CN106912283B - Rice matrix semi-water seedling raising method - Google Patents
Rice matrix semi-water seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
A method for raising rice seedlings with matrix in half water mode includes such steps as using the mud-like seedling raising bed with rainproof, heat-insulating or sun-shading facilities in modern agriculture, raising rice seedlings with matrix in seedling raising tray, keeping matrix wet, and putting seedling raising tray on the mud-like seedling raising bed; the specific method comprises the following steps: A. preparing a seedling bed, B, selecting and matching a substrate, C, preparing a seedling device and related facilities, F, carrying out substrate tray loading, disinfection and seeding on a seeder assembly line, G, accelerating germination, H, cultivating the substrate semi-water seedling bed, and I, cultivating and managing. The method solves the defects of water seedling raising and dry seedling raising, simultaneously solves the technical problem of factory dry seedling raising, is beneficial to the growth and management of southern rice seedling raising, and the raised seedlings meet the requirements of mechanical seedling transplanting on high density, uniformity, strong seedlings, good root system coiling, light weight, convenient transportation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising, in particular to a method for semi-water seedling raising of a rice substrate.
Background
In China, rice seedlings are almost raised by water in thousands of years of rice culture history, and serious seed stuffiness, bud falling and seedling rotting are easy to occur. The introduction and popularization of dry seedling raising are started in the nineties of the last century, the problems of seed rotting and seedling rotting are solved, and the dry seedling raising is the current seedling raising mode. However, the dry seedling raising phenomenon can occur in a high temperature state. With the popularization of the seedling throwing technology and the mechanical seedling transplanting technology, the excessive growth of seedlings is not beneficial to the root-tying and green-returning of the field, and the dry seedling raising moves to the other extreme, so that the popularization and the popularization of the current mechanical rice transplanting technology cannot be met. In recent years, mechanical transplanting and seedling raising mainly adopts factory dry seedling raising, a seedling tray is in direct contact with air, is easily affected by sudden cold and sudden hot air temperature, water is frequently sprayed, seedling withering and seedling burning phenomena are easily caused, and short and strong seedlings are required to be cultured in order to comprehensively promote the whole-process mechanization of rice. The whole-course mechanized technology of the rice has the advantages of labor intensity reduction, time saving, labor saving, high efficiency and the like, but the mechanical rice transplanting of the rice is an accurate agricultural technology. Firstly, the seedling raising technology is difficult to master. The seedling raising technology of mechanical seedling transplanting is complex, has multiple key links and strong technical performance, and if one of the technical links has problems and errors, the effect of cultivation can be influenced, and even the yield and harvest of rice of farmers can be directly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for raising rice seedlings with a rice matrix in semi-water mode, which overcomes the defects of water seedling raising and dry seedling raising, solves the technical problem of factory dry seedling raising, is favorable for the growth and management of rice seedling raising in south China, and the rice seedlings cultivated by the method meet the requirements of mechanical seedling transplanting on high and uniform density, strong seedlings, good root system coiling, light weight, convenient transportation and the like.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: a method for semi-hydrated seedling raising of rice substrates is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that a muddy seedling raising bed provided with modern agricultural rainproof, heat-preservation or sun-shading facilities is used, seedling raising is carried out by adopting a seedling raising plate-contained matrix, the matrix is kept moist, then the seedling raising plate is placed on the muddy seedling raising bed, and the bed surface of the seedling raising bed is not watered in the whole seedling raising process; the specific method comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a seedling bed:
the seedling bed is watered and is rotarily tilled for 1 time by a rotary cultivator, the rotary cultivator is tilled after being soaked for 2 days, 25kg of 45 percent of balanced compound fertilizer is added into each mu, and the pulp is clarified after the raking is carried out for 2 days; keeping the seedling bed in a slurry state without accumulated water; the seedling raising seedbed is flat, and irrigation and drainage facilities are made around the seedling raising seedbed;
B. and (3) selecting and matching a matrix:
adopting self-prepared matrix or purchasing matrix products produced by qualified manufacturers; the self-prepared matrix is calculated according to the volume parts of non-yellow clay: shriveled rice husks: 1-1.5 kg of organic fertilizer containing 70% of organic matters and 50-100 g of seedling strengthening agent are added into each cubic meter of main material; the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is less than or equal to 5 percent; preparing 70-100 liters of matrix for each mu of cultivation field;
