CN111919691A - Method for culturing ginseng seedlings in plant factory - Google Patents
Method for culturing ginseng seedlings in plant factory Download PDFInfo
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- CN111919691A CN111919691A CN202010743522.6A CN202010743522A CN111919691A CN 111919691 A CN111919691 A CN 111919691A CN 202010743522 A CN202010743522 A CN 202010743522A CN 111919691 A CN111919691 A CN 111919691A
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- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000014634 leaf senescence Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000002791 Panax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000208343 Panax Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing ginseng seedlings in a plant factory, which comprises the following steps of irradiating by adopting a specific light source during the seedling culturing period, wherein the specific light source comprises the following spectral components: the proportion of the light quantum number of 380-499nm to the total light quantum is 20-25%, the proportion of the light quantum number of 500-599nm to the total light quantum is 25-30%, and the proportion of the light quantum number of 600-780nm to the total light quantum is 40-50%. The invention provides a seedling raising method for delaying leaf senescence of ginseng seedlings and improving the survival rate of the ginseng seedlings and the product quality, and solves the important problems of uneven quality of the ginseng seedlings, low seedling retention rate, reduced ginseng land area and the like in the traditional garden ginseng.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine seedling culture, in particular to a method for culturing seedlings of ginseng in a plant factory.
Background
Ginseng is a perennial herb of the genus panax of the family araliaceae, the class dicotyledonae, and is a primary important plant for protection in the country. The ginseng is sweet in taste and slightly cold in nature according to the record of the medicine, and has the effects of greatly tonifying primordial qi, recovering pulse, relieving depletion, tonifying spleen, benefiting lung, soothing nerves and benefiting intelligence. China is a main country for applying and cultivating ginseng, the application, cultivation, processing and other aspects of ginseng are the earliest, and the ginseng yield is the first world all the time. In 2018, the market scale of the ginseng industry in China breaks through 200 million yuan and reaches 206 million yuan, and with the continuous improvement of income and consumption level of residents in China, the same growth trend is expected to be kept in the future, and the market scale of the industry reaches 339.53 million yuan by 2025.
The ginseng seedling raising has strict requirements on the growth environment, and has special requirements on illumination, moisture, soil and the like in the seedling raising process, so that the three provinces in northeast are always the main production areas of ginseng. The key technology in ginseng cultivation comprises ginseng land selection, seeding, seedling raising, seedling selection, pest control and the like. Because the state forbids to destroy the ginseng, the ginseng land examination and approval is strict, meanwhile, the ginseng belongs to a perennial plant, the land planted with the ginseng can not be used for crop rotation, the ginseng area is reduced, the pesticide residue is serious, the management is extensive, the quality of the seedling of the garden ginseng is uneven, and the seedling protection rate is continuously reduced. The method has the advantages of wide seed yield, thin harvest and low success rate, and is a common phenomenon in the ginseng planting industry.
The number of ginseng leaves is related to the specific planting year, and after normal ginseng seeds germinate, only one compound leaf with three small leaves grows, which is called as 'three flowers'. Two years of ginseng will grow one compound leaf with five small leaves, and three years of ginseng will grow two compound leaves with five small leaves. It is known that plants can grow by mainly photosynthesis of leaves, and the content of chlorophyll in the leaves is the key to the photosynthesis of the plants. Based on the particularity of the annual ginseng seedlings, how to maintain and improve the chlorophyll content in the ginseng leaves in the seedling culture process is also the key of the ginseng seedling culture. However, no relevant technology related to indoor full-artificial light ginseng seedling culture can be referred to at present, and no relevant report on how to maintain the chlorophyll content of the leaves of ginseng seedlings by light control and water and fertilizer management technology is found.
Therefore, a new method for growing ginseng seedlings is urgently needed at present, the aging speed of ginseng leaf blades is delayed through indoor planting and environmental regulation, the photosynthetic efficiency of the ginseng leaf blades is further improved, and the problems that the ginseng land area is reduced year by year, the survival rate of ginseng seedlings is low, the quality is uneven and the like in the traditional planting process of garden ginseng are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for growing seedlings of ginseng in plant factories.
