CN112167549A - 一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其卤蛋工序包括:清洗、蒸煮、冷却、剥壳、卤制、烘干、包装、杀菌、水洗冷却、烘干、入库。本发明制备的卤蛋为溏心卤蛋,在常温储存的环境下,保质期长达三个月。口感嫩滑,口味微辣,因为是溏心,其水分及营养成分均没有流失。溏心卤蛋内含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和铁、钙、钾等人体所需要的矿物质,富含DHA和卵磷脂、卵黄素,含有较多的维生素B和其他微量元素。溏心卤蛋能够提供更多的优质蛋白,富含胆碱,可提高记忆力长期食用可补虚损,益精气,润肺补肾,丰富的碳水化合物可以补充大脑消耗的葡萄糖,缓解脑部葡萄糖供养不足而出现的疲惫、易怒、头晕、失眠、夜间出汗、注意力涣散、健忘等症状。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于卤味食品技术领域,特别涉及一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法。
背景技术
鸡蛋也叫鸡卵、鸡子,是母鸡所生的卵。其外有一层硬壳,内则有气室、卵白及卵黄部分。富含胆固醇,营养丰富,一个鸡蛋约重60g,含蛋白质7-8g。蛋白质的氨基酸比例很适合人体生理需要,易被机体吸收,利用率可以达到98%以上,营养价值很高,是人类常食用的食物之一。
卤鸡蛋是一种传统食品,能方便携带。但长时间蒸煮,营养成分流失严重。鸡蛋中妨碍消化吸收的因素主要存在于蛋清中,如生物素结合蛋白、蛋白酶抑制剂等。蛋白酶抑制剂会阻碍人体消化吸收蛋白质,让鸡蛋中的优质蛋白质无法充分被人体利用。但这些妨碍吸收的物质都怕热,在加热过程中这些成分会失活,鸡蛋营养成分人体吸收率就会大大提升。保证蛋壳和蛋清充分杀菌的前提下,蛋黄微微凝固就足够了。鸡蛋的胚体在加工过程中快速定心,形成溏心。这时人体对蛋黄中的营养成分消化吸收率影响并不大,口感也比较好。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,制得的风味营养糖心卤蛋,快速定心,蒸煮时间短,更好地锁住营养成分,致使营养不流失。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:挑选后的鸡蛋用清洗喷头进行冲洗,水温40℃,喷淋压力7MP;
(2)蒸煮、冷却、剥壳:开始蒸煮前,先在蒸煮槽内注入适量水,升温至88-92℃,之后开启自动上蛋机上蛋,在压力为0.2Mpa,温度为120℃的条件下煮制2分钟定心,然后在100℃常压下煮制5分钟;蒸煮后鸡蛋传送至冷却槽冷却,冷却后剥壳;
(3)卤制:在卤水配置槽中注入清水,然后加入泡发好的香菇和柠檬浆酶解液,最后加入香辛料和食盐加热至98℃以上,保温30 min,降温到60℃后,加入步骤(2)剥壳后得到的白煮鸡蛋,维持卤水温度57-63℃卤制3小时;卤水内增加了香菇,香菇固形物中含粗蛋白19.9%,粗脂肪4%,可溶性无氮物质67%,粗纤维7%,灰分3%。香菇中还含有30多种酶和18种氨基酸。人体所必需的8中氨基酸中,香菇就含有7种,因此香菇又成为纠正人体酶缺乏症和补充氨基酸的首选食物;
(4)冷风干燥:卤制结束将鸡蛋捞出,沥去水分,将沥水后的鸡蛋,单层均匀地倒放在冷风干燥传送带上,干燥40分钟,干燥后鸡蛋表面要求干爽,并放在20℃以下环境中包装;
(5)包装、杀菌:采用拉伸膜包装,包装后的卤蛋2个小时内杀菌完毕,杀菌结束冷却至37℃以下。
(6)装箱、入库:成品出杀菌锅后,擦去或热风干燥袋子表面的水滴,装箱。
进一步,所述步骤(2)中高温高压(加压至0.2Mpa,升温到120℃,)。
进一步,所述步骤(2)中冷却水温≤20℃,冷却时间为10-20分钟。