C. preparation of a seedling raising device and related facilities:
selecting a seeder and adjusting the seeding density, selecting a water adding device and adjusting the water spraying amount according to the variety of the seedling raising tray, and arranging a germination accelerating room which meets the conditions;
D. determining the sowing time: arranging crops for rotation according to the cultivation habit of the paddy field, and selecting the sowing period;
E. seed soaking: adopting high-quality optimized seeds, and soaking the seeds in clean water; after seed soaking, drying in the shade or air drying the surface moisture of the seeds, and reserving for sowing;
F. matrix dishing, disinfection and seeding are carried out on a seeder production line, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
f1, substrate dishing: adjusting the outflow quantity of the substrate at the bottom layer of the seeder, uniformly spreading and filling the substrate in a seedling raising tray with the thickness of about 2cm, and loading the prepared substrate on the seedling raising tray;
f2, disinfection: after the substrate is placed in a tray, a watering device of the seeder synchronously sprinkles and disinfects the substrate; namely, the disinfection solution is prepared by the disinfection drug, then the disinfection solution is added into a water adding device to form mixed solution containing the disinfection drug, and the matrix is uniformly and thoroughly poured by the mixed solution through the water adding device, so that the synchronous treatment of water spraying and disinfection on the matrix is realized;
f3, sowing: uniformly sowing according to the adjusted sowing density of the sowing machine and the sowing quantity of each seedling raising tray of 100-120 g of conventional rice and 80-100 g of hybrid rice; adjusting the amount of a seed covering matrix after sowing by the sowing machine, wherein the thickness of the seed covering matrix is 0.2-0.3 cm based on the seeds not exposed;
G. accelerating germination: the method is divided into two cases of early rice and late rice: (1) stacking and piling well-sowed seedling raising trays of early rice, conveying the stacked seedlings into a germination accelerating chamber, accelerating germination at high temperature and high humidity, keeping the temperature at 35-40 ℃ for 12-18 h, quickly raising the temperature of a matrix, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ for 12h and the humidity at 87-90%, and breaking the seeds to bud; after 24-30 h, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ and the humidity at 50-60%, and observing the budding condition; when 90% of rice sprouts in the seedling raising tray burst the tray surface matrix, stopping heating, slowly cooling the germination accelerating chamber to room temperature, enabling the rice sprouts to jack the bottom of the previous seedling raising tray, and approximately ejecting the tray surface matrix by 1cm, thus preparing to enter a thermal insulation shed with a seedling raising seedbed for cultivation; (2) when the outdoor temperature of late rice is above 30 ℃, the late rice does not need to enter a germination accelerating room, after sowing, the late rice is stacked and piled up, covered well and kept moisture not to flow out, and the late rice can be sent to a seedling bed after rice sprouts are ejected out of the surface of a tray and matrix is 1 cm;
H. matrix semi-water seedling bed cultivation: after germination accelerating, the seedling raising tray is put on a seedling raising bed in a prepared heat preservation shed with rain and sun protection on the top; gaps are not left below the seedling raising trays, the seedling raising trays are kept flat and do not sink after being placed, other seedling raising trays are placed next to each other, and the ridge length is determined by the heat insulation shed;
I. cultivation management: in the whole stage of cultivating seedlings by using the matrix semi-hydrated seedling cultivating bed, the relative moisture content of the matrix reaches more than 80 percent, and the seedling cultivating bed keeps a slurry state without accumulated water; covering a film on an arched shed for heat preservation when the temperature of the early season rice is low, taking a shed for sealing mainly in the seedling stage, properly ventilating according to the climate and the requirement, and uncovering the film to harden the seedlings after 3-4 leaves are in the shed at the temperature of 25-30 ℃; seedling raising of late rice in natural environment; when the illumination is too strong, the sun-shading net is adopted to shade light and cool, and the shading rate of the sun-shading net is 40-70 percent; transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings are 15-22 days old and the seedlings are 4-5 leaves and about 15cm high; and (5) before transplanting, paying attention to water management, and keeping the seedling raising tray moist and not loose.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: and B, reserving a 18-22cm walking channel for each 3m wide seedbed in the seedling raising seedbed in the step A, and preparing a seedbed with the square meter of about 3.6 per mu of land.
