CN104255247A - Greenhouse industrialized ginseng potting method - Google Patents

Greenhouse industrialized ginseng potting method Download PDF

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CN104255247A
CN104255247A CN201410471155.3A CN201410471155A CN104255247A CN 104255247 A CN104255247 A CN 104255247A CN 201410471155 A CN201410471155 A CN 201410471155A CN 104255247 A CN104255247 A CN 104255247A
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ginseng
potted
greenhouse
cultivation
water
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赵亮
李俊松
李光哲
赵红艳
刘晓明
苏忠民
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Northeast Normal University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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Abstract

本发明属于药用植物栽培技术领域,具体涉及一种温室工厂化人参盆栽方法,是将采用泥炭块型基质培育的人参苗移栽进入放置无纺布包覆硅藻土复合人参无土栽培基质的花盆中进行栽培。包括:人参营养块育苗、移栽进入花盆、人参植株矮化、盆栽人参越冬、人参休眠期调控等步骤。通过对人参植株冷冻或药浸处理等方式来改变人参正常休眠期,从而控制人参开花结果在规定季节,以满足节日花卉市场需要。采用盆栽方式,有利于家庭种植,在人参生长期内,既可以观赏,又可以收货人参,提高人参作为观赏花卉的公众认知度。温室工厂化人参盆栽可实现人参盆景集约化生产,促进人参观光产业发展。 The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a factory-style ginseng potted planting method in a greenhouse, which involves transplanting ginseng seedlings cultivated with a peat block-type substrate into a non-woven fabric-coated diatomite composite ginseng soilless cultivation substrate Cultivated in pots. It includes: raising ginseng nutrient block seedlings, transplanting into flowerpots, dwarfing ginseng plants, overwintering ginseng in pots, regulating ginseng dormancy period and other steps. Change the normal dormant period of ginseng by freezing or dipping ginseng plants, so as to control the flowering and fruiting of ginseng in the specified season, so as to meet the needs of the festival flower market. The use of potted plants is conducive to family planting. During the growth period of ginseng, ginseng can be viewed and harvested, and the public awareness of ginseng as an ornamental flower can be improved. Greenhouse industrialization of ginseng potted plants can realize the intensive production of ginseng potted plants and promote the development of ginseng bonsai industry.

Description

一种温室工厂化人参盆栽方法A kind of greenhouse industrialized ginseng potted planting method

 the

技术领域  technical field

本发明属于药用植物栽培技术领域,具体涉及一种温室工厂化人参盆栽方法。                                                                                                                                                         背景技术 The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a greenhouse industrialized ginseng potted cultivation method. Background technique

近年来,随吉林省开展人参产业振兴工程深入推进,人参价格屡创高位。民间对于盆栽人参热情高涨。目前有多家出售盆栽人参的网店,所出售的盆栽人参仅是简单将人参从长白山区栽培林地里面移栽到花盆中,离开长白山区独特的气候冷资源,在后续生长中病害多发,人参很难成活,这就极大地限制了园艺盆栽人参产业的发展。此外,网店提供的栽培基质存在诸多问题:比如取自当地参地土壤,本身对于当地环境是一种破坏行为;提供的人工栽培基质原料配方存在难以寻找、原料处理不当,原料中杂菌、重金属及农残等超标等问题,会给人参生长带来不利影响。实践表明北药发展,人参走出长白山区,突破人参生长对于气候的苛刻要求,选育耐高温、抗病性强的人参品种具有重要意义。同时结合订制人参文化花盆,传播人参文化,增强人参产业软实力,提高公众对于人参认知程度,促进人参产业健康发展。 In recent years, with the further advancement of the ginseng industry revitalization project in Jilin Province, the price of ginseng has repeatedly hit high levels. Folks are enthusiastic about potted ginseng. At present, there are many online shops selling potted ginseng. The potted ginseng sold is simply transplanted ginseng from the cultivated forest land in Changbai Mountains into flower pots, leaving the unique cold climate resources in Changbai Mountains. Diseases frequently occur during subsequent growth. Ginseng is difficult to survive, which greatly limits the development of horticultural potted ginseng industry. In addition, there are many problems with the cultivation substrate provided by the online store: for example, it is taken from the local ginseng soil, which is a kind of destructive behavior to the local environment; Problems such as excessive heavy metals and pesticide residues will have adverse effects on the growth of ginseng. Practice has shown that the development of Beiyao, ginseng out of the Changbai Mountains, breaking through the harsh requirements of ginseng growth on the climate, and breeding ginseng varieties with high temperature resistance and strong disease resistance are of great significance. At the same time, combined with custom-made ginseng culture flower pots, it spreads ginseng culture, enhances the soft power of the ginseng industry, improves the public's awareness of ginseng, and promotes the healthy development of the ginseng industry.

