CN112042480B - Method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica - Google Patents
Method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica Makino, which comprises the following steps: selecting a planting field; selecting a plot with the soil pH value of 6-6.5; (2) managing the soil moisture and communicating the channels; (3) digging a pond; (4) planting a host; (5) cultivating and managing the host; (6) sowing; sowing seeds of Balanophoraceae plants near the root system of the host, covering soil, and keeping the humidity of the soil at 70% -90%; the seeding temperature is 20-30 ℃; and (7) field management. The invention has the advantages that: solves the technical problem that the balanophoraceae plants can not be planted artificially at present, and can improve the balanophoraceae quality and yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica Makino.
Background
Balanophoraceae (Balanophoraceae) plant is annual or perennial fleshy herb, has no normal root, branch or no branch of the root, and is parasitic on the root of a host plant by a sucking disc on the root to absorb water and inorganic salt, and belongs to a total parasitic plant. The Balanophora japonica family has 22 species in China, wherein the Balanophora genus has 21 species, includes Balanophora cryptorrhalis Aoshima (Balanophora cryptocaulus S.Y. Chang et Tam), balanophora japonica or Balanophora japonica (Balanophora dioica R.Br.), balanophora elata (Balanophora elanogata Bl.), indian Balanophora indica (Arn.) Griff.), aeginea indica (Balanophora kantianensis Masam.) Balanophora zizang (Balanophora laoflava Hemsl.), balanophora senensis (Balanophora andra Griff.), balanophora japonica (Balanophora rugosa Tam.), balanophora canula S.Y. Chang et al.), balanophora japonica (Balanophora japonica), and Balanophora diffusa (Balanophora diffusa Sp.D.). Cup stem Balanophora japonica (Balanophora subapertus P.C. Tam), balanophora fargesii (Tiegh.) Harms), balanophora japonica (Balanophora harderi Hook.f.), balanophora elata (Balanophora henryi Hemsl.), balanophora oldhamiana (Balanophora innovate.f.), balanophora oldhami (Balanophora henryi Hemsl.), balanophora oldhamiana (Balanophora innovate Hook.f.), balanophora japonica (Balanophora japonica Makino), balanophora japonica (Balanophora mutoides Hayata), guangdong (Balanophora nigra), guangdong (Balanophora biondiana) Makino, balanophora brachyota (Balanophora), balanophora brazia braziana (Balanophora), and Balanophora fura. The Balanophora peltata genus has only one species of Balanophora peltata (Rhopalocnemi pharioides Jungh.).
The compendium of materia medica introduces in detail the Balanophora genus plant with sweet and bitter flavor, no toxicity, main refreshing and treatment of alcohol accumulation, which can be used as the drug for alleviating hangover and protecting liver, and is listed as the top product. The Yunnan province medicine standard 2005 edition contains two kinds of medicine: the Balaophora stolonifera is derived from dried whole plant of Indian Balaophora stolonifera [ B.indica (Arnott) Griffith ], and has effects of tonifying liver and kidney, regulating menstruation, promoting blood circulation, removing alcoholism, stopping bleeding, and promoting granulation; balanophora procumbens is derived from dried whole plant of Balanophora japonica Makino (B.harlandii hook.f.) and Balanophora japonica Makino (B.involverata J.D.Hooker), and has effects of tonifying yang, invigorating kidney, regulating qi-flowing, invigorating stomach, clearing away heat and toxic materials, stopping bleeding, and promoting granulation. The whole plant of the Balanophora japonica Makino is used as a medicine for treating hemorrhoids, consumptive disease, hemorrhage, lumbago and the like.
At present, no related report of an artificial planting method of seeds of Balaophora latifolia is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica Makino.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica Makino comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a planting land; selecting a plot with the soil pH value of 6-6.5;
(2) Managing soil moisture and communicating the channels;
(3) Digging a pond;
(4) Planting a host; the host is selected from one of plants of Leguminosae, salicaceae, moraceae, vitaceae, rosaceae, armoraceae, ericaceae, juglandaceae, malvaceae, or Solanaceae;
(5) Cultivating and managing the host;
(6) Sowing; sowing seeds of Balanophora japonica Linne in the vicinity of the root system of the host, covering the seeds with soil, and keeping the humidity of the soil at 70-90%; the seeding temperature is 20-30 ℃;
(7) And (5) field management.
