CN112176722B - 一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112176722B
CN112176722B CN202011149350.6A CN202011149350A CN112176722B CN 112176722 B CN112176722 B CN 112176722B CN 202011149350 A CN202011149350 A CN 202011149350A CN 112176722 B CN112176722 B CN 112176722B
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徐进云
孙玉
刘燕军
吴玲
张朝
周存
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂及其制备方法。该纺丝油剂的复配原料质量百分比组成为:抗静电剂5~15%、平滑剂35~50%、乳化剂25~40%和调整剂5~10%,各组份质量之和为100%。该制备方法是先将平滑剂和调整剂加入反应釜中,加热至115~125℃,搅拌均匀冷却至75~85℃,再将乳化剂和抗静电剂加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀后冷却至40~60℃,过滤即得。本发明得到的聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂油剂性能优异,适用于PBO的纺丝生产,能赋予纤维适宜的抗静电性、平滑性、耐磨性、可洗性等性能,完全满足上游生产和下游制造工艺的需求。

Description

一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及合成纤维加工中的助剂制造领域,具体是一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)是一种直线型聚芳杂环液晶聚合物分子。PBO最初是由美国空军实验室于上个世纪80年代作为一种耐高温性能的复合材料而开发的增强材料,其纤维的强度、模量、耐热性和抗燃性,特别是PBO纤维的强度超过钢纤维,甚至于可凌驾碳纤维之上,是21世纪超级纤维,但由于一直受到合成工艺的限制,不能合成大分子量的PBO聚合物,其优越的性能也不能体现出来。随着技术的不断进步,直到1998年10月才开始正式商业生产。然而作为特殊用途的高性能纤维,PBO作为军需品只有在欧美和日本销售,对我国禁销,价格也很昂贵,因此我国一直在进行PBO的自主研发。
PBO纤维的开发需要配套的专用油剂,这对于PBO纤维的生产和应用非常重要。该类纤维采用液晶相浓溶液的干喷湿织法,这就需要油剂浓度在15wt%~20wt%之间的纺丝原液,然后在90℃~200℃的温度下进行干喷湿纺,这需要油剂具有很好的耐热性,不能在加热过程中分解失效,也不能由于受热而发生颜色改变导致纤维发黄变色。然后纤维经过5mm~250mm的空气层后,到达低温凝固水浴,分子取向结构被保留下来,再经过水洗、干燥以及对初生丝在300~650℃进行热牵引处理,以定型纤维结构和消除纤维之间的空隙,提高纤维的模量,这就要求油剂不仅耐热性能好,还要有极好的可洗性,能够在后续的工序中脱去,此外,PBO在加工工程中,还要经过梳棉、并条、粗纱、细纱等工序,要求油剂具有良好的抗静电性、摩擦特性、温湿度适应性以及较好的含有均匀性等。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明拟解决的技术问题是,提供一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂及其制备方法。
本发明解决所述纺丝油剂技术问题的技术方案是,提供一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂,其特征在于,该纺丝油剂的复配原料质量百分比组成为:抗静电剂5~15%、平滑剂35~50%、乳化剂25~40%和调整剂5~10%,各组份质量之和为100%。
本发明解决所述制备方法技术问题的技术方案是,提供一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂的制备方法,其特征在于,先将平滑剂和调整剂加入反应釜中,加热至115~125℃,搅拌均匀冷却至75~85℃,再将乳化剂和抗静电剂加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀后冷却至40~60℃,过滤即得。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明得到的聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂油剂性能优异,适用于PBO的纺丝生产,能赋予纤维适宜的抗静电性、平滑性、耐磨性、可洗性等性能,完全满足上游生产和下游制造工艺的需求。
2.本发明得到的纺丝油剂耐磨性良好,经实际应用,企业现场效果反馈,在不使用含耐磨组分油剂情况下,纺丝生产线会产生大量白色粉末,加入耐磨剂后会消失。
3.通过剩余含油量可测定可洗性指标,加入普通纺丝油剂得到的纤维含油量在5%水平,而加入本纺丝油剂后纤维的含油量在3%左右,水洗后可降到0.5%以下,证明本发明得到的纺丝油剂可洗性良好。
