CN112076205A - 黄精多糖在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用 - Google Patents
黄精多糖在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医药领域,涉及黄精多糖在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用,具体涉及黄精多糖在制备抑制炎性因子的释放、调控菌群失调修复肠粘膜屏障损伤的药物中的应用。本发明通过调节中性粒细胞髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性以降低炎症因子IL‑6、TNF‑α的产生及升高抗炎因子IL‑10的表达,抑制炎症表达,并通过改善肠屏障以改善结肠炎症,以期探索黄精多糖在溃疡性结肠炎治疗中的潜在应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,涉及黄精多糖在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用,具体涉及黄精多糖在制备抑制炎性因子的释放、调控菌群失调修复肠粘膜屏障损伤的药物中的应用。
背景技术
溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative Colitis,UC)是一种病因未明的慢性非特异性肠道炎性疾病,该病具有慢性进展、病程长、反复发作等特点,以肠道局部炎性细胞浸润、杯状细胞消失及可溶性炎症介质聚集为病理特征[1]。目前缺乏有效治疗方法,被WHO列为难治性疾病之一。近20年在中国的发病率和患病率持续增高,并与结肠癌的发生密切相关,UC的治疗已经成为临床的棘手问题[2]。虽然糖皮质激素、水杨酸制剂及免疫抑制剂的应用能够缓解症状,但是效果不甚满意,而且长期应用会带来严重的不良反应[3]。随着UC基础研究的进展,治疗的着眼点聚焦在针对发病机制的重要环节。肠黏膜屏障功能异常是UC发病的重要环节,同时肠屏障功能改善也是UC治疗所追求的目标之一[4]。肠外排转运体P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)表达缺陷导致肠黏膜屏障功能受损,受到失调的肠道菌群及其代谢物侵袭,诱发了类似UC的结肠炎[5]。
近年来,中药多糖作为中药的主要活性成分之一而备受关注[6],中药多糖能通过抗炎、降低肠道的过度免疫反应以及调节肠道微生态失调等,发挥治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用。作为一种传统的药食同源性植物,黄精品种繁多,分布广泛,具有上千年的药用食用历史,具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抑菌、抗衰老以及降血糖降血脂等作用。黄精多糖(Polygonatumcyrtonema Hua polysaccharides,PCP)是黄精最主要的有效成分[7],现代药理学研究证明,黄精多糖具有抗衰老、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、防动脉硬化、抗菌、提高机体免疫力等多种药理作用。目前为止,黄精多糖在肠道疾病的防治优势并未得到充分利用。
参考文献:
[1]Ingrid Ordás 1,Lars Eckmann,Mark Talamini,Daniel C Baumgart,William J Sandborn.Ulcerative colitis.Lancet.2012 Nov 3;380(9853):1606-19.
[2]Bopanna S,Ananthakrishnan AN,Kedia S,Yajnik V,Ahuja V.Risk ofcolorectal cancer in Asian patients with ulcerative colitis:a systematicreview and meta-analysis.Lancet.Gastroenterol.Hepatol.2017;2(4):269-276.
[3]冯文林,伍海涛.中药多糖治疗溃疡性结肠炎作用机制的研究进展[J].辽宁中医杂志,2019,46(4):878-882.
[4]Sánchez d M F,Romerocalvo I,Mascaraque C,et al.Intestinalinflammation and mucosal barrier function..Inflammatory Bowel Diseases,2014,20(12):2394-2404.
[5]ZhangY J,Xu J J,Wang P,et al.Multidrug resistance gene and itsrelationship to ulcerative colitis and immune status of ulcerativecolitis.Genetics&Molecular Research Gmr,2014,13(4):10837.
[6]燕玉奎,郭玫,王志旺,等中药多糖治疗溃疡性结肠炎的实验研究进展[J].甘肃科技,2019,35(13):119-122.
[7]卜红南.黄精多糖的提取及其免疫活性研究[J].实用医药杂志,2017(1):48-51.
