CN112075227A - High-efficiency rapid citrus cutting and grafting method - Google Patents
High-efficiency rapid citrus cutting and grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112075227A CN112075227A CN202011028971.9A CN202011028971A CN112075227A CN 112075227 A CN112075227 A CN 112075227A CN 202011028971 A CN202011028971 A CN 202011028971A CN 112075227 A CN112075227 A CN 112075227A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency rapid citrus cutting and grafting method, which comprises the steps of firstly, grabbing a seedling stock culture pipe to culture high-quality and strong stock seedlings; then, by adopting the single-bud grass-bundling-free cutting grafting, the indoor and outdoor cutting, the branch grafting and the root grafting which are carried out simultaneously, the 2-knife 1-ear rapid cutting method, the cooperative operation of cutting the stock by using an indoor cutting anvil device and the three-person assembly line operation, and the management after the cutting grafting is enhanced, the work efficiency is improved, the cost is reduced, the grafting survival rate is high, the tree body is recovered quickly, the fruiting period is shortened, the application range is wide, the operation is simple, the operation is convenient and easy, and the method is suitable for the grafting propagation of citrus seedlings such as sweet oranges, mandarins, pomelos and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant asexual propagation, in particular to a high-efficiency rapid citrus cutting and grafting method.
Background
Citrus is the first fruit in China. The orange has high greening and viewing values, can be used as tree species for landscaping and viewing, is fresh, sweet and juicy, is fragrant and tasty, has rich nutrition, and is deeply loved by people from ancient times. In recent years, the rapid development of the citrus industry in China has become a supporting industry for increasing income and enriching for fruit growers in the main citrus production area in south China, and plays an increasingly important role in promoting the adjustment and upgrade of the agricultural industry structure, driving the employment of rural areas and promoting the joy of rural areas.
The grafting method is commonly adopted in citrus production for seedling propagation, the propagation speed is high, the fruit bearing is early, the yield is high, the excellent properties of a stock plant can be effectively maintained, and the method is the most effective and rapid method for changing inferior plants and changing superior plants and rapidly optimizing the variety structure. At present, the most common 4 grafting methods of oranges comprise cutting grafting, bud grafting, branch grafting and bud abdominal grafting. However, the existing grafting technology has the disadvantages of complex operation method, high technical difficulty, low efficiency, slow growth trend and low survival rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the main object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide a high efficiency fast citrus cutting and grafting method with high efficiency, high working efficiency, high survival rate and shortened fruiting cycle for cooperative operations.
The invention provides a high-efficiency rapid citrus cutting and grafting method, which comprises the following steps and methods.
S1: and (5) grabbing seedling stocks for cultivation. 1 month, closely sowing the seeds of lime (15 kg/667 m)2) The method comprises the following steps of carrying out fine management, transplanting seedlings in autumn (10 months), planting the seedlings on a prepared double-row seedling bed, grading the seedlings according to the heights of stocks during transplanting, planting the seedlings in sections, cutting off 1/3 main roots before planting, and watering to resist drought.
S2: adopting single bud without bunchy grass for cutting and grafting. In spring of 2 years (3, 4 months), selecting the strong spring shoots of the last year as scions, cutting the scions into 6 cm long, and reserving 1-3 buds as the scions. When cutting and grafting, digging off the stock for ridging, wiping off silt of a cadre, cutting off the stock, leaving a stock stem with the height of 5-8 cm, and beveling the side surface of the stock stem inwards by using a cutting and grafting knife at an angle of about 20-25 DEG0The depth is about 0.1cm longer than the cutting surface of the scion, and after the scion is inserted, the scion is tightly clamped by utilizing the elasticity of the xylem without bundling by using straws.
S3: indoor and outdoor, and branch and root grafting are carried out simultaneously. Before cutting and grafting the stock outdoors, soil is deeply planed to enable the root neck part of the stock to be exposed out of the ground, the stock is cut at a position 3-4 cm below the root neck part, the cut upper part is taken back to the indoor for cutting and grafting, the part above the root neck part is subjected to root grafting in real time, and the purpose that 1 stock is changed into 2 stocks is achieved.