4.本发明制备方法简单,操作方便,适于工业化推广。
具体实施方式
下面给出本发明的具体实施例。具体实施例仅用于进一步详细说明本发明,不限制本申请权利要求的保护范围。
本发明提供了一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂(简称纺丝油剂),其特征在于该纺丝油剂由质量分数为5~15%的抗静电剂、质量分数为35~50%的平滑剂、质量分数为25~40%的乳化剂和质量分数为5~10%的调整剂制成,各组份质量之和为100%。
所述抗静电剂是C6~C20烷基磷酸脂钾盐、C8~C26烷基苯磺酸盐或两性型抗静电剂中的至少一种,组成原料为两种及以上的混合物时,各组成原料的比例不受限定。所述两性型抗静电剂是咪吐琳衍生物型。
所述平滑剂是基础油、植物油、动物油、脂肪酸脂或脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚中的至少一种,组成原料为两种及以上的混合物时,各组成原料的比例不受限定。所述基础油是指石油裂解产物,矿物油就属于基础油的一种。
所述乳化剂是脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、山梨醇单油酸酯、聚氧乙烯去水山梨醇酯或合成酯中的至少一种,组成原料为两种及以上的混合物时,各组成原料的比例不受限定。
所述调整剂是丙酸醇酯和/或丙酸季戊醇酯,组成原料为两种及以上的混合物时,各组成原料的比例不受限定。
本发明同时提供了一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂的制备方法(简称制备方法),其特征在于该制备方法是将所述纺丝油剂的复配原料质量百分比组成按下述工艺进行制造,先将计量准确的平滑剂和调整剂加入反应釜中,加热至115~125℃,搅拌时间0.5~2h,搅拌均匀冷却至75~85℃,然后再将乳化剂和抗静电剂加入反应釜中,搅拌2~4h后,冷却至40~60℃,过滤,出料,包装即得。
低温时油剂粘度会增大,过滤缓慢,因此本制备方法中过滤时的温度选择在40~60℃之间,通过过滤将杂质和一些酯类的副产物过滤掉。过滤出料后在常温下保存即可。
调整剂需要115~125℃溶解,而后面的组分是不耐高温的,所以按照顺序添加。
实施例1
将45%质量分数的双组份平滑剂(25%质量分数的矿物油、20%质量分数的异构八醇脂肪酸酯)与10%质量分数的调整剂丙酸三醇酯混合搅拌至120℃,搅拌1h,冷却至75℃,然后加入质量分数35%的三组份乳化剂(10%质量分数的聚氧乙烯去水山梨醇酯、15%质量分数的C16醇聚氧乙烯醚、10%质量分数的聚乙二醇合成酯)和10%质量分数的抗静电剂(5%质量分数的C6烷基磷酸脂钾盐、5%质量分数的咪吐琳衍生物型),加入反应釜中,搅拌2h,冷却至60℃,过滤、出料,包装即得。
实施例2
将50%质量分数的双组份平滑剂(25%质量分数的植物油、20%质量分数的异构八醇脂肪酸酯、5%质量分数的动物油)与8%质量分数的调整剂二丙酸季戊醇酯混合搅拌至125℃,搅拌1h,冷却至85℃,然后加入质量分数32%的三组份乳化剂(10%质量分数的山梨醇单油酸酯、15%质量分数的C14醇聚氧乙烯醚、7%质量分数的聚乙四醇合成酯)和10%质量分数的抗静电剂(7%质量分数的C8烷基磷酸脂钾盐、3%质量分数的C8烷基苯磺酸盐),加入反应釜中,搅拌1.5h,冷却至55℃,过滤、出料,包装即得。
实施例3
将50%质量分数的双组份平滑剂(20%质量分数的植物油、30%质量分数的异构十三醇脂肪酸酯)与5%质量分数的调整剂二丙酸季戊醇酯混合搅拌至120℃,搅拌1h,冷却至80℃,然后加入质量分数35%的三组份乳化剂(10%质量分数的山梨醇单油酸酯、15%质量分数的C16醇聚氧乙烯醚、10%质量分数的C18脂肪醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚)和10%质量分数的抗静电剂(6%质量分数的C12烷基磷酸脂钾盐、4%质量分数的C28烷基苯磺酸盐),加入反应釜中,搅拌1h,冷却至57℃,过滤、出料,包装即得。
实施例4
将50%质量分数的双组份平滑剂(25%质量分数的动物油、25%质量分数的异构十八醇脂肪酸酯)与10%质量分数的调整剂三丙酸醇酯混合搅拌至115℃,搅拌1h,冷却至80℃,然后加入质量分数35%的三组份乳化剂(5%质量分数的山梨醇单油酸酯、15%质量分数的C18醇聚氧乙烯醚、15%质量分数的C20脂肪醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚)和5%质量分数的抗静电剂(5%质量分数的C14烷基磷酸脂钾盐),加入反应釜中,搅拌1h,冷却至55℃,过滤、出料,包装即得。
实施例5
将45%质量分数的双组份平滑剂(20%质量分数的硬脂酸聚氧乙烯醚、25%质量分数的异构十八醇脂肪酸酯)与10%质量分数的调整剂三丙酸醇酯混合搅拌至120℃,搅拌1h,冷却至80℃,然后加入质量分数37%的三组份乳化剂(7%质量分数的山梨醇单油酸酯、15%质量分数的C20醇聚氧乙烯醚、15%质量分数的C24脂肪醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚)和8%质量分数的抗静电剂(8%质量分数的C18烷基磷酸脂钾盐),加入反应釜中,搅拌1h,冷却至60℃,过滤、出料,包装即得。