我们在新型人参栽培方式研发与应用领域开展了大量工作,在人参育苗专用压缩型基质、大棚营养块人参栽培、人参无土栽培基质及人参栽培专用硅藻土复合高吸水树脂领域均开展了大量工作,详见发明专利201010164887.X,201310034947.X, 201410017623.X及201410017583.9。我们优势在于作为设施参业领跑者,在基于泥炭块型基质的人参设施栽培领域积累了丰富经验,有机绿色人参栽培基质得到广泛认同,建立了多处实验示范基地,已具备大规模推广条件。从延边国贸农业科技园到靖宇县人参产业园区,历经四年发展,我们在日光温室中选育出耐高温高湿、抗逆性强的人参植株,为盆栽人参花卉的产业化提供了重要保障。 We have carried out a lot of work in the field of research and development and application of new ginseng cultivation methods, and have carried out a lot of work in the fields of compressed substrate for ginseng seedling cultivation, ginseng cultivation with nutrition blocks in greenhouses, soilless cultivation substrate for ginseng and diatomite composite superabsorbent resin for ginseng cultivation. Work, see invention patents 201010164887.X, 201310034947.X, 201410017623.X and 201410017583.9 for details. Our advantage is that as a leader in the facility ginseng industry, we have accumulated rich experience in the field of ginseng facility cultivation based on peat block substrates. The organic green ginseng cultivation substrate has been widely recognized, and we have established many experimental demonstration bases, which are ready for large-scale promotion. From Yanbian International Trade Agricultural Science and Technology Park to Jingyu County Ginseng Industrial Park, after four years of development, we have bred ginseng plants with high temperature and humidity resistance and strong stress resistance in the solar greenhouse, providing an important guarantee for the industrialization of potted ginseng flowers .

有关盆栽人参的相关专利很少。邹俊波在发明专利(申请号01127999.0)中介绍了包含重金属Ag的人参栽培基质配方,这是当前人参产业发展所不允许的,并且也未涉及到盆栽人参病害防控、越冬等具体技术细节。马维国在发明专利(申请号93117944.0)中介绍了将人参植株与种子采用冷冻、药浸等处理来改变其休眠期来实现在特定期间人参挂红果,所采用的技术方案可操作性差,经过实践发现冷冻后的人参植株开花比例大大降低,这就极大限制了此种盆栽人参花卉的发展。专利CN1327717A 仅介绍了盆栽人参栽培基质配置、人参种子处理等,对于盆栽人参遮阴、病害防治、越冬以及移栽等环节并未涉及。刘炳仁在2013年第6期《花卉》杂志简要介绍了人参盆栽的管理方式,采用的栽培基质配比及处理、施用底肥等,对家庭盆栽人参发展带来诸多不便。目前的有关盆栽人参的文献报道多较为久远,内容重复居多,所介绍的管理方式基本是基于传统人参大地栽培模式,简单的将自然环境培育人参移到花盆中进行栽培,而对于温室工厂人参盆栽花卉栽培技术及管理方法则未见报道。 There are few related patents about potted ginseng. In his invention patent (application number 01127999.0), Zou Junbo introduced the ginseng cultivation matrix formula containing heavy metal Ag, which is not allowed by the current ginseng industry development, and does not involve specific technical details such as potted ginseng disease prevention and control, overwintering, etc. Ma Weiguo introduced in the invention patent (application number 93117944.0) that ginseng plants and seeds are treated by freezing and soaking in medicine to change their dormancy period to achieve ginseng hanging red fruits during a specific period. The technical scheme adopted is poor in operability. After practice, it was found The flowering ratio of ginseng plants after freezing is greatly reduced, which greatly limits the development of this kind of potted ginseng flowers. Patent CN1327717A only introduces potted ginseng cultivation substrate configuration, ginseng seed treatment, etc., but does not involve potted ginseng shading, disease prevention, overwintering and transplanting. Liu Bingren briefly introduced the management methods of ginseng potted plants in the 6th issue of "Flowers" magazine in 2013. The ratio and treatment of the cultivation substrate used, the application of base fertilizer, etc., brought a lot of inconvenience to the development of family potted ginseng plants. Most of the current literature reports on potted ginseng are relatively old, and the content is mostly repeated. The management methods introduced are basically based on the traditional ginseng land cultivation model, which simply moves ginseng cultivated in the natural environment to flower pots for cultivation, while for greenhouse factory ginseng Potted flower culture technique and management method are then not reported.