S4: adopts a fast cutting method of 2 knives and 1 spike. When scions are cut, a branch is taken by the left hand, a bud grafting knife is taken by the right hand, the 1 st knife for cutting the first scion is a cut for cutting the reverse side, the cut surface is 0.3-0.5 cm, and the angle of the inclined plane is 40-45 cm0(ii) a 2, cutting a front cut, wherein the length of the front cut is about 0.5-0.8 cm, and a little wood part is arranged to form a wedge shape; the 3 rd knife cuts off the upper part of the neat buds to enable the scions to fall, the length and the angle of the cut surfaces of the 1 st knife are the same as those of the 1 st knife, so that the 1 st knife actually replaces the 1 st knife of the reverse cut of the next bud, the next scion is cut off in sequence, the 1 st knife of the next scion is cut off, the 1 st knife of the front side is added, and therefore, only 2 cuts are needed for cutting 1 scion, and the cut scions (single buds) fall into a basin containing wet towels.
S5: the rootstock is cut by using an indoor incision rootstock device. The anvil cutter is made of an L-shaped wood block and a small knife which is made of waste saw blades. The anvil cutter can meet the requirements of stocks with various sizes and diameters, and can adjust the angle and depth of the required incision. When the stock cutting device is used, the stock cutting device is fixed, then the stock is held by hands to forcibly insert the stock onto a cut, the stock is cut into regular cuts, and about 4500 stocks can be cut every hour.
S6: three-person pipeline operation. One person cuts the stock (using the indoor cutting stock device), and the other person cuts the scion and the cutting scion at the same time, so that the three procedures of cutting the stock, cutting the scion and cutting the scion are combined closely.
S7: and (5) strengthening management after cutting and splicing. Earthing up the outdoor root grafting at any time until the top end of the scion is covered with the earth; after the indoor cutting grafting is finished, placing the seedling in a greenhouse, keeping the temperature of 20-25 ℃ in the greenhouse, placing the seedling in clean fine sand for storage, frequently watering the seedling to keep moist, and healing the wound of the general grafted seedling after about 15 days. After the grafted seedling wound is healed, the grafted seedling is transplanted to an open field seedbed for planting.
In the method for quickly cutting and grafting citrus fruits with high working efficiency, the cutting and grafting in S2 can be performed when the dormant bud on the branch tip is slightly enlarged (namely, the middle ten days of 3 months), and the most suitable period is 3 to 4 middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the sap flows vigorously, the new bud begins to sprout, and most of nutrients are accumulated in the rootstock or the scion.
In the method for quickly cutting and grafting the citrus fruits with high working efficiency, when the rootstock and the scion are cut in the S2, the xylem is reduced or not reduced as much as possible, and the phloem is cut cleanly, so that the rootstock and the scion are easy to cut, the wound is smooth, the rootstock and the scion are tightly combined without gaps, the contact surface of a forming layer of the rootstock and the scion is increased, and the healing is facilitated.
According to the high-efficiency rapid citrus cutting and grafting method, the scions in the S4 are not too tender and too old, and the cutting and grafting survival rate is high in sunny days. In sunny days, the sap flows vigorously and is easy to survive.
In the method for quickly cutting and grafting the citrus fruits with high working efficiency, after the grafted seedlings in the S7 are transplanted to an open field seedbed, attention is paid to intertillage and weeding without bumping scions.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the work efficiency is improved. The invention adopts the single-bud straw-free cutting and grafting and the rapid cutting and grafting method of '2 cutters and 1 ear', and operates in cooperation through three-person running water, thereby not only being easy to operate, but also having high grafting speed and high efficiency, and on average each person can cut 15576 citrus plants, compared with the traditional method that 600 citrus plants are grafted every day with highest work efficiency, the work efficiency is improved by 25.96 times;
2. the survival rate is high. The grafted seedling cultivated by the method has fast tree recovery, the survival rate reaches more than 98 percent, the grafted seedling grows fast after grafting, the high yield is achieved in 3 rd year, and the fruiting period is shortened;
3. the cost is reduced. Due to high grafting efficiency, the expenses on labor force, field and management are correspondingly reduced, the planting cost of fruit growers is reduced, and the income of the fruit growers is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific examples.
The invention provides a high-efficiency rapid citrus cutting and grafting method, which comprises the following steps and methods.
S1: and (5) grabbing seedling stocks for cultivation. 1 month, closely sowing the seeds of lime (15 kg/667 m)2) The method comprises the following steps of carrying out fine management, transplanting seedlings in autumn (10 months), planting the seedlings on a prepared double-row seedling bed, grading the seedlings according to the heights of stocks during transplanting, planting the seedlings in sections, cutting off 1/3 main roots before planting, and watering to resist drought.