As another optimization, the seeder in the step C adopts a rice seeder matched with a seedling raising tray, and the adjustment of the seeding density meets the standard of a GB/T6243-;
the watering device of the seeder is arranged as follows: the self-prepared substrate can be provided with a water adding device, and the interval between the water adding device and the substrate loading tray of the seeder is 2 m; 2-3 water adding devices are needed to buy the northern finished product substrate, the interval of each water adding device is 3m, and the standard of no seed floating is adopted;
the watering amount of the watering device is adjusted as follows: adjusting the water quantity not to be too small or too sharp to enable the matrix to be in a saturated state;
the preparation conditions of the germination accelerating room are as follows: the device is provided with a steam type or ground heating type heating system, the germination accelerating room meets the conditions of heat preservation, black light and sealing, the temperature of the germination accelerating room can be adjusted to 15-45 ℃, and the humidity can be controlled to 50-95%.
As another preference, the date of the sowing period in step D is: calculating the sowing period of early rice according to the seedling age of 15-22 days, calculating the sowing period of late rice according to the seedling age of 15-18 days, and reversely pushing according to the safe spike-aligning period of the variety; and reasonably arranges the sowing proper sowing period considering the early rice maturity condition.
Preferably, the seed soaking time in the step E is about 30-40 h for early rice, and the seed soaking time for late rice is 22-30 h; meanwhile, small amount adjustment is carried out according to the size of the seed grain type, namely conventional small-grain seed soaking for 36-40h and large-grain seed soaking for 40-48 h.
As another preference, the disinfectant solution formulated with the disinfectant in step F2 is either a 6.25% 500-fold solution of piromyclobutanil, or a 25% 500-fold solution of prochloraz, or a 40% 500-fold solution of zinc thiazole.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method for semi-hydrated seedling raising of the rice substrate has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
the disadvantages of water seedling raising and dry seedling raising are solved.
The matrix semi-water seedling raising is a seedling raising mode between water seedling raising and dry seedling raising, the advantages of the two seedling raising modes are taken into consideration, the defects of the two seedling raising modes are overcome, meanwhile, the technical problem of factory dry seedling raising is solved, the growth and management of southern rice seedling raising are facilitated, the grown seedlings are high in seedling rate, good in later-stage seedlings and high in yield per mu, and the experimental example is shown: and (5) verifying the seedling raising effect of the experimental field.
(1) The method adopts the rotary cultivator to irrigate water to the seedling bed for rotary tillage for 1 time, and rotary tillage is carried out again after soaking for 2 days, 25kg of 45 percent of balanced compound fertilizer is added in each mu, and the slurry is clarified for 2 days after raking, so that on one hand, the seedling bed has hardness, the seedling bed can better bear a seedling tray, and the seedling tray can be placed neatly and stably without sinking; on the other hand, for the capillary phenomenon of the physics of the seedling bed, the capillary which becomes thin is added, so that the moisture can more easily reach the bottom of the seedling tray, and the moisture can be absorbed by the root system of the seedling. The seedling bed is kept in a slurry state without accumulated water, and the seedling tray and the seedling bed are tightly attached without a gap, so that the substrate of the invention is half-hydrated and full of water and suitable oxygen, which is beneficial to the robust growth of seedlings, avoids seed stuffiness, bud falling and seedling rotting, and solves the technical problem of water seedling culture; meanwhile, the influence caused by the temperature of the root system of the seedling is not caused, and the defects that cement, dry land and the like are adopted for dry seedling raising, the ground is solid, the water and air permeability is poor, and the temperature is easy to rise and change are overcome.
And (II) the technical problem of rice seedling raising in spring in south such as Guangxi is solved.
The temperature of the seedling bed of the matrix semi-water seedling raising technology is constant, the problems of seed soaking, sprout falling and seedling rotting of water seedling raising are solved, the conditions that physiological diseases of seedlings are prone to occurrence in bad climates such as changeable climate, large jumping change of air temperature, late spring cold and the like in spring in Guangxi are improved, and the technical problem that the physiological diseases of seedling raising in spring in Guangxi are prone to occurrence is solved.
And (III) the bottleneck problem of mechanized seedling cultivation in the whole process of rice production is solved.