温室培育的人参相对大地栽培人参适应家庭环境能力更强,对于缺乏人参栽培经验的新手也容易培育成活。通过人参花盆上的微信二维码扫描等信息技术手段,为人们栽培中的疑难问题提供技术支持。在温室中采用营养块栽培一年的参苗生长期相当于大地栽培两年生人参,定植后容易缓苗。温室工厂化盆栽人参生产过程包括:人参营养块育苗、移栽进入花盆、人参植株矮化、盆栽人参越冬、人参休眠期调控等步骤。 Ginseng cultivated in greenhouses is better able to adapt to the family environment than ginseng cultivated on the ground, and it is easy to cultivate and survive for novices who lack ginseng cultivation experience. Through information technology means such as WeChat QR code scanning on ginseng flower pots, technical support is provided for difficult problems in people's cultivation. The growth period of the ginseng seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse for one year is equivalent to that of the two-year-old ginseng cultivated in the ground, and it is easy to slow down the seedlings after planting. The production process of potted ginseng in greenhouse industrialization includes: ginseng nutrient block seedling cultivation, transplanting into flower pots, ginseng plant dwarfing, potted ginseng overwintering, ginseng dormancy regulation and other steps.

将硅藻土复合人参栽培基质放置于内衬透水透气无纺布盆栽容器中,然后将营养块栽培人参苗带块移栽至花盆中进行栽培。为栽培者提供硅藻土复合人参栽培基质包的同时提供配套人参文化宣传花盆,使人参家庭盆栽简单便捷。通过采用透水透气无纺布将人参无土栽培基质包覆方法,可有效解决盆栽人参中存在的上盆、移栽、浇水、管理中遇到的栽培基质对家庭环境污染、取土换土繁琐等问题,使家庭盆栽人参栽培管理洁净、快速、简便。 The diatomaceous earth composite ginseng cultivation substrate is placed in a potted container lined with a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric, and then the ginseng seedlings cultivated with nutrient blocks are transplanted into flowerpots with blocks for cultivation. Provide growers with diatomaceous earth compound ginseng cultivation substrate package and provide matching ginseng culture promotion flower pots, making ginseng family potting simple and convenient. By using permeable and breathable non-woven fabrics to cover the ginseng soilless cultivation substrate, it can effectively solve the problem of potting, transplanting, watering, and management of the potted ginseng on the family environment, pollution of the cultivation substrate, and soil replacement. cumbersome and other problems, making the family potted ginseng cultivation and management clean, fast and easy.

通过温室工厂化盆栽人参管理模式,可以进行人参立体化栽培。由于多茎参参根增重快,抗病抗逆性强,皂甙含量高,具有较高的观赏价值,是人参花卉产业重点开发产品。采用温室营养块人参栽培模式,通过栽培基质养分及温室的调控,所培育的人参中多茎人参比例约为20%-30%。  Three-dimensional cultivation of ginseng can be carried out through the greenhouse factory potted ginseng management mode. Multi-stem ginseng has fast root weight gain, strong disease and stress resistance, high saponin content, and high ornamental value. It is a key product developed by the ginseng and flower industry. Greenhouse nutrient block ginseng cultivation mode is adopted, and the proportion of multi-stem ginseng in the cultivated ginseng is about 20%-30% through the regulation of cultivation substrate nutrients and greenhouse. the

  the

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是为发展盆栽人参产业,促进观光参业发展而提供一种规范化、标准化工厂温室人参盆栽管理方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a standardized and standardized factory greenhouse ginseng potted management method for developing the potted ginseng industry and promoting the development of the sightseeing ginseng industry.

本发明的技术解决方案是: Technical solution of the present invention is:

温室工厂化盆栽人参生产过程包括:人参营养块育苗、移栽进入花盆、人参植株矮化、盆栽人参越冬、人参休眠期调控等步骤。首先将硅藻土复合人参栽培基质放置于内衬透水透气无纺布盆栽容器中,然后将营养块栽培人参苗带块移栽至花盆中进行栽培。通过向盆栽人参喷洒浓度3000-4000ppm 的B9来使人参株型紧凑、矮壮,提高观赏性。在盆栽人参生长期内,温室内相对湿度控制在70-90%,温度18-25℃,盆土湿度30-40%。盆栽人参进入休眠期后温室冬季可不加温安全越冬,仅需在花盆上覆盖一层稻草或树叶等覆盖物,整个冬季不用浇水。经过3个月左右时间,待春季气温回升后,人参可自然生长发芽。通过配方药剂或植株冷冻方法来改变人参休眠期,根据市场需求分批解除休眠上市。 The production process of potted ginseng in greenhouse industrialization includes: ginseng nutrient block seedling cultivation, transplanting into flower pots, ginseng plant dwarfing, potted ginseng overwintering, ginseng dormancy regulation and other steps. Firstly, the diatomite-composite ginseng cultivation substrate is placed in a potted container lined with a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric, and then the ginseng seedlings cultivated with nutrient blocks are transplanted in blocks into flower pots for cultivation. By spraying B9 with a concentration of 3000-4000ppm to the potted ginseng to make the ginseng plant compact and short, and improve the ornamental value. During the growth period of potted ginseng, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 70-90%, the temperature is 18-25°C, and the pot soil humidity is 30-40%. After the potted ginseng enters the dormancy period, the greenhouse can safely survive the winter without heating. It only needs to cover the flowerpot with a layer of straw or leaves, and there is no need to water it throughout the winter. After about 3 months, when the temperature rises in spring, ginseng can grow and germinate naturally. Change the dormancy period of ginseng by formulating medicines or plant freezing methods, and release dormancy in batches according to market demand.