进一步,所述步骤(3)中柠檬浆酶解液的制备方法如下:将新鲜柠檬清洗干净后,切成柠檬片,向柠檬片中添加其质量2倍的水,然后进行打浆30min,得到柠檬浆液,向柠檬浆液中添加复合型防腐剂和复合酶,在常温下搅拌10小时进行酶解,灭酶后得到柠檬浆酶解液。
进一步,所述复合型防腐剂由魔芋粉、乳酸钠、双乙酸钠、葡萄糖-γ-内酯组成,在柠檬浆液中的添加量为魔芋粉20g/kg、乳酸钠0.2g/kg、双乙酸钠0.02g/kg、葡萄糖-γ-内酯0.02g/kg。
魔芋粉、乳酸钠、双乙酸钠、葡萄糖-γ-内酯作为复合型防腐剂加入到卤蛋中,通过不同贮藏期对卤蛋微生物指标的测定与感官分析,研究单一型、复合型防腐剂对卤蛋防腐的效果。结果表明,上述各种抑菌剂单独使用时均不能很好抑制卤蛋中微生物的生长;正交试验结果表明:选择20g/kg魔芋粉、0.2g/kg乳酸钠、0.02g/kg双乙酸钠、0.02g/葡萄糖-γ-内酯作为复配型抑菌剂的最佳添加配比时,能显著地抑制卤蛋中微生物的生长,其抑菌效果优于单一防腐剂的抑菌效果,并且风味更佳。将这一结果应用于生产实践中,能有效延长卤蛋的货架期。
进一步,所述步骤(3)中的复合酶为纤维素酶、果胶酶、红曲霉和酵母菌,按质量比3:1:1:1复配而成,所述复合酶添加量为柠檬浆质量的4%。
进一步,所述步骤(3)中的香辛料采用下述重量份数的组分:辣椒10-12、花椒1-1.5、桂皮0.5-0.8、八角1.5-2、丁香1-1.2、香叶1-1.2、姜片5-5.5、白芷0.5-0.8、当归0.5-0.8、甘草0.5-0.8。
进一步,所述步骤(3)中清水、泡发好的香菇、柠檬酶解液、香辛料和食盐的重量比为100:(3-4):(2-5):(10-20):(5-10)。
进一步,所述步骤(3)中卤水与白煮鸡蛋的重量比为2:1。
进一步,所述步骤(5)中杀菌参数:温度80-90℃,时间15分钟。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供了一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,本发明制备的卤蛋为溏心卤蛋,在常温储存的环境下,保质期长达三个月,口感嫩滑,口味微辣,因为是溏心,其水分及营养成分均没有流失。溏心卤蛋内含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和铁、钙、钾等人体所需要的矿物质,富含DHA和卵磷脂、卵黄素,含有较多的维生素B和其他微量元素。溏心卤蛋能够提供更多的优质蛋白,富含胆碱,可提高记忆力长期食用可补虚损,益精气,润肺补肾,丰富的碳水化合物可以补充大脑消耗的葡萄糖,缓解脑部葡萄糖供养不足而出现的疲惫、易怒、头晕、失眠、夜间出汗、注意力涣散、健忘等症状。
本发明通过高温高压煮制2分钟定心,然后再将熟鸡蛋与卤水混合卤制,能够使鸡蛋在逐渐煮熟的进程中持续的吸收卤汁,鸡蛋更容易着色入味,大大缩短了卤制所需时间,制备的卤鸡蛋风味更佳,相较于将卤汁原料与生鸡蛋同时混合进行蒸煮,卤制时间更短,同时,更能够吸收卤汁中营养来提高卤鸡蛋中的营养价值,能够提高卤鸡蛋的弹嫩口感,同时,添加的香菇及柠檬浆酶解液,能够进一步的提高卤鸡蛋的营养价值,提高其保健效果,并且能够降低卤鸡蛋中亚硝酸盐含量,长期坚持食用,能够大幅度的提高人体免疫力,促进人体新陈代谢,保护心脑血管。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明做进一步说明。应理解,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围,该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述发明的内容作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1