Preferably, the planting field in the step (1) is selected from 22-26 degrees of north latitude, 99-104 degrees of east longitude, 1095-3200 m of altitude range, 20-25 degrees of annual average air temperature and 1600-2000 mm of annual average rainfall.
Preferably, in the step (1), the soil contains humus and is loose and fertile.
Preferably, in the step (2), the compartment surface is arranged on the selected land according to the specification of 1.5 m in width and 30 cm in height of the furrow surface.
Preferably, paying off the line at the center of the compartment surface, dotting with lime, digging planting holes according to the specification of 60 cm in width and 60 cm in depth, applying decomposed farmyard manure in each hole, and uniformly stirring for later use.
Preferably, in the step (4), the leguminous plant is one selected from the group consisting of phaseolus densus, phaseolus, lathyrium or desmodium, the phaseolus densus is selected from phaseolus densus, the phaseolus is selected from semiaquilegia, the lathyrium is selected from mucuna macrocarpa, and the desmodium is selected from desmodium adsurascens; the plant of Salicaceae is selected from Populus deltoidea of Populus; the Moraceae plant is selected from Ficus acuta of Ficus; the Vitaceae plant is selected from cliff creeper of cliff; the Rosaceae plant is selected from cherry of Yunnan of Oriental cherry; the coriaria plant is selected from coriaria sinica of coriaria; the plant of Ericaceae is selected from Rhododendron simsii belonging to Rhododendron; the Juglandaceae plant is selected from Boswellia platyphylla of Boswellia; the Malvaceae plant is selected from Sedum Sarmentosum of genus Heliothis; said Solanaceae plant is selected from Cestrum nocturnum belonging to genus Cestrum.
Preferably, the intertillage management in the step (5) comprises watering, shading, pest control, trimming, host stolon sorting and topdressing.
Preferably, the shading rate of the shading is between 70% and 80%.
Preferably, the time for sowing in the step (6) is 2 to 4 months per year; the thickness of the covering soil is 3-5 cm; the seeds are collected and placed in a sealed self-sealing bag with the temperature below 10 ℃ and the humidity of 90 percent for storage.
Preferably, the field management in the step (7) comprises the steps of avoiding turning over the soil, watering, controlling shading degree, irrigating roots and fertilizing by using compound fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 1%, and killing insects.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The medicinal history of the Balanophoraceae plants is long, the application is more, and the medicinal enterprises use the Balanophoraceae plants to produce related compound Chinese patent medicines, so that the using amount of the Balanophoraceae plants is increased year by year, and the wild resources face great challenges. In view of the problems, resource investigation should be conducted as soon as possible, the current situation of resources is found out, and guidance on the bionic planting of medicinal materials is urgent. The technology of the invention can provide technical guidance for artificial planting of Balanophora japonica Makino.
(2) Compared with wild plants, the success of artificially planting the Balanophora japonica Makino by the technology of the invention has the advantages that the resources are more concentrated, the natural conditions such as light Wen Shuiqi and the like are easier to control, the quality of the Balanophora japonica Makino is improved, and the maturation period of medicinal materials is consistent, convenient, uniform and timely harvested.
(3) The technology of the invention can improve the utilization rate of seeds, save the seed resources, promote the increase of the yield of the Balanophora japonica Makino and relieve the pressure of wild resources. Compared with the wild yield of about 40 kilograms per mu, the method can improve the yield to about 200 kilograms per mu.
(4) The technology of the invention fills the blank in the artificial planting technology of Balanophora japonica Makino, and provides guarantee for the source of Balanophora japonica Makino plant raw materials. The method has no adverse effect on the environment, and is favorable for environmental protection and sustainable utilization of the Balanophoraceae plants after the Balanophora japonica plants are successfully planted.
