CN104255247A - Greenhouse industrialized ginseng potting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a factory-style ginseng potted planting method in a greenhouse, which involves transplanting ginseng seedlings cultivated with a peat block-type substrate into a non-woven fabric-coated diatomite composite ginseng soilless cultivation substrate Cultivated in pots. It includes: raising ginseng nutrient block seedlings, transplanting into flowerpots, dwarfing ginseng plants, overwintering ginseng in pots, regulating ginseng dormancy period and other steps. Change the normal dormant period of ginseng by freezing or dipping ginseng plants, so as to control the flowering and fruiting of ginseng in the specified season, so as to meet the needs of the festival flower market. The use of potted plants is conducive to family planting. During the growth period of ginseng, ginseng can be viewed and harvested, and the public awareness of ginseng as an ornamental flower can be improved. Greenhouse industrialization of ginseng potted plants can realize the intensive production of ginseng potted plants and promote the development of ginseng bonsai industry.

Description

A kind of greenhouse industrialized ginseng potted planting method

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technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a greenhouse industrialized ginseng potted cultivation method. Background technique

In recent years, with the further advancement of the ginseng industry revitalization project in Jilin Province, the price of ginseng has repeatedly hit high levels. Folks are enthusiastic about potted ginseng. At present, there are many online shops selling potted ginseng. The potted ginseng sold is simply transplanted ginseng from the cultivated forest land in Changbai Mountains into flower pots, leaving the unique cold climate resources in Changbai Mountains. Diseases frequently occur during subsequent growth. Ginseng is difficult to survive, which greatly limits the development of horticultural potted ginseng industry. In addition, there are many problems with the cultivation substrate provided by the online store: for example, it is taken from the local ginseng soil, which is a kind of destructive behavior to the local environment; Problems such as excessive heavy metals and pesticide residues will have adverse effects on the growth of ginseng. Practice has shown that the development of Beiyao, ginseng out of the Changbai Mountains, breaking through the harsh requirements of ginseng growth on the climate, and breeding ginseng varieties with high temperature resistance and strong disease resistance are of great significance. At the same time, combined with custom-made ginseng culture flower pots, it spreads ginseng culture, enhances the soft power of the ginseng industry, improves the public's awareness of ginseng, and promotes the healthy development of the ginseng industry.

We have carried out a lot of work in the field of research and development and application of new ginseng cultivation methods, and have carried out a lot of work in the fields of compressed substrate for ginseng seedling cultivation, ginseng cultivation with nutrition blocks in greenhouses, soilless cultivation substrate for ginseng and diatomite composite superabsorbent resin for ginseng cultivation. Work, see invention patents 201010164887.X, 201310034947.X, 201410017623.X and 201410017583.9 for details. Our advantage is that as a leader in the facility ginseng industry, we have accumulated rich experience in the field of ginseng facility cultivation based on peat block substrates. The organic green ginseng cultivation substrate has been widely recognized, and we have established many experimental demonstration bases, which are ready for large-scale promotion. From Yanbian International Trade Agricultural Science and Technology Park to Jingyu County Ginseng Industrial Park, after four years of development, we have bred ginseng plants with high temperature and humidity resistance and strong stress resistance in the solar greenhouse, providing an important guarantee for the industrialization of potted ginseng flowers .

There are few related patents about potted ginseng. In his invention patent (application number 01127999.0), Zou Junbo introduced the ginseng cultivation matrix formula containing heavy metal Ag, which is not allowed by the current ginseng industry development, and does not involve specific technical details such as potted ginseng disease prevention and control, overwintering, etc. Ma Weiguo introduced in the invention patent (application number 93117944.0) that ginseng plants and seeds are treated by freezing and soaking in medicine to change their dormancy period to achieve ginseng hanging red fruits during a specific period. The technical scheme adopted is poor in operability. After practice, it was found The flowering ratio of ginseng plants after freezing is greatly reduced, which greatly limits the development of this kind of potted ginseng flowers. Patent CN1327717A only introduces potted ginseng cultivation substrate configuration, ginseng seed treatment, etc., but does not involve potted ginseng shading, disease prevention, overwintering and transplanting. Liu Bingren briefly introduced the management methods of ginseng potted plants in the 6th issue of "Flowers" magazine in 2013. The ratio and treatment of the cultivation substrate used, the application of base fertilizer, etc., brought a lot of inconvenience to the development of family potted ginseng plants. Most of the current literature reports on potted ginseng are relatively old, and the content is mostly repeated. The management methods introduced are basically based on the traditional ginseng land cultivation model, which simply moves ginseng cultivated in the natural environment to flower pots for cultivation, while for greenhouse factory ginseng Potted flower culture technique and management method are then not reported.

