CN112106644B - Dendrobium officinale hybrid variety breeding and wild-imitating planting method - Google Patents
Dendrobium officinale hybrid variety breeding and wild-imitating planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112106644B CN112106644B CN202010808598.2A CN202010808598A CN112106644B CN 112106644 B CN112106644 B CN 112106644B CN 202010808598 A CN202010808598 A CN 202010808598A CN 112106644 B CN112106644 B CN 112106644B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding hybrid varieties of dendrobium officinale and imitating wild planting, which is characterized in that dendrobium officinale with soft legs and red stems is used as a female parent, and dendrobium officinale with hard legs and red stems is used as a male parent for artificial pollination and hybridization, dendrobium seedlings with good disease resistance and high yield and suitable for being planted in high altitude areas are bred, and a dendrobium medicinal material with high yield and high quality can be bred through a scientific imitating wild planting mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dendrobium planting, in particular to a dendrobium officinale hybrid variety breeding and wild-imitating planting method.
Background
The dendrobium officinale has upright stems, is cylindrical, has a length of 9-35 cm and a thickness of 2-4 mm, does not branch and has multiple sections; the second row of leaves, paper, long round and needle-shaped, the edge and middle rib are often purplish. Wild dendrobium officinale is grown on mountainous semi-yin-wet rocks with the altitude of 1600 meters. Mainly distributed in Anhui, zhejiang and Fujian provinces of China. The stem of the Chinese medicinal herb is used as a medicine, and belongs to yin tonifying medicines in tonifying medicines: to nourish stomach, promote the production of body fluid, nourish yin and clear heat. Along with the improvement of living standard of people, the demand for health preservation and body building is greatly increased, and the market of health preservation products is good. Therefore, the dendrobium officinale planting method has good market prospect.
The wild dendrobium officinale has high medicinal value but rare resources and only grows on the cliff. At present, the artificially cultured dendrobium officinale is planted in a greenhouse, and beneficial components and medicinal value are low due to the lack of pottery fumigation and nourishing in the natural environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the difficulties in the background art, improve the beneficial components and medicinal value of artificially cultured dendrobium officinale, and provide a method for breeding hybrid dendrobium officinale and imitating wild planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:
a method for breeding a hybrid variety of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
1.1 Carrying out hybrid pollination, namely selecting red-stem soft-foot dendrobium officinale as a female parent and cultivating the female parent at a position with the altitude of 1000-1300 m; when the flowering period comes, pollen of the dendrobium candidum with the hard red stems and the dendrobium candidum serving as male parents is respectively collected and pollinated to the female parents;
1.2 Tissue culture breeding, after hybridization, picking the female parent red-stem soft-foot dendrobium officinale when fruits are mature, cleaning and cutting, taking out seeds and inoculating the seeds to a breeding culture medium, wherein the seeds form bulbs and seedlings after germination;
1.3 Tissue culture seedling culture, namely inoculating seedlings with the germinated and grown seeds to a seedling culture medium to ensure that the seedlings grow and develop completely;
1.4 Hardening and transplanting seedlings, moving the seedlings to the outdoor for 10 days when the tissue culture seedlings grow to 5 cm, and then transplanting the seedlings to the field for cultivation.
Further, in the step 1.1-1.4, the two male parent varieties are hybridized, cultivated and distinguished, and the marking and distinguishing are carried out during hardening seedling and transplanting.
Further, the breeding medium is: MS +6-BA 1.0-4.0 mg/L + ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O0.2～0.4mg/L+H 3 BO 3 0.05-0.07 mg/L, 2-3 mg/L of glycine, 20-50 mg/L of inositol, 0.3-0.4 mg/L of nicotinic acid, 3% of white sugar, 5g/L of agar powder and pH 5.5-5.8.
Further, the seedling culture medium is as follows: MS +2,4-D4.0mg/L + KT 0.05-0.08 mg/L + glycine 3-5 mg/L + inositol 30-60 mg/L + nicotinic acid 0.2-0.3 mg/L + white sugar 4% + agar powder 6g/L, and pH 5.5-5.8.