(1) The substrate semi-hydrated seedling raising adopts the formula substrate as a carrier for raising seedling growth, has light weight and easy transportation, and solves the problems of overweight dry seedling raising, uneven weight and inconvenient transportation of the mechanical seedling transplanting. The invention meets the requirements of high and uniform seedling density, strong seedlings, good root system coiling, light weight, convenient transportation and the like required by mechanized rice transplanting, and is convenient for popularization and application in Guangxi.
(2) The invention adopts mechanized sowing, and solves the problem of uneven dry-raised sowing.
(3) The substrate semi-hydrated seedling raising seedling of the invention has high density and good root system coiling, and is very beneficial to the control of the seedling transplanting quality by a seedling transplanter.
(4) The substrate semi-hydrated seedling raising keeps the temperature of the seedling raising seedbed relatively constant, the seedlings are firm and are not easy to overgrow, and the growth of the seedlings after machine transplanting and rice planting is facilitated.
(5) The seedling bed of the matrix semi-hydrated seedling raising has better buffering power than a seedling bed of dry seedling raising, is not easy to burn seedlings to form uneven seedlings of a seedling raising tray, and solves the problem of missing transplanting and lack of roots of mechanical transplanting.
In conclusion, the invention is a scientific, practical and feasible rice seedling raising mode; is a key link for realizing the mechanization of the whole process of rice production in Guangxi; the method integrates mechanization, standardization and scale, and is a technology for combining modern agricultural engineering with agricultural technology; the labor intensity is reduced, and the method has positive significance for promoting the yield increase and high efficiency of grain production.
The technical features of the "method for semi-water cultivation of rice substrate" of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
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Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for raising rice seedlings with matrix in half water mode includes such steps as using the mud-like seedling raising bed with rainproof, heat-insulating or sun-shading facilities in modern agriculture, raising rice seedlings with matrix in seedling raising tray, keeping matrix wet, and putting seedling raising tray on the mud-like seedling raising bed; the specific method comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a seedling bed:
the seedling bed is watered and is rotarily tilled for 1 time by a rotary cultivator, and is rotarily tilled after being soaked for 2 days, 25kg of 45 percent of balanced compound fertilizer is added into each mu (namely, each 667 square meters), and the pulp is clarified after being raked for 2 days; keeping the seedling bed in a slurry state without accumulated water; leveling the seedling bed, and making irrigation and drainage facilities around the seedling bed; a path for traveling of 18 to 22cm (20 cm in this example) is reserved per 3m wide seedbed, and about 3.6 square meters of seedbed per mu of land is prepared.
B. And (3) selecting and matching a matrix:
optionally, a self-prepared matrix is adopted; the self-prepared matrix is calculated according to the volume parts of non-yellow clay: shriveled rice husks: mixing peat soil =4:5:1, adding 1.5kg of organic fertilizer containing 70% of organic matters and 60g of seedling strengthening agent into each cubic meter of main material; the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is less than or equal to 5 percent; 70-100 liters of matrix is required to be prepared in each mu of cultivation field.
C. Preparation of a seedling raising device and related facilities:
selecting a seeder and adjusting the seeding density, selecting a water adding device and adjusting the water spraying amount according to the variety of the seedling raising tray, and arranging a germination accelerating room which meets the conditions; wherein:
(1) seeding machine: selecting a rice seeding machine (such as 2 BZP-800) matched with a seedling raising tray.
(2) And (3) debugging the seeding density of the seeder: the seeding density meets the standard of a GB/T6243-.
(3) The water adding device of the seeder is as follows: the self-prepared substrate can be provided with a water adding device, and the interval between the water adding device and the substrate loading tray of the seeder is 2 m. (4) Adjusting the water spraying amount of the water adding device: the water quantity can not be too small or be over-excited, the water quantity is too small, the soil contains insufficient water, the substrate on the surface of the seedling raising tray is easily overturned by the over-excitation of the water quantity to cause unevenness, and the water valve is adjusted to be in an optimal state to saturate the substrate. The substrate is fully full of moisture, and the moisture required in the germination accelerating and seed unearthing processes is met.
(5) The preparation conditions of the germination accelerating room are as follows: the device is provided with a steam type or ground heating type heating system, the germination accelerating room meets the conditions of heat preservation, black light and sealing, the temperature of the germination accelerating room can be adjusted to 15-45 ℃, and the humidity can be controlled to 50-95%.