一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:挑选后的鸡蛋用清洗喷头进行冲洗,水温40℃,喷淋压力7MP;
(2)蒸煮、冷却、剥壳:开始蒸煮前,先在蒸煮槽内注入适量水,升温至88℃,之后开启自动上蛋机上蛋,在压力为0.2Mpa,温度为120℃的条件下煮制2分钟定心,然后在100℃常压下煮制5分钟;蒸煮后鸡蛋传送至冷却槽冷却,冷却后剥壳,冷却水温≤20℃,冷却时间为10分钟;
(3)卤制:在卤水配置槽中注入清水,然后加入泡发好的香菇和柠檬浆酶解液,最后加入香辛料和食盐加热至98℃以上,保温30 min得到卤水,降温到60℃后,加入步骤(2)剥壳后得到的白煮鸡蛋,卤水与白煮鸡蛋的重量比为2:1,维持卤水温度57℃卤制3小时;所述清水、泡发好的香菇、柠檬酶解液、香辛料和食盐的重量比为100:3:2:10:5;其中香辛料采用下述重量份数的组分:辣椒10、花椒1.5、桂皮0.5、八角2、丁香1、香叶1.2、姜片5、白芷0.8、当归0.5、甘草0.8;
柠檬浆酶解液的制备方法如下:将新鲜柠檬清洗干净后,切成柠檬片,向柠檬片中添加其质量2倍的水,然后进行打浆30min,得到柠檬浆液,向柠檬浆液中添加复合型防腐剂和复合酶,在常温下搅拌10小时进行酶解,灭酶后得到柠檬浆酶解液;
所述复合型防腐剂由魔芋粉、乳酸钠、双乙酸钠、葡萄糖-γ-内酯组成,在柠檬浆液中的添加量为魔芋粉20g/kg、乳酸钠0.2g/kg、双乙酸钠0.02g/kg、葡萄糖-γ-内酯0.02g/kg;
所述复合酶为纤维素酶、果胶酶、红曲霉和酵母菌,按质量比3:1:1:1复配而成,所述复合酶添加量为柠檬浆质量的4%;
(4)冷风干燥:卤制结束将鸡蛋捞出,沥去水分,将沥水后的鸡蛋,单层均匀地倒放在冷风干燥传送带上,干燥40分钟,干燥后鸡蛋表面要求干爽,并放在20℃以下环境中包装;
(5)包装、杀菌:采用拉伸膜包装,包装后的卤蛋2个小时内杀菌完毕,杀菌参数为温度80℃,时间15分钟,杀菌结束冷却至37℃以下;
(6)装箱、入库:成品出杀菌锅后,擦去或热风干燥袋子表面的水滴,装箱。
实施例2
一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:挑选后的鸡蛋用清洗喷头进行冲洗,水温40℃,喷淋压力7MP;
(2)蒸煮、冷却、剥壳:开始蒸煮前,先在蒸煮槽内注入适量水,升温至88-92℃,之后开启自动上蛋机上蛋,在压力为0.2Mpa,温度为120℃的条件下煮制2分钟定心,然后在100℃常压下煮制5分钟;蒸煮后鸡蛋传送至冷却槽冷却,冷却后剥壳,冷却水温≤20℃,冷却时间为15分钟;
(3)卤制:在卤水配置槽中注入清水,然后加入泡发好的香菇和柠檬浆酶解液,最后加入香辛料和食盐加热至98℃以上,保温30 min得到卤水,降温到60℃后,加入步骤(2)剥壳后得到的白煮鸡蛋,卤水与白煮鸡蛋的重量比为2:1,维持卤水温度60℃卤制3小时;所述清水、泡发好的香菇、柠檬酶解液、香辛料和食盐的重量比为100: 4:5:20:10;其中香辛料采用下述重量份数的组分:辣椒12、花椒1、桂皮0.8、八角1.5、丁香1.2、香叶1、姜片5.5、白芷0.5、当归0.8、甘草0.5;
本实施例的柠檬浆酶解液的制备方法同实施例1;
(4)冷风干燥:卤制结束将鸡蛋捞出,沥去水分,将沥水后的鸡蛋,单层均匀地倒放在冷风干燥传送带上,干燥40分钟,干燥后鸡蛋表面要求干爽,并放在20℃以下环境中包装;
(5)包装、杀菌:采用拉伸膜包装,包装后的卤蛋2个小时内杀菌完毕,杀菌参数为温度85℃,时间15分钟,杀菌结束冷却至37℃以下;
(6)装箱、入库:成品出杀菌锅后,擦去或热风干燥袋子表面的水滴,装箱。
实施例3
一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:挑选后的鸡蛋用清洗喷头进行冲洗,水温40℃,喷淋压力7MP;