Further, the wild-imitating planting method for breeding the dendrobium officinale hybrid variety comprises the following steps: 2.1 Selecting a forest land or a valley with the altitude of 1000-1300 m, and removing weeds and small miscellaneous trees; 2.2 Building a soil table with the length of 2-3 meters, the width of 0.5-0.8 meter, the height of 0.3-0.5 meter and the interval of 1.5-2 meters on the ground, placing ceramic granules on the surface of the soil table, filling the ceramic granules with fine stone powder, and placing a layer of mixture of wood chips, barks and sawdust surfaces on the ceramic granules; fully wetting the surface of the soil platform, transplanting a layer of moss, and finally planting dendrobium on the moss;
2.3 Setting wooden columns with bark and with height of 1-2 m, diameter of 15-20 cm and interval of 0.5-0.8 m between the soil platforms in the step 2.2), wrapping the mixture of wood dust, bark and sawdust outside the wooden columns by cloth, binding and fixing moss on the outermost layer by a straw rope, fully wetting the wooden columns, and finally planting dendrobium on the moss;
2.4 Planting management, keeping soil platforms and wood columns in a wet state, and regularly spraying liquid fertilizer and nutrient solution;
2.5 Harvesting, wherein the plants can be harvested 3-5 years after planting, and can be replanted after 5 years by replacing the vegetation.
Furthermore, the diameter of the ceramsite is 2.1-2.5 cm, the ceramsite is a round or oval sphere, and the inside of the ceramsite is of a fine honeycomb microporous structure.
Further, the mass ratio of the wood chips, the barks and the sawdust is 1:1:2.5 and the thickness is 2.5-3 cm.
Further, in the step 2.3), the roots of the dendrobium seedlings are fixed through grass ropes.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme does: the hybrid variety breeding and wild-imitating planting method for the dendrobium officinale comprises the steps of taking red-stem soft-foot dendrobium officinale as a female parent and taking red-stem hard-foot dendrobium officinale and yellow grass dendrobium officinale as male parents for artificial pollination and hybridization, breeding dendrobium seedlings which are good in disease resistance, high in yield and suitable for being planted in high-altitude areas, and then cultivating high-yield and high-quality dendrobium medicinal materials in a scientific wild-imitating planting mode.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for breeding a hybrid variety of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
1.1 Performing hybrid pollination, namely selecting red-stem soft-foot dendrobium officinale as a female parent and cultivating at a position with the altitude of 1000-1300 m; when the flowering period comes, pollen of the dendrobium candidum with the hard red stems and the dendrobium candidum serving as male parents is collected and pollinated to the female parents. The florescence of the red-stem soft-foot dendrobium officinale, the florescence of the red-stem hard-foot dendrobium officinale and the florescence of the yellow grass dendrobium officinale are close, pollen hybridization is convenient to implement, and the hybridization cultivation and distinguishing of the two male parent varieties are respectively carried out for marking and distinguishing. Through multiple tests, the fruit setting rate of the hybrid of the red-stem soft-foot dendrobium officinale and the red-stem hard-foot dendrobium officinale of the inventor is 95% -99%, the maturing rate is 86% -91%, and the success rate of hybrid breeding is greatly improved.
1.2 Tissue culture breeding, after hybridization, picking the female parent red-stem soft-foot dendrobium officinale when the fruit is mature, cleaning and cutting, taking out the seed and inoculating the seed to a breeding culture medium, and forming corms and seedlings after the seed germinates. The breeding culture medium is as follows: 1.0-4.0 mg/L of MS +6-BA + ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O0.2～0.4mg/L+H 3 BO 3 0.05-0.07 mg/L, 2-3 mg/L of glycine, 20-50 mg/L of inositol, 0.3-0.4 mg/L of nicotinic acid, 3% of white sugar, 5g/L of agar powder and pH 5.5-5.8.
The method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of: MS + NAA1.5mg/L +6-BA0.5mg/L, compared with the breeding medium for breeding the hybrid dendrobium, the germination rate of the dendrobium tissue culture breeding can be improved from 70-80% to 85-89%, and the seedling yield of the seedlings is greatly improved.
1.3 Tissue culture seedling culture, inoculating the seedling with germinated seed to seedling culture medium to make it root, grow and develop completely. The seedling culture medium comprises: MS +2,4-D4.0mg/L + KT 0.05-0.08 mg/L + glycine 3-5 mg/L + inositol 30-60 mg/L + nicotinic acid 0.2-0.3 mg/L + white sugar 4% + agar powder 6g/L, and pH 5.5-5.8.