Ginseng cultivated in greenhouses is better able to adapt to the family environment than ginseng cultivated on the ground, and it is easy to cultivate and survive for novices who lack ginseng cultivation experience. Through information technology means such as WeChat QR code scanning on ginseng flower pots, technical support is provided for difficult problems in people's cultivation. The growth period of the ginseng seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse for one year is equivalent to that of the two-year-old ginseng cultivated in the ground, and it is easy to slow down the seedlings after planting. The production process of potted ginseng in greenhouse industrialization includes: ginseng nutrient block seedling cultivation, transplanting into flower pots, ginseng plant dwarfing, potted ginseng overwintering, ginseng dormancy regulation and other steps.

The diatomaceous earth composite ginseng cultivation substrate is placed in a potted container lined with a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric, and then the ginseng seedlings cultivated with nutrient blocks are transplanted into flowerpots with blocks for cultivation. Provide growers with diatomaceous earth compound ginseng cultivation substrate package and provide matching ginseng culture promotion flower pots, making ginseng family potting simple and convenient. By using permeable and breathable non-woven fabrics to cover the ginseng soilless cultivation substrate, it can effectively solve the problem of potting, transplanting, watering, and management of the potted ginseng on the family environment, pollution of the cultivation substrate, and soil replacement. cumbersome and other problems, making the family potted ginseng cultivation and management clean, fast and easy.

Three-dimensional cultivation of ginseng can be carried out through the greenhouse factory potted ginseng management mode. Multi-stem ginseng has fast root weight gain, strong disease and stress resistance, high saponin content, and high ornamental value. It is a key product developed by the ginseng and flower industry. Greenhouse nutrient block ginseng cultivation mode is adopted, and the proportion of multi-stem ginseng in the cultivated ginseng is about 20%-30% through the regulation of cultivation substrate nutrients and greenhouse. the

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Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a standardized and standardized factory greenhouse ginseng potted management method for developing the potted ginseng industry and promoting the development of the sightseeing ginseng industry.

Technical solution of the present invention is:

The production process of potted ginseng in greenhouse industrialization includes: ginseng nutrient block seedling cultivation, transplanting into flower pots, ginseng plant dwarfing, potted ginseng overwintering, ginseng dormancy regulation and other steps. Firstly, the diatomite-composite ginseng cultivation substrate is placed in a potted container lined with a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric, and then the ginseng seedlings cultivated with nutrient blocks are transplanted in blocks into flower pots for cultivation. By spraying B9 with a concentration of 3000-4000ppm to the potted ginseng to make the ginseng plant compact and short, and improve the ornamental value. During the growth period of potted ginseng, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 70-90%, the temperature is 18-25°C, and the pot soil humidity is 30-40%. After the potted ginseng enters the dormancy period, the greenhouse can safely survive the winter without heating. It only needs to cover the flowerpot with a layer of straw or leaves, and there is no need to water it throughout the winter. After about 3 months, when the temperature rises in spring, ginseng can grow and germinate naturally. Change the dormancy period of ginseng by formulating medicines or plant freezing methods, and release dormancy in batches according to market demand.

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Main advantage of the present invention:

(1) Compared with ginseng cultivated in new forest soil or farmland, the ginseng plants with high temperature and high humidity resistance and strong stress resistance bred by using the nutrient block greenhouse potting mode have a strong ability to adapt to the family potting environment and are easy to slow down seedlings after planting , high survival rate, and a high proportion of multi-stem ginseng. Through the regulation of cultivation substrate nutrients and greenhouse environment, the proportion of multi-stem ginseng in the cultivated ginseng is 20%-30%.