The invention creatively provides a method for regulating environmental conditions by using artificial afforestation to further artificially plant Balanophora japonica, and solves one of the technical problems that the Balanophora japonica family plants cannot be artificially planted at present.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica Makino comprises the following steps:
(1) The planting field is selected from 22-26 degrees of north latitude, 99-104 degrees of east longitude, 1095-3200 m altitude range, 20-25 degrees of habitat annual average temperature and 1600-2000 mm annual average rainfall. The humus layer is about 50cm, the soil should be loose and fertile, the annual humidity is about 90%, and the pH value is 6-6.5. The shade degree of the plot is controlled between 70 percent and 80 percent, and the Balanophora japonica can not survive in the place with stronger illumination.
(2) Clearing soil moisture and dredging channels: and (3) arranging the compartment surface on the selected planting land according to the specification of 1.5 m wide and 30 cm high of the moisture surface.
(3) Digging a pond (digging a planting hole), paying off the line at the center of the compartment surface, dotting with lime, digging planting holes according to the specification of 60 cm in width and 60 cm in depth, applying 5kg of decomposed farmyard manure in each hole, and uniformly stirring for later use.
(4) Planting a host: selecting Spatholobus suberectus Dunn of Leguminosae as host, and planting according to the above steps (1), (2) and (3) at least one year in advance to ensure host root and fibrous root development before sowing seeds.
(5) Intertillage management of hosts
5.1 watering at the right time to ensure the survival rate of the host and the water needed by the growth.
5.2 shading, and ensuring that the shading rate is between 70 and 80 percent.
5.3 the overground part needs to be regularly subjected to pest control.
5.4 trimming and capping at proper time to ensure the root system to be developed.
5.5 the rattan host needs to artificially arrange the stolons according to a fixed shape and put the stolons into fixed roots for treatment.
5.6 topdressing with the compound balanced fertilizer in time to ensure good growth of the host.
(6) And (3) seed collection, namely, after long-term observation of wild Balaophora japonica plants, when the sign of maturity of the Balaophora japonica seeds is that florets and attachments on inflorescences can be easily peeled off by hands, collecting all the inflorescences together with the whole inflorescences, sealing the inflorescences in a bag, and making a corresponding record. And (5) refrigerating and preserving at the temperature below 10 ℃ for later use.
(7) And (3) storing the seeds, namely, storing the collected seeds and the valve bags at a low temperature of below 10 ℃ for cold storage for later use. If long-term storage is needed, the seeds can be wrapped by filter paper, and the seeds are sealed in the self-sealing bag at a humidity of 90 percent and stored at low temperature.
(8) The sowing method comprises the following steps: sowing Balanophora japonica seeds for 2-4 months, grooving or digging holes in the developed and vigorous root system of the root of the host, uniformly sowing the seeds near the root, ensuring that the seeds are in close contact with the root system, and covering with 3-5cm of soil. The humidity of the soil is kept to be about 70-90% throughout the year, and the temperature is kept to be 20-30 ℃ until the Balanophora japonica Lindl emerges.
(9) Field management
9.1 the Balanophora japonica Makino should avoid turning over the soil from the beginning of sowing and timely and manually poking out the weeds.
9.2 watering in time to ensure proper water content and artificially controlling shading degree.
9.3 after the Balanophora japonica Lindl emerges, irrigating roots and fertilizing once with 1% compound fertilizer water every week, and stopping fertilizing after buds appear.
9.4 spreading granular metaldehyde and other pesticides on the soil moisture surface after the black water and snake rice is unearthed, so as to prevent and control other underground surface pests such as slugs and the like and ensure that the black water and snake rice is not bitten by the pests.