  the

本发明的主要优点: Main advantage of the present invention:

(1)与新林土或农田地栽培的人参相比,采用营养块温室盆栽模式选育出耐高温高湿、抗逆性强的人参植株具有适应家庭盆栽环境能力强,定植后容易缓苗,成活率高,多茎人参比例高等优点。通过栽培基质养分及温室环境的调控,所培育的人参中多茎人参比例为20%-30%。 (1) Compared with ginseng cultivated in new forest soil or farmland, the ginseng plants with high temperature and high humidity resistance and strong stress resistance bred by using the nutrient block greenhouse potting mode have a strong ability to adapt to the family potting environment and are easy to slow down seedlings after planting , high survival rate, and a high proportion of multi-stem ginseng. Through the regulation of cultivation substrate nutrients and greenhouse environment, the proportion of multi-stem ginseng in the cultivated ginseng is 20%-30%.

(2)温室工厂化人参盆栽可实现人参盆景集约化生产,提高人参作为观赏花卉的公众认知度,促进人参观光产业发展。 (2) Greenhouse industrialized ginseng bonsai can realize intensive production of ginseng bonsai, improve public awareness of ginseng as an ornamental flower, and promote the development of the ginseng industry.

(3)通过采用透水透气无纺布将人参无土栽培基质包覆方法,有效解决家庭盆栽人参中存在的上盆、移栽、浇水、管理中遇到的栽培基质对家庭环境污染、取土换土繁琐等问题,使家庭盆栽人参栽培管理洁净、快速、简便。 (3) Through the method of covering the ginseng soilless cultivation substrate with water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric, it can effectively solve the problems of the cultivation substrate encountered in the potting, transplanting, watering, and management of the household potted ginseng on the family environment. The cumbersome problems of soil replacement make the management of household potted ginseng cultivation clean, fast and easy.

  the

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面通过具体的实例对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below by specific examples.

温室工厂化人参盆栽包括以下具体步骤: Greenhouse factory ginseng potted planting includes the following specific steps:

一、人参营养块育苗 1. Ginseng nutrition block seedling cultivation

1. 在基底土上整齐摆放人参育苗专用营养块,块间距1-2cm,按照5×5一组方式摆放,组间距8-10cm,每平方米摆放200-300块。 1. Neatly arrange the special nutritional blocks for ginseng seedlings on the base soil, with a block spacing of 1-2cm, arranged in groups of 5×5, with a group spacing of 8-10cm, and 200-300 blocks per square meter.

2. 营养块上先用喷壶喷一遍水, 使表面湿润, 然后改用小水流向参床边缘灌水,使水淹没营养块体,直到营养块完全吸足吸透水,疏松膨胀,无硬芯。 2. Spray water on the nutrient block with a watering can to make the surface moist, and then use small water to pour water to the edge of the ginseng bed, so that the water submerges the nutrient block until the nutrient block is completely absorbent, loose and swells, without a hard core.

3. 在营养块的预置孔穴内点入催芽处理后的参籽,每块点籽1-2粒,然后覆盖2-3cm厚的基底土。(详见授权专利Z L 03127061.1) 3. Put ginseng seeds after germination treatment in the preset holes of the nutrition block, 1-2 seeds per block, and then cover with 2-3cm thick base soil. (See authorized patent Z L 03127061.1 for details)