D. Determining the sowing time; arranging crops for rotation according to the cultivation habit of the paddy field, and selecting the sowing period; calculating the sowing period of the early rice according to the seedling age of 15-22 days, calculating the sowing period of the late rice according to the seedling age of 15-18 days, reversely pushing the late rice according to the safe ear-aligning period of the variety, and reasonably arranging the sowing proper period according to the mature condition of the early rice; generally, early rice is 3 to 4 early ten days of the month, late rice is 6 to 7 early ten days of the month. The safe spike aligning period refers to a period that rice cultivation is affected by cold dew wind too late and cannot be grouted to form shrunken grains, so that the grouting and spike aligning are completed before the cold dew wind comes, the period is the safe spike aligning period, and the growth period of each variety is different.
E. Seed soaking: adopting high-quality optimized seeds, and soaking the seeds in clean water; the early rice seed soaking time is about 30-40 h, and the late rice seed soaking time is 22-30 h. Meanwhile, small amount adjustment is carried out according to the size of the seed grain type, namely conventional small-grain seed soaking for 36-40h and large-grain seed soaking for 40-48 h. After seed soaking, drying in the shade or air drying the surface moisture of the seeds, and then reserving for sowing.
F. Matrix dishing, disinfection and seeding are carried out on a seeder production line, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
f1, substrate dishing: adjusting the outflow quantity of the substrate at the bottom layer of the seeder, uniformly spreading and filling the substrate in a seedling raising tray with the thickness of about 2cm, and loading the prepared substrate on the seedling raising tray;
f2, disinfection: after the substrate is placed in a tray, a watering device of the seeder synchronously sprinkles and disinfects the substrate; preparing a disinfectant solution from a disinfectant, adding the disinfectant solution into a water adding device to form a mixed water solution containing the disinfectant, and uniformly and thoroughly watering the substrate by the mixed water solution through the water adding device to realize synchronous watering and disinfection treatment on the substrate;
the disinfectant solution prepared from the disinfectant is a 500-time solution of 6.25% of Protochromobacter annale, a 500-time solution of 25% of prochloraz or a 500-time solution of 40% of zinc thiazole.
F3, sowing: uniformly sowing according to the adjusted sowing density of the sowing machine and the sowing quantity of each seedling raising tray of 100-120 g of conventional rice and 80-100 g of hybrid rice; adjusting the amount of a seed covering matrix after sowing by the sowing machine, wherein the thickness of the seed covering matrix is 0.2-0.3 cm based on the seeds not exposed;
G. accelerating germination: the method is divided into two cases of early rice and late rice: (1) stacking and piling well-sowed seedling raising trays of early rice, conveying the stacked seedling raising trays into a germination accelerating room (or a germination accelerating room box and a germination accelerating room shed) for accelerating germination at high temperature and high humidity, keeping the temperature at 35-40 ℃ for 12-18 h, quickly raising the temperature of a matrix, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ for 12h and the humidity at 87-90%, and breaking the seeds to bud; after 24-30 h, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ and the humidity at 50-60%, and observing the budding condition; when 90% of rice sprouts in the seedling raising tray burst the tray surface matrix, stopping heating, slowly cooling the germination accelerating chamber to room temperature, enabling the rice sprouts to be jacked to the bottom of the previous seedling raising tray and jacked out of the tray surface matrix by about 1cm, and then preparing to enter a thermal insulation shed with a semi-hydrated seedling raising bed (namely the seedling raising bed in the step A) for cultivation; (2) and (3) for late rice, the outdoor temperature is above 30 ℃, the late rice does not need to enter a germination accelerating room, the late rice is stacked and piled up after the late rice is sowed, the covering is well carried out, the water is kept not to flow out, and the late rice can be sent to a seedling bed (namely the seedling bed in the step A) after the rice sprouts are ejected out of the surface matrix of the rice tray by 1 cm.
H. Matrix semi-water seedling bed cultivation: after germination acceleration, the seedling raising tray is timely placed on a prepared seedling raising bed (namely the seedling raising bed prepared in the step A) in a seedling raising shed with the rainproof and sunshade top; the lower part of the seedling raising tray is required to be free from gaps, the seedling raising tray is kept not to sink after being placed, other trays are placed next to each other, and the ridge length is determined by the seedling raising shed.