S2: adopting single bud without bunchy grass for cutting and grafting. In spring of 2 years (3, 4 months), selecting the strong spring shoots of the last year as scions, cutting the scions into 6 cm long, and reserving 1-3 buds as the scions. When cutting and grafting, digging off the stock for ridging, wiping off silt of a cadre, cutting off the stock, leaving a stock stem with the height of 5-8 cm, and beveling the side surface of the stock stem inwards by using a cutting and grafting knife at an angle of about 20-25 DEG0The depth is about 0.1cm longer than the cutting surface of the scion, and after the scion is inserted, the scion is tightly clamped by utilizing the elasticity of the xylem without bundling by using straws.
S3: indoor and outdoor, and branch and root grafting are carried out simultaneously. Before cutting and grafting the stock outdoors, soil is deeply planed to enable the root neck part of the stock to be exposed out of the ground, the stock is cut at a position 3-4 cm below the root neck part, the cut upper part is taken back to the indoor for cutting and grafting, the part above the root neck part is subjected to root grafting in real time, and the purpose that 1 stock is changed into 2 stocks is achieved.
S4: adopts a fast cutting method of 2 knives and 1 spike. When scions are cut, a branch is taken by the left hand, a bud grafting knife is taken by the right hand, the 1 st knife for cutting the first scion is a cut for cutting the reverse side, the cut surface is 0.3-0.5 cm, and the angle of the inclined plane is 40-45 cm0(ii) a 2, cutting a front cut, wherein the length of the front cut is about 0.5-0.8 cm, and a little wood part is arranged to form a wedge shape; the 3 rd knife cuts off the upper part of the neat buds to enable the scions to fall, the length and the angle of the cut surfaces of the 1 st knife are the same as those of the 1 st knife, so that the 1 st knife actually replaces the 1 st knife of the reverse cut of the next bud, the next scion is cut off in sequence, the 1 st knife of the next scion is cut off, the 1 st knife of the front side is added, and therefore, only 2 cuts are needed for cutting 1 scion, and the cut scions (single buds) fall into a basin containing wet towels.
S5: the rootstock is cut by using an indoor incision rootstock device. The anvil cutter is made of an L-shaped wood block and a small knife which is made of waste saw blades. The anvil cutter can meet the requirements of stocks with various sizes and diameters, and can adjust the angle and depth of the required incision. When the rootstock cutting device is used, the rootstock cutting device is fixed, and then the rootstock is held by hands to forcibly insert the rootstock onto a cut, so that the rootstock is cut into regular cuts.
S6: three-person pipeline operation. One person cuts the stock (using the indoor cutting stock device), and the other person cuts the scion and the cutting scion at the same time, so that the three procedures of cutting the stock, cutting the scion and cutting the scion are combined closely.
S7: and (5) strengthening management after cutting and splicing. Earthing up the outdoor root grafting at any time until the top end of the scion is covered with the earth; after the indoor cutting grafting is finished, placing the seedling in a greenhouse, keeping the temperature of 20-25 ℃ in the greenhouse, placing the seedling in clean fine sand for storage, frequently watering the seedling to keep moist, and healing the wound of the general grafted seedling after about 15 days. After the grafted seedling wound is healed, the grafted seedling is transplanted to an open field seedbed for planting.
In the method for quickly cutting and grafting citrus fruits with high working efficiency, the cutting and grafting in S2 can be performed when the dormant bud on the branch tip is slightly enlarged (namely, the middle ten days of 3 months), and the most suitable period is 3 to 4 middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the sap flows vigorously, the new bud begins to sprout, and most of nutrients are accumulated in the rootstock or the scion.
In the method for quickly cutting and grafting the citrus fruits with high working efficiency, when the rootstock and the scion are cut in the S2, the xylem is reduced or not reduced as much as possible, and the phloem is cut cleanly, so that the rootstock and the scion are easy to cut, the wound is smooth, the rootstock and the scion are tightly combined without gaps, the contact surface of a forming layer of the rootstock and the scion is increased, and the healing is facilitated.
In the high-efficiency rapid citrus cutting and grafting method, the scions in the S4 are not too tender and too old, and the cutting and grafting survival rate is high in sunny days. In sunny days, the sap flows vigorously and is easy to survive.
In the method for quickly cutting and grafting the citrus fruits with high working efficiency, after the grafted seedlings in the S7 are transplanted to an open field seedbed, attention is paid to intertillage and weeding without bumping scions.
The invention and the embodiments thereof are described in detail, and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims and their equivalents, unless otherwise indicated.