The method comprises the following steps of: 1/2MS + NAA2.0mg/L +6-BA1.0mg/L + IBA1.5mg/L, compared with the tissue culture seedling culture medium for breeding the hybrid dendrobium nobile, the tissue culture seedling culture medium can improve the survival rate of seedling culture by 5-8% and improve the quality and period of seedling culture.
1.4 Hardening and transplanting seedlings, moving the seedlings to the outdoor for 10 days when the tissue culture seedlings grow to 5 cm, and then transplanting the seedlings to the field for cultivation. During transplanting, roots of the seedlings are cleaned and transplanted into a culture medium, ventilation and wetting are kept, and the transplanting survival rate can reach 94-99%.
Example 2:
the wild-imitating planting method for breeding the dendrobium officinale hybrid variety comprises the following steps:
2.1 Selecting a forest land or a valley with the altitude of 1000-1300 m, and removing weeds and small miscellaneous trees;
2.2 Building a soil table with the length of 2-3 meters, the width of 0.5-0.8 meter, the height of 0.3-0.5 meter and the interval of 1.5-2 meters on the ground, placing ceramic granules on the surface of the soil table, filling the ceramic granules with fine stone powder, and placing a layer of mixture of wood chips, barks and sawdust surfaces on the ceramic granules; the mass ratio of the wood chips, the barks and the sawdust surfaces is 1:1:2.5, and the thickness is 2.5-3 cm. And fully wetting the surface of the soil platform, transplanting a layer of moss, and finally planting dendrobium on the moss. The diameter of the ceramsite is 2.1-2.5 cm, the ceramsite is a round or oval sphere, and the inside of the ceramsite is of a fine honeycomb microporous structure. The ceramsite is commonly used for soilless culture, has the characteristics of water absorption and air permeability, can keep vegetation wet and has good air permeability.
2.3 Stumpage bionic vegetation, namely, arranging bark-carrying wood columns with the height of 1-2 meters, the diameter of 15-20 centimeters and the interval of 0.5-0.8 meter between the soil tables in the step 2.2), wrapping mixture of wood chips, barks and sawdust surfaces outside the wood columns by cloth, binding and fixing moss on the outermost layer by a straw rope, fully wetting the wood columns, and finally planting dendrobe on the moss; the mass ratio of the wood chips, the barks and the sawdust surfaces is 1:1:2.5, and the thickness is 2.5-3 cm. The roots of the dendrobium seedlings are fixed through grass ropes.
2.4 Plant management, keeping the soil platform and the wood column in a wet state, and regularly spraying liquid fertilizer and nutrient solution; 2.5 Harvesting, wherein the plants can be harvested 3-5 years after planting, and can be replanted after 5 years by replacing the vegetation.
The hybrid breeding method for dendrobium nobile has the characteristics of good disease resistance, high yield and suitability for planting in high-altitude areas, and has outstanding progress in average fresh weight and cultivation survival rate.
| Average fresh weight | Survival rate of local cultivation | |
| Hybrid breeding of dendrobium | 4-6 g | 97-98％ |
| Herba Dendrobii | 2-3 g | 90-95％ |
| Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo with red stems and soft feet | 3-5 g | 75-85％ |
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A method for breeding a hybrid variety of dendrobium officinale, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1.1 Carrying out hybrid pollination, namely selecting red-stem soft-foot dendrobium officinale as a female parent and cultivating the female parent at a position with the altitude of 1000-1300 m; when the flowering period comes, pollen of the dendrobium candidum with the hard red stems and the dendrobium candidum serving as male parents is respectively collected and pollinated to the female parents;
1.2 Tissue culture breeding, after hybridization, picking the female parent red-stem soft-foot dendrobium officinale when fruits are mature, cleaning and cutting, taking out seeds and inoculating the seeds to a breeding culture medium, wherein the seeds form bulbs and seedlings after germination;
1.3 Tissue culture seedling culture, namely inoculating seedlings with the germinated and grown seeds to a seedling culture medium to ensure that the seedlings grow and develop completely;
1.4 Hardening and transplanting seedlings, moving the seedlings to outdoor for 10 days when the tissue culture seedlings grow to 5 cm, and then transplanting the seedlings to field culture;
in the step 1.1) -1.4), the two male parent varieties are subjected to hybridization cultivation and distinguishing, and marking and distinguishing are carried out during hardening-seedling transplanting;
the breeding culture medium is as follows: 1.0-4.0 mg/L of MS +6-BA + ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O0.2~0.4mg/L+H 3 BO 3 0.05 to 0.07mg/L + glycine 2 to 3mg/L + inositol 20 to 50mg/L + nicotinic acid 0.3 to 0.4mg/L + white sugar 3% + agar powder 5g/L, and the pH value is 5.5 to 5.8;
the seedling culture medium comprises: MS +2,4-D4.0mg/L + KT 0.05 to 0.08mg/L + glycine 3 to 5mg/L + inositol 30 to 60mg/L + nicotinic acid 0.2 to 0.3mg/L + white sugar 4% + agar powder 6g/L, and the pH value is 5.5-5.8.