I. Cultivation management: in the whole stage of cultivating seedlings by using the matrix semi-hydrated seedling cultivating bed, the relative moisture content of the matrix reaches more than 80 percent, and the seedling cultivating bed keeps a slurry state without accumulated water; the seedling bed has good soil viscosity, is fertile, is convenient to irrigate and drain, has no gravels and weeds, is convenient to transport and manage, has a heat-insulating and rainproof facility in the early rice seedling raising low-temperature period, and is matched with a rainproof facility and a sunshade net in the late rice seedling raising in high-temperature seasons. And (3) when the early season rice is at a low temperature, an arched shed is constructed for film covering and heat preservation, the shed is mainly sealed in the seedling stage, ventilation is properly carried out according to the climate and the requirement, the temperature in the shed is 25-30 ℃, and the film can be removed after 3-4 leaves are removed for seedling hardening. The late rice is raised in natural environment. When the illumination is too strong, the sun-shading net is adopted to shade light and cool, and the shading rate of the sun-shading net is 40-70 percent. Transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings are 15-22 days old and the seedlings are 4-5 leaves and about 15cm high; before transplanting, attention is paid to water management, and the seedling raising tray is kept moist and not loose, so that transplanting is facilitated.
The sprout cultivation tray in the embodiment is as follows: the hard seedling raising hard disk special for mechanized rice transplanting comprises: the standard generally used is 60cm × 30cm × 2.5 cm. Modern agricultural facilities refer to: selecting greenhouse, big shed, small arched shed, sunshade net, etc.
Example 2:
the method for semi-hydrated seedling raising of the rice substrate is basically the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the substrate is selected and matched, namely a self-matched substrate is selected; the self-prepared matrix is calculated according to the volume parts of non-yellow clay: shriveled rice husks: 1kg of peat soil =4:5:1, and 50g of seedling strengthening agent and organic fertilizer with 70% of organic matters are added into each cubic meter of main material; the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is less than or equal to 5 percent; 70-100 liters of matrix is required to be prepared in each mu of cultivation field.
Example 3:
the method for semi-hydrated seedling raising of the rice substrate is basically the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the substrate is selected and matched, namely a self-matched substrate is selected; the self-prepared matrix is calculated according to the volume parts of non-yellow clay: shriveled rice husks: mixing peat soil =4:5:1, adding 1.3kg of organic fertilizer containing 70% of organic matters and 70g of seedling strengthening agent into each cubic meter of main material; the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is less than or equal to 5 percent; 70-100 liters of matrix is required to be prepared in each mu of cultivation field.
Example 4:
the method for semi-hydrated seedling raising of the rice substrate in the embodiment is basically the same as the embodiment 1, except that,
first, the choice of matrix is different:
B. selecting and matching the substrate, namely selecting and purchasing a substrate product produced by a qualified manufacturer; 70-100 liters of matrix is required to be prepared in each mu of cultivation field.
The second step is as follows: the arrangement of the water adding device is different in the step C and the preparation of the seedling raising device and the related facilities:
(3) the water adding device comprises: 2-3 water adding devices are needed to buy the northern finished product substrate, the interval of each water adding device is 3m, and the standard of no seed floating is adopted. The interval between the arranged first watering device and the substrate tray of the seeder is 2 m.
Experimental example: experimental field seedling raising effect verification
Taking the same variety of rice seeds to perform a seedling culture experiment of 20-day early-growing seedling age at the professional cooperative society of Heian rice in Yangjiang area of Liuzhou, Guangxi, and setting the rice seeds as a control group 1, a control group 2 and example groups 1-4 of the invention respectively; the control group 1 adopts a conventional water seedling raising mode, the control group 2 adopts a conventional dry seedling raising mode, the example groups 1 to 4 of the invention respectively adopt the methods of the example groups 1 to 4 of the invention to raise seedlings, the growth condition and the seedling rate condition of rice seedlings of each group are inspected, and the acre yield is inspected by field cultivation and harvest. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1: comparison table of seedling rate and growth condition of each group of rice
The results in the table show that compared with the conventional water seedling raising mode and dry seedling raising mode, the rice matrix semi-water seedling raising method provided by the invention has the advantages that the seedling rate is obviously improved, the rooting power is strong, and the yield per mu is increased after rice is transplanted. In addition, the rice seedlings cultivated by the method have high density, strong seedlings and good root system coiling, and are very beneficial to the control of the transplanting quality by a transplanter.
