CN103733965A - Production method of composite diatomite soilless culture substrate for ginseng - Google Patents

Production method of composite diatomite soilless culture substrate for ginseng Download PDF

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CN103733965A
CN103733965A CN201410017623.XA CN201410017623A CN103733965A CN 103733965 A CN103733965 A CN 103733965A CN 201410017623 A CN201410017623 A CN 201410017623A CN 103733965 A CN103733965 A CN 103733965A
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ginseng
diatomite
bone meal
soilless culture
peat
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CN103733965B (en
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赵亮
苏忠民
刘晓明
李鹿
李光哲
赵红艳
刘宝
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Northeast Normal University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation and particularly relates to a production method of a composite diatomite soilless culture substrate for ginseng. The soilless culture substrate for ginseng is made by proportionally mixing peat, straws, dear excrement, linden sawdust, bone meal, humic acid, diatomite, composite diatomite degradable macromolecular water retention materials, microelements and the like, and is organic, ecological, economical, environment friendly and slow in release. Using the novel soilless culture substrate for ginseng cultivation changes a traditional mode of damaging forests for ginseng cultivation and realizes large-scale, intensified, protected and standard ginseng cultivation to effectively improve ginseng yield and quality. The soilless culture substrate can be used for cultivation of ginseng bonsai and ginseng floriculture to promote development of sightseeing ginseng industry, the conventional concept that the ginseng can be cultivated in the Northeast of China only is broken, and the soilless culture substrate can be used for cultivation of ginseng for drug use, edible use and household appreciation.

Description

The production method of the compound ginseng soilless culture substrate of a kind of diatomite
technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal plant cultivation technical field, be specifically related to the production method of the compound ginseng soilless culture substrate of a kind of diatomite.
Background technology
Ginseng belongs to Araliaceae Panax, is the negative herbaceous plant of dicotyledonous perennial root.Tame ginseng is called garden ginsent (having another name called family's ginseng).At present, Chinese people ginseng cultivating is still continued to use traditional deforestation and is planted ginseng (newly woods soil is planted ginseng), the rear also planting type of woods of ginseng, conventionally cultivation one square meter ginseng need to be cut down three square meter forests, add that ginseng ground multidigit is in the mountain that has inconvenient traffic, conventional ginseng cultivation mode has been wasted a large amount of forest land resources and human resources, increase ginseng production cost, limited output and the quality of high-quality ginseng.In addition, ginseng is the same with other perennial plants, avoids ground property very strong, can not continuous cropping, and can not continuous cropping.Ginseng continuous cropping, crop rotation there will be serious plant disease, burn must, rotten serious.Although traditional culture of ginseng mode output is higher, heavy damage the ecotope in forest zone, mountain area, comprehensive benefit is not high.The farmland ginseng planting that the ginsengs such as Korea S, Japan, Canada, the U.S., American Ginseng producing country adopt does not destroy ecology, and shortcoming is to yield poorly, and disease is serious; Improvement cost in ground, farmland is high, and the cycle is long; And the same existence of farmland ginseng planting can not continuous cropping and continuous cropping problem.
China is the country of culture of ginseng area maximum in the world, and the implantation methods of carrying out science can protect the forest resources, is conducive to again ginseng industry Sustainable Healthy Development.Ginseng woods land used contradiction in ginseng planting is sharp-pointed all the more in recent years, and ginseng industrial land shortage problem is outstanding day by day.Within 2012, China's official approval ginseng is resource food, for the huge market demand of ginseng, impel us to adopt new-type ginseng cultivation technique, realizing ginseng standardization, standardization plantation, improve ginseng quantity and quality, is the only way of Chinese ginseng industry sustainable development.
Soilless culture refers to and adopts the natural soil method that material is cultivated plant in addition, comprises water planting, mist (gas) training, substrate culture etc.Conventionally adopt the chemically inert materials such as gravel, peat, vermiculite, float stone, wood sawdust as soilless culture substrate.Researcher has carried out the traditional Chinese medicine soilless culture researchs such as American Ginseng, the red sage root, the root of Chinese wild ginger, research shows that soilless culture is a kind ofly can conveniently simulate the planting patterns of genuine traditional Chinese medicine material nutrition supply, can produce that inherent quality is good, drug effect is high, meet the traditional Chinese medicine of GAP production requirement.