(2) Greenhouse industrialized ginseng bonsai can realize intensive production of ginseng bonsai, improve public awareness of ginseng as an ornamental flower, and promote the development of the ginseng industry.

(3) Through the method of covering the ginseng soilless cultivation substrate with water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric, it can effectively solve the problems of the cultivation substrate encountered in the potting, transplanting, watering, and management of the household potted ginseng on the family environment. The cumbersome problems of soil replacement make the management of household potted ginseng cultivation clean, fast and easy.

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Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below by specific examples.

Greenhouse factory ginseng potted planting includes the following specific steps:

1. Ginseng nutrition block seedling cultivation

1. Neatly arrange the special nutritional blocks for ginseng seedlings on the base soil, with a block spacing of 1-2cm, arranged in groups of 5×5, with a group spacing of 8-10cm, and 200-300 blocks per square meter.

2. Spray water on the nutrient block with a watering can to make the surface moist, and then use small water to pour water to the edge of the ginseng bed, so that the water submerges the nutrient block until the nutrient block is completely absorbent, loose and swells, without a hard core.

3. Put ginseng seeds after germination treatment in the preset holes of the nutrition block, 1-2 seeds per block, and then cover with 2-3cm thick base soil. (See authorized patent Z L 03127061.1 for details)

2. Potted molding matrix

It is advisable to cultivate ginseng with a round or rectangular flower pot with a height of 30 cm and a diameter (length) of 25 cm. First, put 3-5 cm of sterilized river sand on the bottom of the pot. Then wrap the diatomaceous earth composite ginseng cultivation substrate with a water-permeable and air-permeable non-woven fabric (specification 30cm×25cm), and then place the substrate package in a potting container so that the cultivation substrate is evenly distributed in the flower pot. While providing diatomaceous earth compound ginseng cultivation substrate package for growers, it also provides matching ginseng culture promotion flower pots. Ginseng flower growers can directly cultivate ginseng flowers after buying them back, making ginseng family potted plants simple and convenient. By using permeable and air-permeable cloth to cover the ginseng soilless cultivation substrate, it can effectively solve the problem of potting, transplanting, watering, and management of the household potted ginseng, which may cause pollution to the family environment, cumbersome soil removal, etc. Problems, making the family potted ginseng cultivation and management clean, quick and easy.

3. Nutrient block cultivation and transplanting of ginseng seedlings

In order to ensure that the transplanting does not disperse, it is necessary to water once before transplanting to moisten the skin of the nutrient block. Put it into the plastic box with a shovel and put it into the plastic box for subsequent use, and transfer it to the bottom of the plastic box in the flower pot for convenience. One layer of plastic film should be spread. Move the ginseng seedlings cultivated by the nutrient block into the potted container with the cultivation medium. Water immediately after transplanting, and then keep the humidity of the planting buds. After unearthed, the soil temperature in the pot should be kept at 17-28°C, and the humidity should be 40-50%. Spring planting in the northern region should be from mid-March to the end of April, and autumn planting should be in mid-September; spring planting in the south can be advanced to March-April, and autumn planting is not suitable for southern regions with higher temperatures. After 2-3 years of emergence, it needs to be transplanted in an inverted pot, preferably in spring. The non-woven covering substrate of the original potted ginseng was taken out and replaced with a new cultivation substrate.

4. Management of potted ginseng in the greenhouse

1. Light management: Potted ginseng must be shaded and given diffuse light. From late June to early August (30-40 days) cover the shading net with a light transmittance of 30%. Considering the impact of the short-term warm weather after the beginning of autumn on the ginseng seedlings, the shading net coverage time should be extended appropriately.