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种黄精多糖在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用,具体是黄精多糖在制备抑制炎性因子的释放、调控菌群失调修复肠粘膜屏障损伤的药物中的应用。
本发明的实现过程如下:
黄精多糖在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用。
黄精多糖在制备抑制炎症因子的释放、调控菌群失调修复肠粘膜屏障损伤的药物中的应用。
进一步,所述的药物为通过调节中性粒细胞髓过氧化物酶活性以降低炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的产生及升高抗炎因子IL-10的表达,抑制炎症表达,从而实现治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物。
进一步,所述的药物为通过调节肠道菌群代谢,进而提高P-糖蛋白的表达,从而实现肠黏膜屏障功能的修复的药物。
进一步,所述的药物在增加结肠炎小鼠的体重、结肠长度,改善结肠炎小鼠的便血情况、粪便形态,改善肠炎小鼠的结肠病理结构中的应用。
一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物,由黄精多糖及药学上可接受的药用辅料制成。
本发明所述黄精多糖在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物方面的原理:
本发明从中药黄精中提取的主要有效成分黄精多糖,可以抑制溃疡性结肠炎炎性因子的释放,具体表现在TNF-α、Cox-2、NF-κB、INOS等的释放减少;黄精多糖可以改善肠粘膜屏障的修复,具体表现指标为ZO-1、Occludin、Claudin-1蛋白表达的变化;黄精多糖还可以调节肠道菌群代谢,进而提高P-糖蛋白的表达。经过实验验证,黄精多糖能够降低炎症性肠病,尤其是溃疡性结肠炎因子表达,改善肠粘膜屏障的修复,调节肠道菌群代谢,进而提高P-糖蛋白的表达,提高肠黏膜屏障功能。
本发明的积极效果:
(1)本发明从中药黄精中经水煮醇沉提取的总多糖成分,或进一步将总多糖成分经凝胶过滤色谱,或离子交换色谱分离纯化获得的不同黄精多糖组分,通过调节中性粒细胞髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性以降低炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的产生及升高抗炎因子IL-10的表达,抑制炎症表达,并通过改善肠屏障以改善结肠炎症,以期探索黄精多糖在溃疡性结肠炎治疗中的潜在应用。
(2)本发明提供了黄精多糖在防治溃疡性结肠炎中的应用,黄精多糖能增加结肠炎小鼠的体重、结肠长度,改善结肠炎小鼠的便血情况、粪便形态,改善肠炎小鼠的结肠病理结构,可作为防治溃疡性结肠炎的潜在药物,为临床提供一种新的用药选择。
附图说明
图1为黄精多糖对小鼠结肠长度的影响,a为正常组、b为模型组、c为给药低剂量组、d为给药高剂量组、e为阳性对照组;
图2为黄精多糖对抑制小鼠脾脏肿大的影响,a为正常组、b为模型组、c为给药低剂量组、d为给药高剂量组、e为阳性对照组;
图3为黄精多糖对结肠组织中MPO活性的影响,a为正常组、b为模型组、c为给药低剂量组、d为给药高剂量组、e为阳性对照组;
图4为黄精多糖对结肠肠道形态的影响(HE染色),a为正常组、b为模型组、c为给药低剂量组、d为给药高剂量组、e为阳性对照组;
图5为黄精多糖对结肠组织中炎症因子TNF-α表达的影响,a为正常组、b为模型组、c为给药低剂量组、d为给药高剂量组、e为阳性对照组;
图6为黄精多糖对结肠组织中炎症因子IL-6表达的影响,a为正常组、b为模型组、c为给药低剂量组、d为给药高剂量组、e为阳性对照组;
图7为黄精多糖对结肠组织中抗炎因子IL-10表达的影响,a为正常组、b为模型组、c为给药低剂量组、d为给药高剂量组、e为阳性对照组。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