About the ginseng soilless culture research of scale, mainly concentrate at present the pilot development of cultivation matrix, not yet form commercialization, standardization, scale production.Our peat to ferment, straw, deer excrement etc. is primary raw material, science is mixed the required nitrogen of Ginseng Growth, phosphorus, the macroelement such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, trace element and have the compound degradable macromolecule water-keeping material of diatomite of independent intellectual property right in germanium etc., be developed into ginseng soilless culture dedicated substrate, the various nutritions of the required use of Ginseng Growth have not only been met, and can effectively prevent the multiple ginseng diseases of people, cultivate saponin content and the high ginseng of biological organic germanium content, can be used as exploitation high energy static(al) liquid, high energy outburst liquid and high energy endurance liquid ginseng health product raw material.Terminated traditional deforestation of the application of novel culture of ginseng matrix is planted moduli formula, can save a large amount of forest land resources, significant for Changbaishan area forest conservation.Relatively deforestation is planted ginseng, and using this matrix to carry out culture of ginseng, to have cost low, output advantages of higher.Meanwhile, also facilitate ginseng is nursed to management, ginseng agriculture needn't be treated on ungetable ginseng ground throughout the year, thereby save a large amount of costs of human resources.
By simulation Ginseng Growth environment, adopt novel ginseng soilless culture substrate can realize northeastward and carry out ginseng intensive cultivating beyond area; For potted plant ginseng matrix, can meet culture of ginseng cycle needs, for gardening ginseng industry large-scale promotion lays the foundation.Novel culture of ginseng matrix can realize ginseng standard, standardization and facilityization cultivation, guarantee output and the quality of ginseng, effectively solving forest land and farmland ginseng planting can not continuous cropping and the bottleneck problem of continuous cropping, meet the developing direction that domestic and international medicinal plant plant husbandry and industrialized agriculture are produced, popularizing application prospect is wide.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to plant the deficiency of ginseng and farmland ginseng planting and a kind of standardization, standardization, spacetabs type ginseng soilless culture substrate and production method thereof are provided for traditional deforestation.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
According to mass percent, take the compound ginseng soilless culture substrate of diatomite raw material: fermenting mixture 80%, the compound acidifying bone meal 8% of diatomite, ammonification humic acid 5%, desalination conch meal 3%, the compound slowly releasing trace element 2% of diatomite, beneficial microbe 1.5% and the compound degradable macromolecule water-keeping materials 0.5% of diatomite such as peat, straw and deer excrement.Then according to the number of above-mentioned each constituent weight, according to from how to join in agitator and to mix successively to few order, while stirring, feed in raw material, after whole constituents add, continue again to stir 10 minutes, then the matrix being uniformly mixed is dried to (60 ℃ of left and right of bake out temperature) to water content≤20%, the packing of again matrix of oven dry being weighed after detection matrix physical and chemical index is qualified.
The compound ginseng soilless culture substrate of this diatomite has been applied to culture of ginseng, and Ginseng Growth desired nutritional composition can be provided, and can reduce ginseng multiple diseases in seedling stage, improves ginseng survival rate, effectively improves output and the quality of ginseng.Realize the scale of ginseng level land, intensive, facility, standardized planting.
The major advantage of invention:
(1) a kind of novel nourishing spacetabs type ginseng soilless culture substrate.
Science is added diatomite and diatomite composite biological degradable macromolecule water-keeping material, the three-dimensional space network structure of diatomite duct and water-absorbing-retaining material can effectively be pinned moisture, organic matter and nutritive element, in Ginseng Growth, slowly discharge, reach and reduce organic and the loss of nutritive element and the object of volatilization.
(2) save a large amount of forest land resources and human resources.