2. Water management: After the ginseng seedlings emerge, if the pot soil is too dry, you can water a small amount of water. The frequency and amount of watering should not be too much to avoid root rot. Watering is carried out by installing sprinkler irrigation equipment in the greenhouse. The water temperature should be kept at 15-20°C, and watered with water that has been left to stand for more than 2 days. Watering time is before 9:00 am and after 3:00 pm. Whether the humidity of the soil is appropriate or not is a simple criterion for judging whether the soil is formed into a ball by holding it in the hand, and it will disperse when the hand is loosened.

3. Temperature control: The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 18-25°C, and the ventilation and cooling equipment is turned on when the temperature is higher than 27°C. Temperature control is very important for potted ginseng in the greenhouse. When adjusting the temperature, it should be done step by step to prevent the temperature from changing too much and causing harm to ginseng.

4. Disease control: Before the emergence of ginseng, spray 120 times of Bordeaux solution once to disinfect the pot soil. After emergence, spray 3% polyoxin 1000 times twice at intervals of 10 days to prevent and control diseases at the seedling stage. At the seedling stage, pay attention to diseases such as blight, gray mold, and black spot. You can spray 40% flusilazole 2000 times liquid for prevention and control, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once to enhance the disease resistance of ginseng seedlings. Spraying should avoid the high temperature period of the greenhouse, usually at 15-18 p.m., and spray once every 8-10 days. Low-residue, high-efficiency biocidal pesticides are preferred, and measuring tools such as measuring cylinders or cups are used to take the medicine.

5 Plant dwarfing: Potted ginseng is placed indoors or on the balcony for viewing. If the branches are too high and the branches and leaves are scattered, the ornamental value will be lost or reduced, so dwarfing is better. Using B9 to inhibit the vegetative growth of ginseng, etc. can make the plant dwarf and improve the ornamental value. B9 had no effect on the total leaf number of ginseng plants, but the plants were compact and short, which was not only beneficial to lodging resistance, but also conducive to increasing the planting density and yield per unit area. It is advisable to spray B9 at a concentration of 3000-4000ppm, and spray once each in the leaf spreading stage, growth stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage.

6. Overwintering management: Greenhouse cultivation of ginseng can safely survive the winter without heating, and only need to cover the flower pot with a layer of straw or leaves; household potted ginseng generally enters a dormant period after the leaves of ginseng wither in late September. Cut off the stems at this time, move to a cool place (keep between 0-5 ℃), generally do not water throughout the winter. After about 3 months, when the temperature rises in spring, ginseng can grow and germinate naturally.

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5. Ginseng dormancy regulation

Potted ginseng and American ginseng bloom in June in the northern region, and green fruits can be seen in July, and gradually reach the red fruit stage after late July. In the southern region, it can bloom in May, see green fruits in June, and gradually reach the red fruit stage after July.

We use special flowering control methods, and take different control measures to change the dormant period of ginseng growth according to different environments and seasons, artificially satisfying the natural laws and necessary conditions of ginseng growth, so as to realize the blooming of potted ginseng on specific festivals and meet the demand for ginseng flowers in the festival market. demand.

Change the normal dormant period of ginseng by freezing or dipping ginseng plants, so as to control its flowering and fruiting in the specified season. For the three-year-old ginseng roots cultivated in the greenhouse, soak them with 20-30ppm gibberellin for 12-14 hours, which can break the dormancy of ginseng in winter, emerge early, and bloom and set normally; building a basement under the greenhouse can realize large-scale potted ginseng in factories on the one hand. Store nearby. In addition, by controlling the temperature in the basement, store ginseng in different growth stages in batches, and release dormancy in batches according to market demand. The potted ginseng in the non-heating greenhouse begins to wither in late October, and becomes dormant when the temperature is lower than 10°C. If you want to make potted ginseng on the market during November, you can take the following measures: move the dormant potted ginseng into the cold room to keep it in a dormant state (the temperature in the cold room should not exceed 2°C). Move them into the greenhouse for cultivation around May 15. During the ginseng growth period, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 70-90%, the temperature is 18-25°C, and the pot soil humidity is 30-40%. It enters the red fruit period in late September. the

Claims (1)

