil to form a mud layer with the depth of about 5cm, so that seedlings are thrown, erected and survived.
(4) The yield increasing effect is remarkable: the 1500-plus 2000 plants for seedling supplement per mu realize the synchronous maturity of balanced growth, the effective spike per mu is increased by 1-1.5 ten thousand, and the yield is increased by 10-15%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the impression of the agricultural machinery in the embodiment;
FIG. 2 shows the wheel pressure of the agricultural machine according to the embodiment;
FIG. 3 shows the case after the completion of the seedling replacement in the example.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.
A method for increasing the yield of ratoon rice by transplanting and supplementing big seedlings comprises the following steps:
1. regeneration and induction of dormant buds of first season rice:
the first season rice is fertilized with 10-12kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 7:3 one-base one-topdressing. Transplanting rice seedlings in shallow water, alternately promoting tillering in dry and wet manners, tillering to full seedlings (in the middle and last days of 5 months), placing the field after seedling control and root promotion, rehydrating in the young ear differentiation period in the first 6 months, keeping a water layer in the field in the heading period to facilitate the booting and heading, and ensuring the water demand for plant growth in the dry and wet alternate irrigation manner from the last 7 months to the harvest of first season rice. 10kg of urea is used 10-15 days before the first cropping rice is cut, and primary water is filled by applying the regenerated rice bud promoting fertilizer. The application is carried out without dew on the rice plant to prevent the damage of the leaves, and the best application effect is selected after 5 pm and in the cool weather.
After fertilization, a water layer of about 3cm is preferably kept in the field, so that cracking and root injury caused by high-temperature drought are prevented, rice plants cannot normally absorb water and nutrients, axillary buds are in a dormant state all the time, or the rice plants die and cannot germinate.
Harvesting the first crop when the grains in the whole field are yellow and ripe more than 90%, and the second and third buds are inverted more than 70% and extend to 3-5 cm. The height of the cut pile of the first season rice is 35-40cm, and the damage to the regeneration bud of the base part can be prevented during harvesting. Harvesting in the afternoon of cloudy or sunny days is also beneficial to bud protection.
2. Cultivating long-seedling-age large seedlings:
(1) seed selection: selecting high-quality commercial seeds of the same variety, rinsing the seeds in clear water, taking out the floating seeds and leaving the full seeds;
(2) selecting a sowing period: according to the growth and development speed of the regeneration bud, the sowing is determined to be 40-45 days before the first season rice is harvested through test comparison in combination with the growth characteristics of the variety;
(3) sowing: soaking seeds for 48 hours, accelerating germination for 24-36 hours, breaking the breast and sowing; sweeping and pressing the surfaces of the holes by using a hard broom to form concave surfaces of the substrates, sowing 2 seeds in each hole, covering the substrates to be flush with the disk surface, and sweeping the disk surface by using a soft broom to keep no substrate residues among the holes and prevent root systems among the holes from being connected in series to cause the sticking of seedling holes;
(4) seedling raising: covering the bird-proof net after seeding, taking off the bird-proof net after seedling emergence, and watering to establish a water layer; spraying paclobutrazol 500 times liquid to control the height of the seedlings in the heart period and the three-leaf period respectively;
100ml of liquid medicine is used per square meter of seedling plate.
In S2, the container is made of polystyrene material and has a specification of 545 × 280 × 38mm, 7 × 15 holes, a hole density of 693 holes/m 2, a volume of 23cc per hole and a hole bottom aperture of 10 mm.
The seedling raising matrix in the S2 comprises 50% of a commercially available rice seedling raising matrix and 50% of dry and crushed planting soil, and 6g of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer is uniformly mixed in each seedling tray matrix.
3. Agricultural machine indentation treatment:
irrigating water immediately after harvesting in the first season, wherein the depth is 5cm, cutting off weeds in ground indentations of the agricultural machine by a rice field mower the next day, loosening and leveling the surface soil by using the machine to form a mud layer with the depth of about 5cm, so as to facilitate seedling throwing, standing and survival.
4. Seedling throwing and supplementing:
keeping 3-5cm water layer, throwing the seedlings onto soil surface, and increasing density to ensure effective spike number of post-supplement population.
5. And (3) regulating the growth potential at the seedling stage: 5kg of urea is used 1 day after harvest, and 20kg of special compound fertilizer 15-15-15 is used 7 days after harvest. Keeping a 2-3cm shallow water layer 1-7 days after cutting to promote regeneration bud generation and seedling throwing seedling landing and rooting, then alternately wetting and drying, and managing the booting and heading shallow water layer in the middle and last ten months of 9 months. And taking care not to break water too early to affect grain grouting.
Investigation shows that the area of the agricultural machinery turning point of each field block occupies about 3.0-5.0% of the total area, and no regenerated seedlings appear in the area due to repeated rolling; in addition, one third of the plants produced by harvesting are pressed by wheels of agricultural machinery at one time, the emergence of seedlings in the area is 3-5 days later, and the number of seedlings is 20-30% less than that of the seedlings which are not pressed.
In the embodiment, the seedling is replenished aiming at the two parts of seedling shortage, the area shown in figure 1 is fully replenished with seedlings, and the seedlings can be thrown in 330 and 550 clusters per mu; FIG. 2 shows that the seedlings can be replanted in a single row between two rolled plants, and the number of the replanted seedlings per mu is about 1500; after seedling supplement, as shown in figure 3, the number of seedlings is increased by 1830-2050 clusters, the number of effective spikes is about 15000 per mu, and the yield is increased by 10-15%.