2. The wild-imitating planting method of the dendrobium officinale hybrid variety according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
2.1 Selecting a forest land or a valley with the altitude of 1000-1300 m, and removing weeds and small miscellaneous trees;
2.2 Building a soil table with the length of 2-3 meters, the width of 0.5-0.8 meter, the height of 0.3-0.5 meter and the interval of 1.5-2 meters on the ground, placing ceramic granules on the surface of the soil table, filling the ceramic granules with fine stone powder, and placing a layer of mixture of wood chips, barks and sawdust surfaces on the ceramic granules; fully wetting the surface of the soil platform, transplanting a layer of moss, and finally planting dendrobium on the moss;
2.3 Setting wooden columns with bark and with height of 1-2 m, diameter of 15-20 cm and interval of 0.5-0.8 m between the soil platforms in the step 2.2), wrapping the mixture of wood dust, bark and sawdust outside the wooden columns by cloth, binding and fixing moss on the outermost layer by a straw rope, fully wetting the wooden columns, and finally planting dendrobium on the moss;
2.4 Plant management, keeping the soil platform and the wood column in a wet state, and regularly spraying liquid fertilizer and nutrient solution;
2.5 Harvesting, wherein the plants can be harvested 3-5 years after planting, and can be replanted after 5 years by replacing the vegetation.
3. The wild-like planting method of the dendrobium officinale hybrid variety according to claim 2, wherein the ceramsite is 2.1-2.5 cm in diameter, is in the shape of a circular or oval sphere, and has a fine honeycomb-shaped micropore structure inside.
4. The wild-imitating planting method for the dendrobium officinale hybrid variety according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the wood chips, the bark and the sawdust is 1:1:2.5, and the thickness is 2.5-3 cm.
5. The wild-imitating planting method of the dendrobium officinale hybrid variety according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2.3), the roots of dendrobium officinale seedlings are fixed through straw ropes.
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| CN115943862B (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2024-07-09 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Remote preservation method of endangered dendrobium germplasm resources |
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| CN107912300A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-04-17 | 容县明曦铁皮石斛种植场 | A kind of purple dendrobium method for tissue culture |
| CN108887174A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-27 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | A kind of method of the red bar dendrobium candidum purifying strain of quickly breeding red autumnal leaves |
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| CN101461328B (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2011-03-23 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | High-efficient propagation method of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale |
| CN102388797B (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-06-26 | 玉林市林业科学研究所 | Cross breeding method for Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo |
| CN103314861B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-09-23 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of dendrobium in vitro cross breeding method |
| CN105918084A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-09-07 | 广西智宝科技有限公司 | Wild-imitating planting substrate for dendrobium huoshanense and preparation method for wild-imitating planting substrate |
| CN107810852A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-20 | 容县明曦铁皮石斛种植场 | A kind of Dendrobium Chrysotoxum Lindl method for tissue culture |
| CN110915635A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-27 | 锦屏贵枫堂生态农业开发有限公司 | Wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale |
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| CN107912300A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-04-17 | 容县明曦铁皮石斛种植场 | A kind of purple dendrobium method for tissue culture |
| CN108887174A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-27 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | A kind of method of the red bar dendrobium candidum purifying strain of quickly breeding red autumnal leaves |
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