1. a greenhouse industrialization ginseng potted method is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows: 1. Ginseng nutrition block seedling cultivation Neatly arrange the special nutrient blocks for ginseng seedling cultivation on the base soil, with a block spacing of 1-2cm, arranged in groups of 5×5, with a group spacing of 8-10cm; Spray water on the nutrient block first to make the surface moist, and then use small water to pour water to the edge of the ginseng bed, so that the water submerges the nutrient block until the nutrient block completely absorbs water; Put the germination-treated ginseng seeds in the preset holes of the nutrition block, 1-2 seeds per block, and then cover with 2-3cm thick base soil; 2. Potted molding matrix To cultivate ginseng, choose a round or rectangular flower pot, put 3-5cm of sterilized river sand in the bottom of the pot, wrap the diatomite compound ginseng cultivation substrate with water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric, and then put the substrate bag in the potting container , so that the cultivation medium is evenly distributed in the flowerpot; 3. Nutrient block cultivation and transplanting of ginseng seedlings Water once before transplanting, moisten the skin of the nutrient block, put it in a plastic box for later use, move the ginseng seedlings cultivated by the nutrient block into a potted container with a cultivation medium, water immediately after transplanting, and then keep the humidity of the planting buds After unearthed, the soil temperature in the pot should be kept at 17-28°C and the humidity 40-50%. -After 3 years, it is necessary to perform inverted pot spring transplanting, and take out the non-woven covering substrate of the original potted ginseng and replace it with a new cultivation substrate; 4. Management of potted ginseng in the greenhouse (1). Light management: Potted ginseng must be shaded and given scattered light. From late June to early August, 30 to 40 days, covered with a shading net with a light transmittance of 30%; (2). Water management: After the ginseng seedlings are unearthed, the pot soil should be watered in a small amount when the pot soil is too dry. The frequency and amount of watering should not be too much to avoid root rot. The water time is before 9:00 am and after 3:00 pm. The humidity of the soil can be judged simply by holding hands together and loosening them; (3). Temperature control: keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 18-25°C, and adjust the temperature step by step to prevent the temperature from changing too much; (4). Disease control: Before the emergence of ginseng, spray 120 times of Bordeaux liquid once to disinfect the pot soil. After emergence, spray 3% polyoxin twice at intervals of 10 days, and 1000 times of liquid to prevent and control diseases at the seedling stage. Periodically spray 40% flusilazole 2000 times liquid to prevent and control the disease, and at the same time spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once to enhance the disease resistance of the ginseng seedlings. The spraying should avoid the high temperature period of the greenhouse, usually at 15-18 pm. Spray once every 8-10 days, preferably low-residue, high-efficiency biocidal pesticides; (5) Plant dwarfing: Use B9 to inhibit the vegetative growth of ginseng and make its plant dwarf. The spraying concentration of B9 is 3000-4000ppm, and it is sprayed once in the leaf spreading period, growth period, flowering period and fruiting period; (6). Overwintering management: Greenhouse cultivation of ginseng is safe overwintering, only need to cover a layer of straw or leaf mulch on the flowerpot; household potted ginseng generally enters the dormancy period after the ginseng leaves wither in late September, then cut off the stems and move to a cool place , kept between 0-5 ℃, do not water throughout the winter; 5. Ginseng dormancy regulation For the three-year-old ginseng roots cultivated in the greenhouse, soak them with 20-30ppm gibberellin for 12-14 hours to break the dormancy of ginseng in winter, to emerge early, and to bloom and set normally; according to market demand, the dormancy will be released in batches, and the non-heating greenhouse will be released in October. Potted ginseng begins to wither in the second ten days of the month, and it begins to be dormant when the temperature is lower than 10°C. If the potted ginseng is put on the market during the "October" period, the following measures should be taken: move the dormant potted ginseng into the cold room to keep it in a dormant state , the temperature in the cold storage room does not exceed 2°C, and it is moved into the greenhouse for cultivation in mid-May. During the ginseng growth period, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 70-90%, the temperature is 18-25°C, and the pot soil humidity is 30-40%. It enters the red fruit period in the second ten days of the month.