The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that:
in one aspect, the invention provides a method for growing seedlings of ginseng in a plant factory, which comprises the following steps of irradiating by using a specific light source during seedling growing, wherein the spectrum composition of the specific light source is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum number of 380-499nm to the total light quantum is 20-25%, the proportion of the light quantum number of 500-599nm to the total light quantum is 25-30%, and the proportion of the light quantum number of 600-780nm to the total light quantum is 40-50%.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a method for culturing the seedlings of the ginseng in the plant factory, which comprises the following steps:
(1) accelerating germination: soaking the ginseng seeds with full seeds in clear water for 12-24h, then performing disinfection treatment, performing high-pressure sterilization on a substrate for later use, taking a cultivation container, paving perlite on the bottom layer of the container, paving river sand on the perlite, uniformly stirring the disinfected and dried ginseng seeds and the river sand, paving the mixture on the river sand in the container, watering the mixture by clear water, then paving a layer of mixed substrate consisting of peat soil and the river sand, and placing a basin in a cool and ventilated place until the ginseng seeds are opened;
(2) sowing: spreading a sterilization substrate in a cultivation container, wherein the sterilization substrate is prepared by compounding 5-15% of peat soil, 30-40% of forest humus soil, 40-55% of river sand and 0-5% of sawdust in a formula volume ratio, the pH value of the sterilization substrate is 5.8-6.5, sowing the sterilization substrate into the open-ended ginseng seeds, and then covering a layer of sterilization substrate;
(3) seedling culture: after the ginseng seeds germinate, a specific light source is adopted for irradiation, the mixed aqueous solution of rooting powder and chlorothalonil is poured once after the ginseng leaves are completely unfolded, the aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer with 800 times of liquid is poured once every 40 days in the whole seedling culture period, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 35 days in the first 105 days, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 20 days after 105 days; the specific light source spectrum consists of: the proportion of the light quantum number of 380-499nm to the total light quantum is 20-25%, the proportion of the light quantum number of 500-599nm to the total light quantum is 25-30%, and the proportion of the light quantum number of 600-780nm to the total light quantum is 40-50%.
Further, in the step (1), in the disinfection treatment, the soaked ginseng seeds are put into a 1% potassium permanganate solution for soaking for 15 minutes.
Further, in the step (1), the thickness of the pearlite layer is 5cm, the thickness of the river sand is 8-10cm, the thickness of the mixed layer of the ginseng seeds and the river sand is 2-3cm, and the thickness of the mixed matrix layer is 3-5 cm.
Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the ginseng seeds to the river sand is 1: 3.
further, in the step (1), the volume ratio of the peat soil to the river sand in the mixed matrix is 1: 2.
further, in the step (1), the germination accelerating pot is placed in a shady and cool ventilating place, the temperature is set to be 15-20 ℃, the ginseng seeds (the seed mixing layer of the ginseng seeds and river sand is mixed and stirred) are stirred once every 20 days, and the soil humidity is kept to be 25% -30%.
Further, in the step (2), a layer of sterilized substrate with the thickness of 18cm is paved in the cultivation container, the sterilized substrate with the thickness of 2cm is covered after the ginseng seeds are sowed, and the soil humidity is kept between 35 and 40 percent and the ambient temperature is kept between 18 and 22 ℃.
Further, in the step (3), the environmental temperature during seedling culture is 23-26 ℃ in the daytime, 18-21 ℃ at night, the photoperiod is 12-14h/d, the light intensity is 70-120 mu mol/square meter/s, and the soil humidity is kept at 40-45%.
Further, in the step (3), the mixed aqueous solution of the rooting powder and the chlorothalonil is prepared, wherein the mass ratio of the rooting powder to the chlorothalonil is 1: 1 to prepare an aqueous solution of 800 solutions; and/or the foliar fertilizer is urea, monopotassium phosphate or amino acids.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a seedling raising method for delaying leaf senescence of ginseng seedlings and improving the survival rate of the ginseng seedlings and the product quality, and solves the important problems of uneven quality of the ginseng seedlings, low seedling retention rate, reduced ginseng land area and the like in the traditional garden ginseng.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1
A method for culturing seedlings of ginseng in a plant factory comprises the following steps: (1) accelerating germination: soaking the ginseng seeds with plump seeds in clear water for 24 hours, soaking the ginseng seeds in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, taking out the ginseng seeds, airing the ginseng seeds, and autoclaving the matrix for later use. Finding a cultivation pot, paving a layer of perlite with the thickness of 5cm on the bottom of the pot, paving river sand with the thickness of 10cm on the perlite, uniformly mixing the soaked ginseng seeds and a certain amount of river sand, paving the mixture in the pot, watering the mixture by using clear water, and paving a layer of peat soil with the thickness of 5cm on the ginseng seeds, wherein the mixing ratio of the peat soil to the river sand is 1: 2. Placing the pot in a shady and cool ventilated place, setting the temperature at 15-20 deg.C, stirring once every 20 days, and keeping the soil humidity at 25% -30% until the ginseng seeds are opened.
(2) Sowing: a sterilization matrix with the thickness of 18cm is paved in the indoor cultivation groove, the formula of the matrix is formed by compounding 10% of peat soil, 30% of forest humus soil, 55% of river sand and 5% of wood chips, and the pH value of the mixed matrix is adjusted to be 6 through an acid-alkali agent. Sowing 1-2 opened Ginseng radix seeds every 4cm by 4cm, and covering with a layer of matrix with thickness of 2 cm. During the period, the soil humidity is kept at 35-40%, and the environmental temperature is kept at 18-22 ℃.