Claims (5)
1. A high-efficiency rapid citrus cutting and grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the seedling stock is grabbed and cultivated, 1 month, the seeds of the lime are densely sowed (15 kg/667 m)2) Carrying out fine management, transplanting seedlings in autumn (10 months), planting the seedlings on a prepared double-row seedling bed, grading the seedlings according to the heights of the stocks during transplanting, planting the seedlings by sections, cutting off 1/3 main roots before planting, and watering the seedlings to resist drought;
s2: cutting and grafting single-bud non-bunch grass, selecting the spring shoots of the last year in spring of 2 years (3 and 4 months), cutting into 6 cm long, and reserving 1-3 buds as scions; when cutting and grafting, digging off the stock for ridging, wiping off silt of a cadre, cutting off the stock, leaving a stock stem with the height of 5-8 cm, and beveling the side surface of the stock stem inwards by using a cutting and grafting knife at an angle of about 20-25 DEG0The depth is about 0.1cm longer than the cutting surface of the scion, after the scion is inserted, the scion is tightly clamped by utilizing the elasticity of the xylem without being bundled by straws;
s3: carrying out indoor and outdoor grafting, and carrying out branch grafting and root grafting simultaneously, deeply digging soil before carrying out outdoor cutting grafting and stock shearing, so that the root neck part of the stock is exposed out of the ground, and is cut at a position 3-4 cm below the root neck part, taking the cut upper part back to the indoor for cutting grafting, and carrying out root grafting on the part above the root neck part in real time, so that 1 stock is changed into 2 stocks;
s4: adopting a fast cutting method of '2-knife 1-ear', when cutting the scion, taking a branch with the left hand, taking a bud grafting knife with the right hand, and cutting the 1 st knife of the first scion to be a cut for cutting the reverse side, wherein the cut surface is 0.3-0.5 cm, and the angle of the inclined surface is 40-45 cm0(ii) a 2, cutting a front cut, wherein the length of the front cut is about 0.5-0.8 cm, and a little wood part is arranged to form a wedge shape; the 3 rd knife cuts off the upper part of the bud in a regular manner to drop the scion, and the length and the angle of the cutting surface of the 1 st knife are the same as those of the 1 st knife, so that the 1 st knife is actually usedThe cutting machine replaces 1 cutter of a back side cut of the next bud, so that the next bud is cut in sequence, the previous scion is cut, the 1 st cutter of the next scion is cut, and the 1 st cutter of the front side is added, so that only 2 cutters are needed for cutting 1 scion, and the cut scion (single bud) falls into a basin containing wet towels;
s5: the rootstock is cut by using an indoor anvil cutter which is made by combining an L-shaped wood block and a small knife which is ground by a waste saw blade, the rootstock cutter can meet the requirements of rootstocks with various diameters, and the angle and depth of a required cut can be adjusted; when the cutting device is used, the anvil cutting device is fixed, then the stock is held by hand to forcibly insert the stock onto the incision, the stock is cut into very regular incisions, and about 4500 stocks can be cut every hour;
s6: three persons operate in an assembly line, one person cuts the rootstock (using a room internal cutting rootstock device) specially, and the other person cuts the scion and the grafting scion simultaneously and quickly, so that the three procedures of rootstock cutting, scion cutting and scion inserting are combined closely;
s7: managing after strengthening the cutting grafting, and earthing up the outdoor root grafting at any time until the top end of the scion is covered with the earth; after the indoor cutting grafting is finished, placing the seedling in a greenhouse, keeping the temperature of 20-25 ℃ in the greenhouse, placing the seedling in clean fine sand for storage, frequently watering the seedling to keep moist, and healing the wound of the general grafted seedling after about 15 days; after the grafted seedling wound is healed, the grafted seedling is transplanted to an open field seedbed for planting.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the scissoring in S2 is carried out when the dormant bud is slightly enlarged at the top of the branch (i.e. in the middle of 3 months), and the optimum period is 3 to 4 months, during which the sap flow is vigorous, the bud starts to sprout, and most of the nutrients are accumulated in the rootstock or scion.
3. The method for quick cutting and grafting citrus according to claim 1, wherein the stock and the scion are cut in S2 with minimal or no xylem and the phloem is cut clean, so that the stock and the scion are easy to cut and have smooth wounds, and the stock and the scion are tightly combined without gaps, thereby increasing the contact area of the cambium of the stock and the scion and facilitating healing.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the scions of S4 are not too tender and too old, and the scions are cut in sunny days to achieve high survival rate and tree sap flow in sunny days to facilitate scion.
5. The method for quick cutting and grafting citrus fruit according to claim 1, wherein the grafted seedling of S7 is transplanted on the open field seedbed, and the scion is not moved by intertillage and weeding.
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