二、盆装成型基质 2. Potted molding matrix

栽培人参选用高30cm、直径(长)为25cm的圆形或长方形花盆为宜,首先在盆底放入3-5cm后的消毒河沙。然后用透水透气的无纺布(规格30cm×25cm)将硅藻土复合人参栽培基质包裹,然后将基质包放在盆栽容器中,使栽培基质均匀分布于花盆中。为栽培者提供硅藻土复合人参栽培基质包的同时也提供配套人参文化宣传花盆,人参花卉栽培者买回后即可直接进行栽培,使人参家庭盆栽简单便捷。通过采用透水透气布将人参无土栽培基质包覆方法,有效解决家庭盆栽人参中存在的上盆、移栽、浇水、管理中遇到的栽培基质对家庭环境污染、取土换土繁琐等问题,使家庭盆栽人参栽培管理洁净、快速、简便。 It is advisable to cultivate ginseng with a round or rectangular flower pot with a height of 30 cm and a diameter (length) of 25 cm. First, put 3-5 cm of sterilized river sand on the bottom of the pot. Then wrap the diatomaceous earth composite ginseng cultivation substrate with a water-permeable and air-permeable non-woven fabric (specification 30cm×25cm), and then place the substrate package in a potting container so that the cultivation substrate is evenly distributed in the flower pot. While providing diatomaceous earth compound ginseng cultivation substrate package for growers, it also provides matching ginseng culture promotion flower pots. Ginseng flower growers can directly cultivate ginseng flowers after buying them back, making ginseng family potted plants simple and convenient. By using permeable and air-permeable cloth to cover the ginseng soilless cultivation substrate, it can effectively solve the problem of potting, transplanting, watering, and management of the household potted ginseng, which may cause pollution to the family environment, cumbersome soil removal, etc. Problems, making the family potted ginseng cultivation and management clean, quick and easy.

三、营养块培育参苗移栽 3. Nutrient block cultivation and transplanting of ginseng seedlings

为确保移栽不散块,移栽前要浇水一次,润湿营养块表皮即可。用铲子带块码放到塑料箱中备用,为方便转移至花盆中塑料箱底部应铺一层塑料薄膜。将营养块培育参苗移入装有栽培基质的盆栽容器中。移栽后立即浇水,随后保持种栽芽苞湿度。出土后盆中土温应保持17-28℃,湿度40-50%。北方地区春栽宜3月中旬至4月末,秋栽宜9月中旬;南方春栽可提前至3月-4月份,气温较高的南方地区不宜秋栽。出苗2-3年后,需进行倒盆移栽,春季移栽为宜。将原盆栽人参的无纺布包覆基质取出并更换成新的栽培基质。 In order to ensure that the transplanting does not disperse, it is necessary to water once before transplanting to moisten the skin of the nutrient block. Put it into the plastic box with a shovel and put it into the plastic box for subsequent use, and transfer it to the bottom of the plastic box in the flower pot for convenience. One layer of plastic film should be spread. Move the ginseng seedlings cultivated by the nutrient block into the potted container with the cultivation medium. Water immediately after transplanting, and then keep the humidity of the planting buds. After unearthed, the soil temperature in the pot should be kept at 17-28°C, and the humidity should be 40-50%. Spring planting in the northern region should be from mid-March to the end of April, and autumn planting should be in mid-September; spring planting in the south can be advanced to March-April, and autumn planting is not suitable for southern regions with higher temperatures. After 2-3 years of emergence, it needs to be transplanted in an inverted pot, preferably in spring. The non-woven covering substrate of the original potted ginseng was taken out and replaced with a new cultivation substrate.

四、温室内盆栽人参管理 4. Management of potted ginseng in the greenhouse

1.    光照管理:盆栽人参须遮荫,给以散射光照。6月下旬至8月上旬(30~40天)覆盖透光率30%遮阴网,考虑立秋后短期回热天气对参苗的影响,应适当延长遮阴网覆盖时间。 1. Light management: Potted ginseng must be shaded and given diffuse light. From late June to early August (30-40 days) cover the shading net with a light transmittance of 30%. Considering the impact of the short-term warm weather after the beginning of autumn on the ginseng seedlings, the shading net coverage time should be extended appropriately.

2.    水分管理:参苗出土后如盆土过干可浇少量水,浇水次数和量不宜多,以免烂根,浇水采用温室安装喷灌设备进行。水温要保持在在15-20℃,用静置2日以上水进行浇灌。浇水时间在上午9时以前,下午3时以后。土的湿度合适与否以手握成团,松手则散为简单判断标准。 2. Water management: After the ginseng seedlings emerge, if the pot soil is too dry, you can water a small amount of water. The frequency and amount of watering should not be too much to avoid root rot. Watering is carried out by installing sprinkler irrigation equipment in the greenhouse. The water temperature should be kept at 15-20°C, and watered with water that has been left to stand for more than 2 days. Watering time is before 9:00 am and after 3:00 pm. Whether the humidity of the soil is appropriate or not is a simple criterion for judging whether the soil is formed into a ball by holding it in the hand, and it will disperse when the hand is loosened.

3.    温度控制:温室内温度保持在18-25℃,温度高于27℃时开启通风降温设备。温度调控对温室盆栽人参至关重要,调温时要循序渐进,防止温度变化太大,对人参造成危害。 3. Temperature control: The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 18-25°C, and the ventilation and cooling equipment is turned on when the temperature is higher than 27°C. Temperature control is very important for potted ginseng in the greenhouse. When adjusting the temperature, it should be done step by step to prevent the temperature from changing too much and causing harm to ginseng.