本发明主要提供黄精多糖在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用,尤其是黄精多糖在制备抑制炎症因子的释放、调控菌群失调修复肠粘膜屏障损伤的药物中的应用。含黄精多糖的药物为通过调节中性粒细胞髓过氧化物酶活性以降低炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的产生及升高抗炎因子IL-10的表达,抑制炎症表达,从而实现治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物。所述的药物为通过调节肠道菌群代谢,进而提高P-糖蛋白的表达,从而实现肠黏膜屏障功能的修复的药物。所述的药物在增加结肠炎小鼠的体重、结肠长度,改善结肠炎小鼠的便血情况、粪便形态,改善肠炎小鼠的结肠病理结构中的应用。本发明还可以将黄精多糖及药学上可接受的药用辅料制成治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物。
本发明实验动物为SPF级雄性C57小鼠(20±2g)40只,购自空军军医大学动物中心。在温度为23±2℃、湿度为50±5%的条件下,小鼠将适应新条件7天。
本发明造模药物为DSS葡聚糖硫酸钠,购自MP公司,其分子量为36,000–50,000。
实验流程:
将40只C57小鼠随机分为正常组(记作a)、模型组(记作b)、给药低剂量组(记作c)、给药高剂量组(记作d)、阳性对照组(5氨基水杨酸,5-ASA,记作e)。环境适应一周后,将购买的黄精多糖(厂家为上海英索生物科技中心)溶解于蒸馏水中,与给药低剂量组、给药高剂量组小鼠分别按10,40mg/kg体重灌胃给药,正常组和模型组予以蒸馏水灌胃。3天后,以蒸馏水将DSS配制成2.5%的溶液,替换模型组、给药低剂量组、给药中剂量组、给药高剂量组小鼠原饮用水,进行造模,连续7天,正常组给与正常饮用水。造模期间,给药低剂量组、给药高剂量组小鼠按10,20,40mg/kg体重灌胃黄精多糖,正常组和模型组予以蒸馏水灌胃。
从给药第一天开始,每日定点定时记录小鼠体重、粪便形态、粪便带血情况,并按参考文献标准(Wirtz,S.,Neufert,C.,Weigmann,B.and Neurath,M.F.,2007.Chemicallyinduced mouse models of intestinal inflammation.Natureprotocols,2(3),p.541)对粪便形态、粪便带血情况进行打分。粪便形态:正常,0分;软而成型,1分;非常软,2分;腹泻,3分。便血情况:便中无血,0分;便中隐血,1分;便中明显见血,2分;腹泻样便血而染及肛门,3分。给药7天后,将小鼠脱颈处死,取出结肠,以直尺量取结肠长度,生理盐水去除结肠中粪便,多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,切成4μm切片,HE染色,在光学显微镜观察肠组织的病理变化。
结肠的长度是衡量结肠炎程度的重要因素,结肠炎程度越重结肠长度越短,反之结肠炎程度越轻结肠长度越长。图1是黄精多糖对结肠长度的影响。从图1可以看出,与正常组(记作a)相比,模型组(记作b)结肠长度明显缩短,模型成立;与模型组(记作b)相比,黄精多糖低、高剂量对DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎有治疗效果,而且效果与阳性对照药5-氨基水杨酸相当,具有统计学意义。
图2是黄精多糖对脾脏的影响。脾脏是外周最大的免疫器官,受各种炎性细胞浸润导致的充血肿大。从图2可以看出,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠脾脏明显肿大;与模型组相比,黄精多糖与阳性对照药5-氨基水杨酸能够抑制小鼠脾脏肿大,说明黄精多糖可以抑制溃疡性结肠炎炎性细胞的浸润,具有统计学意义。
图3是结肠组织中MPO活性测定。MPO是存在于中性粒细胞中的一种氧化酶,结肠炎症越严重,则MPO的量越高。从图3可以看出,与正常组相比,模型组MPO活性明显增强;与模型组相比,黄精多糖能够明显降低MPO活性,这表明,黄精多糖可以保护DSS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎,具有统计学意义。
图4是黄精多糖对结肠肠道形态的影响。从图4可以看出,通过HE染色来对肠道组织情况进行评估,结果表明,正常组肠粘膜上皮细胞完整,肠线形状正常且肠道细胞未出现炎性浸润和损伤,肠道组织良好。模型组出现明显的肠壁增厚,固有层内存在大面积中性粒细胞浸润,肠绒毛不规则,局部绒毛和肠线消失,绒毛上皮细胞大面积坏死、脱落,肠腔可见坏死上皮细胞以及坏死组织和炎性细胞浸润,炎性状态明显。而在黄精多糖给药低剂量组、给药高剂量组和阳性对照组中,可见肠壁水肿转为轻度,肠绒毛上皮完整,中性粒细胞浸润明显缓解,炎性程度减轻,说明黄精多糖对肠道发挥保护作用。