(2)蒸煮、冷却、剥壳:开始蒸煮前,先在蒸煮槽内注入适量水,升温至88-92℃,之后开启自动上蛋机上蛋,在压力为0.2Mpa,温度为120℃的条件下煮制2分钟定心,然后在100℃常压下煮制5分钟;蒸煮后鸡蛋传送至冷却槽冷却,冷却后剥壳,冷却水温≤20℃,冷却时间为20分钟;
(3)卤制:在卤水配置槽中注入清水,然后加入泡发好的香菇和柠檬浆酶解液,最后加入香辛料和食盐加热至98℃以上,保温30 min得到卤水,降温到60℃后,加入步骤(2)剥壳后得到的白煮鸡蛋,卤水与白煮鸡蛋的重量比为2:1,维持卤水温度63℃卤制3小时;所述清水、泡发好的香菇、柠檬酶解液、香辛料和食盐的重量比为100:3.5:4:15:8;其中香辛料采用下述重量份数的组分:辣椒11、花椒1.2、桂皮0.6、八角1.8、丁香1.1、香叶1.1、姜片5.2、白芷0.6、当归0.7、甘草0.6;
本实施例的柠檬浆酶解液的制备方法同实施例1;
(4)冷风干燥:卤制结束将鸡蛋捞出,沥去水分,将沥水后的鸡蛋,单层均匀地倒放在冷风干燥传送带上,干燥40分钟,干燥后鸡蛋表面要求干爽,并放在20℃以下环境中包装;
(5)包装、杀菌:采用拉伸膜包装,包装后的卤蛋2个小时内杀菌完毕,杀菌参数为温度90℃,时间15分钟,杀菌结束冷却至37℃以下;
(6)装箱、入库:成品出杀菌锅后,擦去或热风干燥袋子表面的水滴,装箱。
保质期测定
培养条件:
温度40℃±2℃,湿度75%±2%。
将糖心卤蛋样品分别存放于5度、25度、37度三个恒温箱中,5度的样品作为标准样品或对照样品,25度的样品作为模拟货架上的样品,40度的样品作为环境破坏性样品。每隔5天左右对40度条件下的样品进行品评,品评时与5度的样品进行比较。当40度下的样品出现与5度的样品有较大差异或出现不能被接受的差异时,40度条件下的样品停止实验,那末在40度条件下样品存放的时间乘以3得到的时间即为产品的大致保质期。25度条件下的样品继续进行实验,当25度下的样品也出现与5度条件下的样品相比不能接受的差异时,25度条件下的实验也停止,其保存的期限作为产品的实际保质期。
保质期试验应分成三块:
微生物、外观、口感,应分别设计试验来比较。外观主要是发现变色、缩水问题,用40℃与冷藏样来预测缩水问题,50℃与冷藏样来预测变色问题。口感要分是否变得清淡还是浓郁风味,模拟市场销售环境来预测。
卤蛋放入恒温恒湿装置内,每隔10天评价一次(时间间隔根据产品的种类和储存条件不同而定),并与标准样相比较。
评价结果按以下评分:
5,- 产品的所有特征与标准样完全一致
4,5 产品可以接受,但与标准样相比较则有轻微差别
4,- 产品可以接受,但与标准样相比较则有些差别
3,5 产品可以接受,但与标准样相比较则有明显差别
3,- 产品既不能接受,也不能说不能接受
2,5 产品稍微有点不能接受
2,- 产品有点不能接受
1,5 产品很明显地不能接受
1,- 产品完全不能接受
将得到的结果进行平均。数3是可以接受的临界点,如果达到了这个分数就说明产品已到了储存期限了。
加速试验(也就是破坏性实验)采用优选法(又称黄金分割法);或称0.618法来做。糖心卤蛋度40℃±2℃,湿度75%±2%保鲜试验时,60天品评时,出现色泽发乌现象,用60乘0.618的天数,即37天重新做此实验;结果色泽正常,锁水效果不好,包装袋里有渗水现象,则用37天继续乘以0.618,即约23天进行实验,经品评测试,没有变质,效果良好;就用37天减去23天乘以0.618再加上23天,即约31天做此实验取得最佳的实验数据,温度40℃±2℃,湿度75%±2%.环境下,卤蛋外观、风味都没有变化,从而确定出卤蛋在温度40℃±2℃,湿度75%±2%.实际保鲜数据。