4.    病害防治:在人参出苗前,喷1次波尔多120倍液进行盆土消毒。出苗后,间隔10天喷两次3%多抗霉素1000倍液进行苗期病害防治。苗期注意疫病、灰霉病和黑斑病等病害,可喷洒40%氟硅唑2000倍液进行防治,同时喷洒1次0.3%的磷酸二氢钾来增强参苗抗病能力。打药要避开温室高温期,通常在下午15-18时进行,8-10天打药一次,优选低残、高效生物杀菌农药,采用量筒或量杯等计量工具取药。 4. Disease control: Before the emergence of ginseng, spray 120 times of Bordeaux solution once to disinfect the pot soil. After emergence, spray 3% polyoxin 1000 times twice at intervals of 10 days to prevent and control diseases at the seedling stage. At the seedling stage, pay attention to diseases such as blight, gray mold, and black spot. You can spray 40% flusilazole 2000 times liquid for prevention and control, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once to enhance the disease resistance of ginseng seedlings. Spraying should avoid the high temperature period of the greenhouse, usually at 15-18 p.m., and spray once every 8-10 days. Low-residue, high-efficiency biocidal pesticides are preferred, and measuring tools such as measuring cylinders or cups are used to take the medicine.

5植株矮化:盆栽人参放在室内或阳台上观赏,若枝干过高,枝叶疏散,就会失去或降低观赏价值,因此以矮化为好。用B9抑制人参等的营养生长, 可使其株型矮化,提高观赏性。B9对人参植株总叶数没有影响, 但植株株型紧凑、矮壮, 不仅有利于抗倒伏, 也有利于增加栽培密度, 提高单位面积产量。B9喷洒浓度在3000-4000ppm为宜,在展叶期、生长期、开花期和结果期各喷洒一次。 5 Plant dwarfing: Potted ginseng is placed indoors or on the balcony for viewing. If the branches are too high and the branches and leaves are scattered, the ornamental value will be lost or reduced, so dwarfing is better. Using B9 to inhibit the vegetative growth of ginseng, etc. can make the plant dwarf and improve the ornamental value. B9 had no effect on the total leaf number of ginseng plants, but the plants were compact and short, which was not only beneficial to lodging resistance, but also conducive to increasing the planting density and yield per unit area. It is advisable to spray B9 at a concentration of 3000-4000ppm, and spray once each in the leaf spreading stage, growth stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage.

6. 越冬管理:温室栽培人参冬季可不加温安全越冬,仅需在花盆上覆盖一层稻草或树叶等覆盖物;家庭盆栽人参一般9月下旬后人参叶片枯萎后进入休眠期。此时剪去茎,移至阴凉处(保持在0-5℃之间),整个冬季一般不要浇水。经过3个月左右时间,待春季气温回升后,人参可自然生长发芽。 6. Overwintering management: Greenhouse cultivation of ginseng can safely survive the winter without heating, and only need to cover the flower pot with a layer of straw or leaves; household potted ginseng generally enters a dormant period after the leaves of ginseng wither in late September. Cut off the stems at this time, move to a cool place (keep between 0-5 ℃), generally do not water throughout the winter. After about 3 months, when the temperature rises in spring, ginseng can grow and germinate naturally.

  the

五、人参休眠期调控 5. Ginseng dormancy regulation

盆栽人参、西洋参,北方地区6月份开花,7月份可见绿果,7月下旬以后逐渐达到红果期。南方地区5月可开花,6月见绿果,7月份后逐渐达到红果期。 Potted ginseng and American ginseng bloom in June in the northern region, and green fruits can be seen in July, and gradually reach the red fruit stage after late July. In the southern region, it can bloom in May, see green fruits in June, and gradually reach the red fruit stage after July.

我们通过特别花期调控方法,根据不同环境和季节,采取不同控制措施改变人参生长休眠期,人为满足人参生长的自然规律和必须条件,以此实现盆栽人参在特定节日开花,满足节日市场对人参花卉的需求。 We use special flowering control methods, and take different control measures to change the dormant period of ginseng growth according to different environments and seasons, artificially satisfying the natural laws and necessary conditions of ginseng growth, so as to realize the blooming of potted ginseng on specific festivals and meet the demand for ginseng flowers in the festival market. demand.