For the method, the self-prepared matrix is selected, and the general value range of the addition amount of the organic fertilizer and the seedling strengthening agent of each cubic meter of the main material is as follows: 1kg to 1.5kg of organic fertilizer and 50g to 100g of seedling strengthening agent; the amount of the seedling strengthening agent also depends on the content of the main components of the seedling strengthening agent, the climate and the absorption rate of seedlings, the growth of the seedlings can be influenced if the amount of the seedling strengthening agent is less in the early stage of production and more in the late stage of production, and the growth of the seedlings can be influenced if the amount of the seedling strengthening agent is too less in the late stage of production or vice versa.
Claims (6)
1. A method for semi-hydrated seedling raising of rice substrates is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that a muddy seedling raising bed provided with modern agricultural rainproof, heat-preservation or sun-shading facilities is used, seedling raising is carried out by adopting a seedling raising plate-contained matrix, the matrix is kept moist, then the seedling raising plate is placed on the muddy seedling raising bed, and the bed surface of the seedling raising bed is not watered in the whole seedling raising process; the specific method comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a seedling bed:
the seedling bed is watered and is rotarily tilled for 1 time by a rotary cultivator, the rotary cultivator is tilled after being soaked for 2 days, 25kg of 45 percent of balanced compound fertilizer is added into each mu, and the pulp is clarified after the raking is carried out for 2 days; keeping the seedling bed in a slurry state without accumulated water; the seedling raising seedbed is flat, and irrigation and drainage facilities are made around the seedling raising seedbed;
B. and (3) selecting and matching a matrix:
adopting self-prepared matrix or purchasing matrix products produced by qualified manufacturers; the self-prepared matrix is calculated according to the volume parts of non-yellow clay: shriveled rice husks: 1-1.5 kg of organic fertilizer containing 70% of organic matters and 50-100 g of seedling strengthening agent are added into each cubic meter of main material; the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is less than or equal to 5 percent; preparing 70-100 liters of matrix for each mu of cultivation field;
C. preparation of a seedling raising device and related facilities:
selecting a seeder and adjusting the seeding density, selecting a water adding device and adjusting the water spraying amount according to the variety of the seedling raising tray, and arranging a germination accelerating room which meets the conditions;
D. determining the sowing time: arranging crops for rotation according to the cultivation habit of the paddy field, and selecting the sowing period;
E. seed soaking: adopting high-quality optimized seeds, and soaking the seeds in clean water; after seed soaking, drying in the shade or air drying the surface moisture of the seeds, and reserving for sowing;
F. matrix dishing, disinfection and seeding are carried out on a seeder production line, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
f1, substrate dishing: adjusting the outflow quantity of the substrate at the bottom layer of the seeder, uniformly spreading and filling the substrate in a seedling raising tray with the thickness of about 2cm, and loading the prepared substrate on the seedling raising tray;
f2, disinfection: after the substrate is placed in a tray, a watering device of the seeder synchronously sprinkles and disinfects the substrate; namely, the disinfection solution is prepared by the disinfection drug, then the disinfection solution is added into a water adding device to form mixed solution containing the disinfection drug, and the matrix is uniformly and thoroughly poured by the mixed solution through the water adding device, so that the synchronous treatment of water spraying and disinfection on the matrix is realized;
f3, sowing: uniformly sowing according to the adjusted sowing density of the sowing machine and the sowing quantity of each seedling raising tray of 100-120 g of conventional rice and 80-100 g of hybrid rice; adjusting the amount of a seed covering matrix after sowing by the sowing machine, wherein the thickness of the seed covering matrix is 0.2-0.3 cm based on the seeds not exposed;
G. accelerating germination: the method is divided into two cases of early rice and late rice: (1) stacking and piling well-sowed seedling raising trays of early rice, conveying the stacked seedlings into a germination accelerating chamber, accelerating germination at high temperature and high humidity, keeping the temperature at 35-40 ℃ for 12-18 h, quickly raising the temperature of a matrix, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ for 12h and the humidity at 87-90%, and breaking the seeds to bud; after 24-30 h, keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ and the humidity at 50-60%, and observing the budding condition; when 90% of rice sprouts in the seedling raising tray burst the tray surface matrix, stopping heating, slowly cooling the germination accelerating chamber to room temperature, enabling the rice sprouts to jack the bottom of the previous seedling raising tray, and approximately ejecting the tray surface matrix by 1cm, thus preparing to enter a thermal insulation shed with a seedling raising seedbed for cultivation; (2) when the outdoor temperature of late rice is above 30 ℃, the late rice does not need to enter a germination accelerating room, after sowing, the late rice is stacked and piled up, covered well and kept moisture not to flow out, and the late rice can be sent to a seedling bed after rice sprouts are ejected out of the surface of a tray and matrix is 1 cm;