在给定的条件下,产品质量的衰退与时间成反比例。温差为10°C的两个任意温度下的储存期的比率Q10=温度为T时的储存期 / 温度为(T+10°C)时的储存期,对储存期有极大的影响。得出卤蛋在常温下可以放置120天不变质,加上安全系数考虑,保质期确定为3个月。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征以及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (9)
1.一种风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:挑选后的鸡蛋用清洗喷头进行冲洗,水温40℃,喷淋压力7MP;
(2)蒸煮、冷却、剥壳:开始蒸煮前,先在蒸煮槽内注入适量水,升温至88-92℃,之后开启自动上蛋机上蛋,在压力为0.2Mpa,温度为120℃的条件下煮制2分钟定心,然后在100℃常压下煮制5分钟;蒸煮后鸡蛋传送至冷却槽冷却,冷却后剥壳;
(3)卤制:在卤水配置槽中注入清水,然后加入泡发好的香菇和柠檬浆酶解液,最后加入香辛料和食盐加热至98℃以上,保温30 min得到卤水,降温到60℃后,加入步骤(2)剥壳后得到的白煮鸡蛋,维持卤水温度57-63℃卤制3小时;
(4)冷风干燥:卤制结束将鸡蛋捞出,沥去水分,将沥水后的鸡蛋,单层均匀地倒放在冷风干燥传送带上,干燥40分钟,干燥后鸡蛋表面要求干爽,并放在20℃以下环境中包装;
(5)包装、杀菌:采用拉伸膜包装,包装后的卤蛋2个小时内杀菌完毕,杀菌结束冷却至37℃以下;
(6)装箱、入库:成品出杀菌锅后,擦去或热风干燥袋子表面的水滴,装箱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中冷却水温≤20℃,冷却时间为10-20分钟。
3.根据权利要求1所述的风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中柠檬浆酶解液的制备方法如下:将新鲜柠檬清洗干净后,切成柠檬片,向柠檬片中添加其质量2倍的水,然后进行打浆30min,得到柠檬浆液,向柠檬浆液中添加复合型防腐剂和复合酶,在常温下搅拌10小时进行酶解,灭酶后得到柠檬浆酶解液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于:所述复合型防腐剂由魔芋粉、乳酸钠、双乙酸钠、葡萄糖-γ-内酯组成,在柠檬浆液中的添加量为魔芋粉20g/kg、乳酸钠0.2g/kg、双乙酸钠0.02g/kg、葡萄糖-γ-内酯0.02g/kg。
5.根据权利要求4所述的风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中的复合酶为纤维素酶、果胶酶、红曲霉和酵母菌,按质量比3:1:1:1复配而成,所述复合酶添加量为柠檬浆质量的4%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中的香辛料采用下述重量份数的组分:辣椒10-12、花椒1-1.5、桂皮0.5-0.8、八角1.5-2、丁香1-1.2、香叶1-1.2、姜片5-5.5、白芷0.5-0.8、当归0.5-0.8、甘草0.5-0.8。
7.根据权利要求1所述的风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中清水、泡发好的香菇、柠檬酶解液、香辛料和食盐的重量比为100:(3-4):(2-5):(10-20):(5-10)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中卤水与白煮鸡蛋的重量比为2:1。
9.根据权利要求1所述的风味营养溏心卤蛋的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中杀菌参数:温度80-90℃,时间15分钟。
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