(3) Seedling culture: after the ginseng seeds bud, the artificial light above the cultivation groove is opened, the environmental temperature in the seedling period is 23-26 ℃ in the daytime, 18-21 ℃ at night, the photoperiod is 12h/d, the light intensity is 100 mu mol/square meter.s, and the soil humidity is kept at 40-45%. After the ginseng leaves are completely unfolded, the mixed aqueous solution of rooting powder and chlorothalonil is applied once according to the medication instructions, the aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer with 800 times of liquid is applied once every 40 days in the whole seedling culture period, foliar fertilizer (urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or amino acid are used in turn) is sprayed once every 35 days in the early 105 days of seedling culture, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 20 days in the 105 days. During the planting period, the parameters of the light source are taken as the parameters of each embodiment. Harvesting after sowing for 9 months, detecting the following indexes, and expressing the chlorophyll content by using SPAD value. The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The test results show that the light quality treatment of the ginseng seedlings of the examples 6 to 8 has higher comprehensive level of chlorophyll content, survival rate and yield under the condition of unified water and fertilizer management.
Although the embodiments have been described, once the basic inventive concept is known, other variations and modifications can be made to the embodiments by those skilled in the art, so that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes that can be used in the present specification or directly or indirectly applied to other related fields are encompassed by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for culturing the seedlings of ginseng in plant factory is characterized by adopting a specific light source to irradiate during the seedling culturing period, wherein the specific light source has the spectral composition as follows: the proportion of the light quantum number of 380-499nm to the total light quantum is 20-25%, the proportion of the light quantum number of 500-599nm to the total light quantum is 25-30%, and the proportion of the light quantum number of 600-780nm to the total light quantum is 40-50%.
2. A method for culturing seedlings of ginseng in a plant factory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) accelerating germination: soaking the ginseng seeds with full seeds in clear water for 12-24h, then performing disinfection treatment, performing high-pressure sterilization on a substrate for later use, taking a cultivation container, paving perlite on the bottom layer of the container, paving river sand on the perlite, uniformly stirring the disinfected and dried ginseng seeds and the river sand, paving the mixture on the river sand in the container, watering the mixture by clear water, then paving a layer of mixed substrate consisting of peat soil and the river sand, and placing a basin in a cool and ventilated place until the ginseng seeds are opened;
(2) sowing: spreading a sterilization substrate in a cultivation container, wherein the sterilization substrate is prepared by compounding 5-15% of peat soil, 30-40% of forest humus soil, 40-55% of river sand and 0-5% of sawdust in a formula volume ratio, the pH value of the sterilization substrate is 5.8-6.5, sowing the sterilization substrate into the open-ended ginseng seeds, and then covering a layer of sterilization substrate;
(3) seedling culture: after the ginseng seeds germinate, a specific light source is adopted for irradiation, the mixed aqueous solution of rooting powder and chlorothalonil is poured once after the ginseng leaves are completely unfolded, the aqueous solution of the compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer with 800 times of liquid is poured once every 40 days in the whole seedling culture period, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 35 days in the first 105 days, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 20 days after 105 days; the specific light source spectrum consists of: the proportion of the light quantum number of 380-499nm to the total light quantum is 20-25%, the proportion of the light quantum number of 500-599nm to the total light quantum is 25-30%, and the proportion of the light quantum number of 600-780nm to the total light quantum is 40-50%.
3. The method for raising seedlings of ginseng in a plant factory as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the sterilization treatment is carried out by soaking the soaked ginseng seeds in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the thickness of the perlite layer is 5cm, the thickness of the river sand is 8-10cm, the thickness of the mixed layer of the ginseng seeds and the river sand is 2-3cm, and the thickness of the mixed matrix layer is 3-5 cm.
5. The method for raising ginseng seedlings in a plant factory according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the ginseng seeds to the river sand is 1: 3.
6. the method for raising ginseng seedlings in a plant factory according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the volume ratio of peat soil to river sand in the mixed matrix is 1: 2.
7. the method for raising ginseng seedlings of plant factories according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the germination pots are placed in a cool and ventilated place at a temperature of 15-20 ℃, and the ginseng seeds are turned and mixed once every 20 days during the period, and the soil humidity is kept at 25% -30%.
8. The method for raising ginseng seedlings of a plant factory according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), a layer of sterilized substrate with a thickness of 18cm is laid in the cultivation container, and after the ginseng seeds are sowed, the layer of sterilized substrate with a thickness of 2cm is laid on the cultivation container, and the soil humidity is kept at 35-40% and the ambient temperature is kept at 18-22 ℃.
9. The method for cultivating ginseng seedlings in a plant factory according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the ambient temperature during the seedling cultivation is 23-26 ℃ in the daytime, 18-21 ℃ in the nighttime, the photoperiod is 12-14h/d, the light intensity is 70-120 μmol/square meter/s, and the soil humidity is kept at 40-45%.
10. The method for raising seedlings of ginseng in plant factories according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the mixed aqueous solution of the rooting powder and the chlorothalonil is prepared, wherein the mass ratio of the rooting powder to the chlorothalonil is 1: 1 to prepare an aqueous solution of 800 solutions; and/or the foliar fertilizer is urea, monopotassium phosphate or amino acids.
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CN114027065A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-11 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Ginseng plant factory planting and seedling raising system and method |
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