H. matrix semi-water seedling bed cultivation: after germination accelerating, the seedling raising tray is put on a seedling raising bed in a prepared heat preservation shed with rain and sun protection on the top; gaps are not left below the seedling raising trays, the seedling raising trays are kept flat and do not sink after being placed, other seedling raising trays are placed next to each other, and the ridge length is determined by the heat insulation shed;
I. cultivation management: in the whole stage of cultivating seedlings by using the matrix semi-hydrated seedling cultivating bed, the relative moisture content of the matrix reaches more than 80 percent, and the seedling cultivating bed keeps a slurry state without accumulated water; covering a film on an arched shed for heat preservation when the temperature of the early season rice is low, taking a shed for sealing mainly in the seedling stage, properly ventilating according to the climate and the requirement, and uncovering the film to harden the seedlings after 3-4 leaves are in the shed at the temperature of 25-30 ℃; seedling raising of late rice in natural environment; when the illumination is too strong, the sun-shading net is adopted to shade light and cool, and the shading rate of the sun-shading net is 40-70 percent; transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings are 15-22 days old and the seedlings are 4-5 leaves and about 15cm high; and (5) before transplanting, paying attention to water management, and keeping the seedling raising tray moist and not loose.
2. The method for semi-water seedling raising of the rice substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and B, reserving a 18-22cm walking channel for each 3m wide seedbed in the seedling raising seedbed in the step A, and preparing a seedbed with the square meter of about 3.6 per mu of land.
3. The method for semi-water seedling raising of the rice substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the seeder in the step C adopts a rice seeder matched with a seedling raising disc, and the adjustment of the seeding density meets the standard of a GB/T6243-;
the watering device of the seeder is arranged as follows: the self-prepared substrate can be provided with a water adding device, and the interval between the water adding device and the substrate loading tray of the seeder is 2 m; 2-3 water adding devices are needed to buy the northern finished product substrate, the interval of each water adding device is 3m, and the standard of no seed floating is adopted;
the watering amount of the watering device is adjusted as follows: adjusting the water quantity not to be too small or too sharp to enable the matrix to be in a saturated state;
the preparation conditions of the germination accelerating room are as follows: the device is provided with a steam type or ground heating type heating system, the germination accelerating room meets the conditions of heat preservation, black light and sealing, the temperature of the germination accelerating room can be adjusted to 15-45 ℃, and the humidity can be controlled to 50-95%.
4. A method of semi-hydrated seedling raising of rice as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the date of the sowing period in the step D is as follows: calculating the sowing period of early rice according to the seedling age of 15-22 days, calculating the sowing period of late rice according to the seedling age of 15-18 days, and reversely pushing according to the safe spike-aligning period of the variety; and reasonably arranges the sowing proper sowing period considering the early rice maturity condition.
5. The method for semi-water seedling raising of the rice substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step E, the seed soaking time of the early rice is about 30-40 h, and the seed soaking time of the late rice is 22-30 h; meanwhile, small amount adjustment is carried out according to the size of the seed grain type, namely conventional small-grain seed soaking for 36-40h and large-grain seed soaking for 40-48 h.
6. The method for semi-water seedling raising of the rice substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the disinfection water solution prepared by the disinfection medicament in the step F2 is 500 times of 6.25 percent of Prochloraz eutropha, 500 times of 25 percent of prochloraz or 500 times of 40 percent of zinc thiazole.
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| CN102388778A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-03-28 | 王思见 | Mud seedling raising method by using seedling transplanting disc of rice machine |
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