从图5-7可以看出,TNF-α、IL-6是重要的炎症相关因子,在DSS诱导的炎症中表达量上升。与正常组相比,模型组结肠组织中的TNF-α、IL-6明显升高。然而,黄精多糖给药低剂量组、给药高剂量组和5-氨基水杨酸阳性对照组可显著降低这些炎症因子的表达水平。IL-10重要的抗炎相关因子,与正常组相比,模型组结肠组织中的抗炎因子IL-10明显降低;黄精多糖给药低剂量组、给药高剂量组和5-氨基水杨酸阳性对照组可显著升高抗炎因子IL-10因子的表达水平。
上述数据表明,黄精多糖可以保护DSS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎。此外,黄精多糖及药学上可接受的药用辅料可以制成用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物。由于常用的药用辅料较多,本发明不再一一列举。
本发明中所使用的黄精多糖为购买所得,厂家为上海英索生物科技中心。该黄精多糖的分析提取、分级沉淀、结构分析如下:
(1)黄精多糖分析提取:
取多花黄精粉,用石油醚于80℃回流脱脂24h,回收石油醚,药渣挥干溶剂;取去脂黄精粉30g,第一步:加入600mL的蒸馏水80℃提取4h,过滤得滤液,浓缩至原体积的1/6,然后用4倍体积的乙醇醇沉,静置24h后离心得沉淀,冷冻干燥得多花黄精多糖样品PCP1;第二步:取第一步中的滤渣,加入0.1%NaOH溶液80℃提取4h(料液比1:20,g:v),过滤得滤液,浓缩至原体积的1/6,用2M的HCl调节至中性,然后用4倍无水乙醇醇沉,静置24h后离心得沉淀,冷冻干燥得PCP2;第三、四、五步同二步,分别采用上一步的滤渣,用0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的NaOH溶液提取(料液比1:20),得多花黄精多糖样品PCP3、PCP4、PCP5。
(2)黄精多糖分级沉淀:
取黄精粉,用石油醚于60~90℃回流脱脂24h,回收石油醚,药渣挥干溶剂;取去脂黄精粉,第一步:以20mL/g的蒸馏水80℃提取4h(料液比1:20,g:v),过滤得滤液,浓缩至原体积的1/6;分成4份,分别加乙醇沉淀至醇含量为60%、70%、80%、90%,静置过夜,分别用无水乙醇、丙酮、乙醚洗数次,收集沉淀,真空干燥,分别得到黄精粗多糖P60、P70、P80和P90。
(3)黄精多糖结构分析
用热水和进一步碱液提取多花黄精,通过水提和进一步碱提得到的5个多糖样品(PCP1、PCP2、PCP3、PCP4和PCP5),红外光谱结果显示它们都是含有吡喃环的酸性多糖,具有糖类物质的典型吸收峰,在单糖相对含量上呈现出了显著的差异;与水提的样品相比,进一步碱提得到的样品又提取得到大分子量的多糖,以致于分子量分布不均匀,分散系数较大,热稳定性较差,并且提取时碱液浓度越高,热稳定性越差。
不同种浓度的乙醇沉淀得到的4种多糖样品(P60、P70、P80和P90)在其结构特征和物理性质方面具有一定的差异性。这4种多糖样品都具有糖类物质的典型吸收峰并且所含单糖种类相同,但其含量不同;与P60和P70样品相比,P80和P90含有较低的分子量片段和较窄的分散系数;结合进一步热稳定性分析,由于P60和P70具有较高的分散系数及不均匀的分子量分布范围,P80和P90具有更好的热稳定性。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
Claims (6)
1.黄精多糖在制备治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:黄精多糖在制备抑制炎症因子的释放、调控菌群失调修复肠粘膜屏障损伤的药物中的应用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的药物为通过调节中性粒细胞髓过氧化物酶活性以降低炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的产生及升高抗炎因子IL-10的表达,抑制炎症表达,从而实现治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的药物为通过调节肠道菌群代谢,进而提高P-糖蛋白的表达,从而实现肠黏膜屏障功能的修复的药物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的药物在增加结肠炎小鼠的体重、结肠长度,改善结肠炎小鼠的便血情况、粪便形态,改善肠炎小鼠的结肠病理结构中的应用。
6.一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物,其特征在于:由黄精多糖及药学上可接受的药用辅料制成。
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