通过对人参植株冷冻或药浸处理等方式来改变人参正常休眠期,从而控制其开花结果其在规定季节。对温室栽培三年生人参根,用20-30ppm赤霉素浸12-14小时,可以打破人参冬季休眠,提早出苗,并正常开花结实;在温室下面修建地下室,一方面可实现工厂规模化盆栽人参就近存储,此外通过控制地下室温度,将不同生长阶段的人参分批存放,根据市场需求分批解除休眠上市。非供热温室在10月下旬盆栽人参开始枯萎,当气温低于10℃开始处于休眠状态。若要使盆栽人参在十一期间上市,可采用如下措施:将处于休眠状态的盆栽人参移入冷藏室,使其继续保持休眠状态(冷藏室温度不超过2℃)。在5月15日前后移入温室栽培。在人参生长期内,温室内相对湿度控制在70-90%,温度18-25℃,盆土湿度30-40%,在9月下旬进入红果期。  Change the normal dormant period of ginseng by freezing or dipping ginseng plants, so as to control its flowering and fruiting in the specified season. For the three-year-old ginseng roots cultivated in the greenhouse, soak them with 20-30ppm gibberellin for 12-14 hours, which can break the dormancy of ginseng in winter, emerge early, and bloom and set normally; building a basement under the greenhouse can realize large-scale potted ginseng in factories on the one hand. Store nearby. In addition, by controlling the temperature in the basement, store ginseng in different growth stages in batches, and release dormancy in batches according to market demand. The potted ginseng in the non-heating greenhouse begins to wither in late October, and becomes dormant when the temperature is lower than 10°C. If you want to make potted ginseng on the market during November, you can take the following measures: move the dormant potted ginseng into the cold room to keep it in a dormant state (the temperature in the cold room should not exceed 2°C). Move them into the greenhouse for cultivation around May 15. During the ginseng growth period, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 70-90%, the temperature is 18-25°C, and the pot soil humidity is 30-40%. It enters the red fruit period in late September. the

Claims (1)