Examples 2 to 13
Replacing host of Arisaema pallidum of Leguminosae with Arisaema pallidum of Leguminosae, arema quinata of Leguminosae, desmodium begonia of Leguminosae, desmodium cathayensis of Delavay of Salicaceae, ficus acutifolia of Moraceae, thunnus clitorius of Vitaceae, mucuna yunnanensis of Rosaceae, coriaria sinica of Malabaricus of Rosaceae, rhododendron rhododendron of Rhododendron of Ericaceae, syzygium aromaticum of Juglandaceae, verticillium crenata of Malvaceae, and Thamnolia vermicularis amabilis of Solanaceae, and the rest are carried out according to the method of example 1, and respectively obtaining examples 2-13.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and these embodiments are still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica Makino is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a planting field; selecting a plot with the soil pH value of 6-6.5; the planting field in the step (1) is selected from 22-26 degrees of north latitude, 99-104 degrees of east longitude, an altitude range of 1095-3200 m, an average annual temperature of 20-25 ℃ and an average annual rainfall of 1600-2000 mm;
(2) Managing soil moisture to communicate with the channel;
(3) Digging a pond;
(4) Planting a host; the host is selected from one of plants of Leguminosae, salicaceae, moraceae, vitaceae, rosaceae, armoraceae, ericaceae, juglandaceae, malvaceae, or Solanaceae; the leguminous plant is one of the plants of the genera Hemicus, cypalum, mucuna or Desmodium, wherein the genus Hemicus is selected from the genus Hemicus, the genus Mucuna is selected from the genus Mucuna, the genus Duchezia is selected from the genus Mucuna, and the genus Desmodium is selected from the genus Desmodium; the plant of Salicaceae is selected from Populus deltoidea of Populus; the Moraceae plant is selected from Ficus acuta of Ficus; the Vitaceae plant is selected from cliff creeper of cliff; the Rosaceae plant is selected from cherry of Yunnan of Oriental cherry; the coriaria plant is selected from coriaria sinica of coriaria; the plant of Ericaceae is selected from Rhododendron simsii belonging to Rhododendron; the Juglandaceae plant is selected from the genus Symphytum officinale; the Malvaceae plant is selected from Sedum Sarmentosum of genus Heliothis; said Solanaceae plant is selected from Cestrum nocturnum of Cestrum; the hosts are planted at least one year in advance;
(5) Cultivating and managing the host; intertilling management in the step (5) comprises watering, shading, pest control, trimming, host stolon sorting and topdressing; the shading rate of the shading is between 70 and 80 percent;
(6) Sowing; sowing seeds of Balanophora japonica Linne in the vicinity of the root system of the host, covering the seeds with soil, and keeping the humidity of the soil at 70-90%; the seeding temperature is 20-30 ℃; the seeding time in the step (6) is 2-4 months per year; the thickness of the covering soil is 3-5 cm; the seeds are collected and placed in a sealed self-sealing bag with the temperature below 10 ℃ and the humidity of 90 percent for storage;
(7) Managing the field; and (7) in the step (7), the field management comprises the steps of avoiding turning over the soil, watering, controlling the shading degree, irrigating roots and fertilizing by using compound fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 1%, and killing insects.
2. The method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the soil contains humus and is loose and fertile.
3. The method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: and (3) arranging the compartment surface on the selected land blocks according to the specification of 1.5 m wide and 30 cm high of the moisture surface in the land.
4. The method for artificially planting Balanophora japonica Makino according to claim 3, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: paying off the line at the center of the compartment surface, dotting with lime, digging planting holes according to the specification of 60 cm in width and 60 cm in depth, applying decomposed farmyard manure in each hole, and uniformly stirring for later use.
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| CN101637083B (en) * | 2009-08-12 | 2011-05-11 | 席德强 | Mistletoe artificial breeding technology |
| CN102696375B (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-07-03 | 冯寅华 | Inoculation method for dipping or brushing roots by using polysaccharide-cistanche seed mixed solution |
| CN104920053B (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-12-15 | 芜湖砻坊生产力促进中心有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the saline cistanche of Rich in Trace Element |
| CN105325247B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2018-11-30 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | A kind of herba taxilli mating system |
| CN106258881A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 浙江大学 | A kind of co-culture method for studying Parasitic Weeds and host crop interaction |
| CN209201748U (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-08-06 | 杭州师范大学 | Holoparasite sprouts incubator |
| CN111096118B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-05-28 | 云南农业大学 | Seed germination method for Balanophora japonica |
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