Claims (6)
1. A method for increasing the yield of ratoon rice by transplanting and supplementing big seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, inducing dormant buds of first season rice:
applying 10-12kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu of first season rice, and applying base fertilizer: the top dressing is 7:3, one base and one top dressing; transplanting rice seedlings in shallow water, alternately irrigating dry and wet to promote tillering, tillering to full seedlings, putting the field to control seedlings and promote roots, rehydrating in the differentiation period of young ears in the first 6 months, keeping a water layer in the field in the heading period to facilitate booting and heading, and ensuring the water demand for plant growth by alternately irrigating dry and wet in the second 7 months until the first season rice is harvested;
applying 10kg of urea per mu 10-15 days before the first season rice is cut, and filling water for the first time;
harvesting the first crop when the grains in the whole field are yellow and ripe for more than 90 percent and the axillary buds on the second and third nodes are inverted for more than 70 percent and extend to 3-5 cm;
s2, cultivating seedlings with long seedling age by throwing:
(1) seed selection: according to the ecological environment condition of local rice, selecting the variety of the ratoon rice with uniform ears in the safe period. Selecting high-quality commercial seeds of the same variety, rinsing the seeds in clear water, taking out the floating seeds and leaving the full seeds;
(2) selecting a sowing period: according to the characteristics of the first season rice and the regenerated bud growth and leaf age of the variety, the first season rice is sown 40-45 days before harvesting through test comparison;
(3) sowing: soaking seeds for 48 hours, accelerating germination for 24-36 hours, breaking the breast and sowing; sweeping and pressing the surfaces of the holes by using a hard broom to form concave surfaces of the substrates, sowing 2 seeds in each hole, covering the substrates to be flush with the disk surface, and sweeping the disk surface by using a soft broom to keep no substrate residues among the holes and prevent root systems among the holes from being connected in series to cause the sticking of seedling holes;
(4) seedling raising: covering the bird-proof net after seeding, taking off the bird-proof net after seedling emergence, and watering to establish a water layer; spraying paclobutrazol 500 times liquid in the first leaf, first heart stage and third leaf stage respectively to control the height of the seedlings; controlling the height of the seedling by adopting a method of moving a seedling tray to cut roots according to the growth height of the seedling;
s3, agricultural machine indentation treatment:
irrigating water immediately after harvesting in the first season, wherein the depth is 5cm, cutting off weeds in ground indentations of the agricultural machine by using a rice field mower the next day, loosening and leveling the surface soil by using the operation of the machine, and forming a mud layer with the depth of 3-5cm so as to facilitate seedling throwing, standing and survival;
s4, seedling throwing and seedling supplementing:
keeping 3-5cm of water layer, uniformly throwing the seedlings on the soil surface, and properly increasing the density;
s5, regulating the growth potential in the seedling stage:
10kg of urea is used 1 day after harvest, and 20kg of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer is used 7 days after harvest; keeping a 2-3cm shallow water layer 1-7 days after cutting to promote regeneration bud generation and seedling throwing seedling landing and rooting, then alternately wetting and drying, and managing the booting and heading shallow water layer in the middle and last ten months of 9 months.
2. The yield increasing method of ratoon rice with seedling throwing and gap filling of claim 1, wherein in S1, ratoon rice sprout promoting fertilizer is applied and water is poured once, specifically, 10kg of urea is used, the method is applied when no dew exists on rice plants to prevent blades from being damaged, and the method is generally applied when the weather is cooler after 5 pm; after fertilization, a 3cm water layer was maintained in the field.
3. The method for increasing yield of ratoon rice by transplanting seedlings and filling gaps of big seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the height of the cut pile of first season rice is 35-40 cm; harvesting in the afternoon of cloudy or sunny days.
4. The method for increasing yield of ratoon rice by transplanting seedlings of big seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in S2, paclobutrazol is sprayed by 100ml of liquid medicine per square meter of seedling plate.
5. The method for increasing yield of ratoon rice by transplanting seedlings of big seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container in S2 is made of polystyrene material, and has a specification of 545 × 280 × 38mm, a hole number of 7 × 15, and a hole density of 693 holes/m2The volume of each hole is 23cc, and the hole diameter at the bottom of the hole is 10 mm.
6. The method for increasing the yield of the ratoon rice with the large seedling throwing and the shortage according to claim 1, wherein the seedling raising matrix in S2 comprises 50% of the rice seedling raising matrix sold in the market and 50% of dry and crushed planting soil, and 6g of the compound fertilizer 15-15-15 is evenly mixed in each seedling tray matrix.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113016530A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-25 | 池州市农业科学研究所 | High-yield planting method for mechanically rolling and row direct seeding after harvesting first season rice |
| CN113016531A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-25 | 池州市农业科学研究所 | High-yield planting method for mechanically rolling row throwing planting after harvesting first season rice |
| CN113475335A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-10-08 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Whole-seedling high-yield method for overwintering rice |
| CN115500226A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-23 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Method for rapidly acquiring regenerated buds with different germination degrees |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113475335A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-10-08 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Whole-seedling high-yield method for overwintering rice |
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| CN115500226B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-09-22 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Method for rapidly obtaining regenerated buds with different germination degrees |
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