1.一种温室工厂化人参盆栽方法,其特征是具体步骤如下: 1. a greenhouse industrialization ginseng potted method is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows: 一、人参营养块育苗 1. Ginseng nutrition block seedling cultivation 在基底土上整齐摆放人参育苗专用营养块,块间距1-2cm,按照5×5一组方式摆放,组间距8-10cm; Neatly arrange the special nutrient blocks for ginseng seedling cultivation on the base soil, with a block spacing of 1-2cm, arranged in groups of 5×5, with a group spacing of 8-10cm; 营养块上先喷一遍水, 使表面湿润, 然后改用小水流向参床边缘灌水,使水淹没营养块体,直到营养块完全吸透水; Spray water on the nutrient block first to make the surface moist, and then use small water to pour water to the edge of the ginseng bed, so that the water submerges the nutrient block until the nutrient block completely absorbs water; 在营养块的预置孔穴内点入催芽处理后的参籽,每块点籽1-2粒,然后覆盖2-3cm厚的基底土; Put the germination-treated ginseng seeds in the preset holes of the nutrition block, 1-2 seeds per block, and then cover with 2-3cm thick base soil; 二、盆装成型基质 2. Potted molding matrix 栽培人参选用圆形或长方形花盆,在盆底放入3-5cm后的消毒河沙,用透水透气的无纺布将硅藻土复合人参栽培基质包裹,再将基质包放在盆栽容器中,使栽培基质均匀分布于花盆中; To cultivate ginseng, choose a round or rectangular flower pot, put 3-5cm of sterilized river sand in the bottom of the pot, wrap the diatomite compound ginseng cultivation substrate with water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric, and then put the substrate bag in the potting container , so that the cultivation medium is evenly distributed in the flowerpot; 三、营养块培育参苗移栽 3. Nutrient block cultivation and transplanting of ginseng seedlings 移栽前浇水一次,润湿营养块表皮,放到塑料箱中备用,将营养块培育参苗移入装有栽培基质的盆栽容器中,移栽后立即浇水,随后保持种栽芽苞湿度,出土后盆中土温应保持17-28℃,湿度40-50%,北方地区春栽3月中旬至4月末,秋栽9月中旬;南方春栽提前至3月-4月份,出苗2-3年后,需进行倒盆春季移栽,将原盆栽人参的无纺布包覆基质取出并更换成新的栽培基质; Water once before transplanting, moisten the skin of the nutrient block, put it in a plastic box for later use, move the ginseng seedlings cultivated by the nutrient block into a potted container with a cultivation medium, water immediately after transplanting, and then keep the humidity of the planting buds After unearthed, the soil temperature in the pot should be kept at 17-28°C and the humidity 40-50%. -After 3 years, it is necessary to perform inverted pot spring transplanting, and take out the non-woven covering substrate of the original potted ginseng and replace it with a new cultivation substrate; 四、温室内盆栽人参管理 4. Management of potted ginseng in the greenhouse (1).   光照管理:盆栽人参须遮荫,给以散射光照,6月下旬至8月上旬,30~40天,覆盖透光率30%遮阴网; (1). Light management: Potted ginseng must be shaded and given scattered light. From late June to early August, 30 to 40 days, covered with a shading net with a light transmittance of 30%; (2).   水分管理:参苗出土后盆土过干应少量浇水,浇水次数和量不能多,以免烂根,水温在15-20℃,用静置2日以上水进行浇灌,浇水时间在上午9时以前,下午3时以后,土的湿度以手握成团,松手则散为简单判断标准; (2). Water management: After the ginseng seedlings are unearthed, the pot soil should be watered in a small amount when the pot soil is too dry. The frequency and amount of watering should not be too much to avoid root rot. The water time is before 9:00 am and after 3:00 pm. The humidity of the soil can be judged simply by holding hands together and loosening them; (3).   温度控制:温室内温度保持在18-25℃,调温时要循序渐进,防止温度变化太大; (3). Temperature control: keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 18-25°C, and adjust the temperature step by step to prevent the temperature from changing too much; (4).   病害防治:在人参出苗前,喷1次波尔多120倍液进行盆土消毒,出苗后,间隔10天喷两次3%多抗霉素,1000倍液进行苗期病害防治,苗期喷洒40%氟硅唑2000倍液进行防治疫病,同时喷洒1次0.3%的磷酸二氢钾来增强参苗抗病能力,打药要避开温室高温期,通常在下午15-18时进行,8-10天打药一次,优选低残、高效生物杀菌农药; (4). Disease control: Before the emergence of ginseng, spray 120 times of Bordeaux liquid once to disinfect the pot soil. After emergence, spray 3% polyoxin twice at intervals of 10 days, and 1000 times of liquid to prevent and control diseases at the seedling stage. Periodically spray 40% flusilazole 2000 times liquid to prevent and control the disease, and at the same time spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once to enhance the disease resistance of the ginseng seedlings. The spraying should avoid the high temperature period of the greenhouse, usually at 15-18 pm. Spray once every 8-10 days, preferably low-residue, high-efficiency biocidal pesticides; (5)植株矮化:用B9抑制人参的营养生长,使其株型矮化, B9喷洒浓度为3000-4000ppm,在展叶期、生长期、开花期和结果期各喷洒一次; (5) Plant dwarfing: Use B9 to inhibit the vegetative growth of ginseng and make its plant dwarf. The spraying concentration of B9 is 3000-4000ppm, and it is sprayed once in the leaf spreading period, growth period, flowering period and fruiting period; (6).  越冬管理:温室栽培人参安全越冬,仅需在花盆上覆盖一层稻草或树叶覆盖物;家庭盆栽人参一般9月下旬后人参叶片枯萎后进入休眠期,此时剪去茎,移至阴凉处,保持在0-5℃之间,整个冬季不要浇水; (6). Overwintering management: Greenhouse cultivation of ginseng is safe overwintering, only need to cover a layer of straw or leaf mulch on the flowerpot; household potted ginseng generally enters the dormancy period after the ginseng leaves wither in late September, then cut off the stems and move to a cool place , kept between 0-5 ℃, do not water throughout the winter; 五、人参休眠期调控 5. Ginseng dormancy regulation 对温室栽培三年生人参根,用20-30ppm赤霉素浸12-14小时,打破人参冬季休眠,提早出苗,并正常开花结实;根据市场需求分批解除休眠上市,非供热温室在10月下旬盆栽人参开始枯萎,当气温低于10℃开始处于休眠状态,若使盆栽人参在“十一”期间上市,采用如下措施:将处于休眠状态的盆栽人参移入冷藏室,使其继续保持休眠状态,冷藏室温度不超过2℃,在5月中旬移入温室栽培,在人参生长期内,温室内相对湿度控制在70-90%,温度18-25℃,盆土湿度30-40%,在9月下旬进入红果期。 For the three-year-old ginseng roots cultivated in the greenhouse, soak them with 20-30ppm gibberellin for 12-14 hours to break the dormancy of ginseng in winter, to emerge early, and to bloom and set normally; according to market demand, the dormancy will be released in batches, and the non-heating greenhouse will be released in October. Potted ginseng begins to wither in the second ten days of the month, and it begins to be dormant when the temperature is lower than 10°C. If the potted ginseng is put on the market during the "October" period, the following measures should be taken: move the dormant potted ginseng into the cold room to keep it in a dormant state , the temperature in the cold storage room does not exceed 2°C, and it is moved into the greenhouse for cultivation in mid-May. During the ginseng growth period, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 70-90%, the temperature is 18-25°C, and the pot soil humidity is 30-40%. It enters the red fruit period in the second ten days of the month.
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US20180134968A1 (en) * 2015-05-20 2018-05-17 Nankai University Catalyst for preparing biological aviation kerosene with castor oil, preparation method and application thereof
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