实施例6
将35%质量分数的双组份平滑剂(20%质量分数的硬脂酸聚氧乙烯醚、15%质量分数的异构十八醇脂肪酸酯)与10%质量分数的调整剂三丙酸醇酯混合搅拌至120℃,搅拌1h,冷却至80℃,然后加入质量分数40%的三组份乳化剂(10%质量分数的山梨醇单油酸酯、15%质量分数的C20醇聚氧乙烯醚、15%质量分数的C24脂肪醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚)和15%质量分数的抗静电剂(15%质量分数的C18烷基磷酸脂钾盐),加入反应釜中,搅拌1h,冷却至60℃,过滤、出料,包装即得。
实施例7
将50%质量分数的双组份平滑剂(25%质量分数的硬脂酸聚氧乙烯醚、25%质量分数的异构十八醇脂肪酸酯)与10%质量分数的调整剂三丙酸醇酯混合搅拌至120℃,搅拌1h,冷却至80℃,然后加入质量分数25%的三组份乳化剂(5%质量分数的山梨醇单油酸酯、10%质量分数的C20醇聚氧乙烯醚、10%质量分数的C24脂肪醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚)和15%质量分数的抗静电剂(15%质量分数的C18烷基磷酸脂钾盐),加入反应釜中,搅拌1h,冷却至40℃,过滤、出料,包装即得。
实施例8
将实施例1~7得到的纺丝油剂应用于纺丝中,以一条纺丝生产线一天需要1吨10%的纺丝油剂乳液计,先加入900kg的水(水温在25℃),再加入100kg的本纺丝油剂,边搅拌边加入,搅拌制成均一的纺丝油剂乳液。纺丝时,把丝的原料(PBO)熔融,然后挤出拉伸成丝,在这个过程中可采用喷淋或者水浴等方式加入纺丝油剂乳液,让丝上浸满纺丝油剂。另选择未添加任何纺丝油剂的方案作为对比例,各项参数与结果见表1。
表1
由表1可以看出,添加纺丝油剂后得到的聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纤度、拉伸强度和拉伸模量均有大幅度增加,可见油剂组分对于PBO生产有着重要作用,但选用不同组分会对油剂的性质产生影响,使得纤维最终的性能也会有着一定的区别;断裂伸长率比不添加纺丝油剂时减小了一半,原因在于PBO纺丝工艺中特定环节需要油剂组分的帮助才能顺利完成生产,否则会对成品丝的质量产生重大影响;添加纺丝油剂后得到的聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维热分解温度翻了一倍多,原因在于油剂中的耐热组分有效的附着于纤维之上,提高了纤维的热分解温度;得到的纤维热分解温度高,好处是可以生产出用于工作温度环境高的后续产品;极限氧指数是PBO本身原料所决定,故添加油剂与否对纤维的本指标未产生明显变化。
采用本纺丝油剂得到的纤维经一次水洗,采用有机溶剂萃取丝中残留组分,然后挥发检测,可检测的存在浓度均在0.5%以下。
本发明所生产的聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂可达到如下质量指标:
外观:0℃以上,为透明均一的油状液体,储存半年内能稳定存在,不分层,不产生悬浮物;
PH值(重量1%的25℃水溶液):6~8;
有效成分含量(重量%):95以上,有效成分指的是不含水的部分,由于抗静电剂中会有微量的水分存在,导致最终的油剂中含有微量水分;
赛氏粘度(秒):60±10。
本发明未述及之处适用于现有技术。

Claims (4)

1.一种聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂,其特征在于,该纺丝油剂的复配原料质量百分比组成为:抗静电剂10%、双组份平滑剂50%、三组份乳化剂35%和调整剂5%,各组份质量之和为100%;
双组份平滑剂是20%质量分数的植物油和30%质量分数的异构十三醇脂肪酸酯;
调整剂是二丙酸季戊醇酯;
三组份乳化剂是10%质量分数的山梨醇单油酸酯、15%质量分数的C16醇聚氧乙烯醚和10%质量分数的C18脂肪醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚;
抗静电剂是6%质量分数的C12烷基磷酸脂钾盐和4%质量分数的C28烷基苯磺酸盐。
2.一种权利要求1所述的聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂的制备方法,其特征在于,先将平滑剂和调整剂加入反应釜中,加热至115~125℃,搅拌均匀冷却至75~85℃,再将乳化剂和抗静电剂加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀后冷却至40~60℃,过滤即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂的制备方法,其特征在于,第一次搅拌的时间为0.5~2h至均匀,第二次搅拌的时间为2~4h至均匀。
4.根据权利要求2所述的聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维纺丝油剂的制备方法,其特征在于,过滤时的温度选择在40~60℃之间,通过过滤将杂质和副产物过滤掉。
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