Conventionally cultivation one square meter ginseng need to be cut down three square meter forests, and the application of novel culture of ginseng matrix traditional deforestation that terminated is planted moduli formula, significant for Changbaishan area forest conservation; Meanwhile, also facilitate ginseng is nursed to management, ginseng agriculture needn't be garrisoned throughout the year in ungetable mountain, saves a large amount of human resources and management cost.
(3) realize the standardization of ginseng ginseng, intensive and facilityization cultivation.
Novel culture of ginseng matrix can realize the standardization of ginseng ginseng, intensive and facilityization cultivation, guarantee output and the quality of ginseng, effectively solving forest land and farmland ginseng planting can not continuous cropping and the bottleneck problem of continuous cropping, meets the developing direction that domestic and international medicinal plant plant husbandry and industrialized agriculture are produced.
(4) can be used as potted plant ginseng matrix, development gardening ginseng industry.
The compound ginseng soilless culture substrate of diatomite, as potted plant ginseng matrix, can meet culture of ginseng cycle growth needs, for gardening ginseng industry large-scale promotion lays the foundation.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Ginseng soilless culture substrate is produced and is comprised following concrete steps:
One, raw material is processed
1. peat pretreatment
Figure 84883DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
with the direct broken air-dry peat of hammer crusher.
Figure 857667DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in peat after pulverizing, add appropriate quicklime (every cube of peat soil adds 8-10Kg quicklime), stir, carry out pH pH-value determination pH, mixture pH value is advisable at 7.0-7.2.
2. straw pretreatment
Figure 132791DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
with cracker, rice straw powder is broken to 1-2cm.
Figure 307420DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
straw after pulverizing is carried out to germ dissipation with 10%-20% athomin.
3. the mixed culture fermentation such as peat, straw and deer excrement
Figure 642586DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
peat, pulverizing straw, air-dry deer excrement, lime tree sawdust (mass percent: peat 80-90%, straw 5-10%, deer excrement 5-10%, all the other 5-10%) after sterilization processing are added to agitator, mix, pour the sealed fermenting pond that vertical stirrer is housed into.
Figure 902666DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
to adding suitable quantity of water (mix to hold agglomerating, webs water breakthrough but do not drip, looses one's grip and fall apart for well) in fermentation vat, compacting, seals after venting air, seals (vexed) a period of time, ferments, and stirs once at set intervals.
Figure 981481DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
reach and become thoroughly decomposed, mixture presents black.The suitable fermentation moisture of material is 30-45%, 25 ℃ of fermentation temperatures, and humidity 80%, fermentation time needs 10-15 days.
Figure 10617DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the mixture fermenting again drying (drying to compound moisture content 15-25% for 60-70 ℃) after sieving, to be put in aeration-drying place stand-by.
4. bone meal acidolysis
Figure 782264DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
get appropriate bone meal, according to mass ratio 10:1-5:1, with 15%-30% dilute sulfuric acid, process bone meal.Build a daylight canopy, temperature of shed is controlled at 25 ℃-35 ℃, and bone meal is laid in fermentation vat, thickness 2-3cm, is sprayed to moisteningly, repaves one deck bone meal, spraying, to the last all wetting, hold with a firm grip agglomerating, but without free water droplet, cover plastic film above, regularly detect different parts acidity in heap, when acidity rises to pH 5.5-6.0, bone meal acidolysis finishes, and generally needs 3-7 days.
Figure 264061DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
acidifying bone meal is dried to water content 15%-20%, pulverize stand-by.
Figure 146566DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the compound acidifying bone meal of diatomite: take diatomite 20-30%, acidifying bone meal 70-80% according to mass ratio, the two is stirred stand-by with vertical mixer.
5. humic acid ammonification
Figure 30208DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
brown coal and carbonic hydroammonium mix with the ratio of mass ratio 5:1, and moisture is no more than 25%,
temperature more than 20 ℃, sealing ammonification 12-15 days, make humic acid ammonia.
6. the compound slowly-releasing ginseng of diatomite special microelement
According to mass ratio, taking zinc sulphate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate is the required micro-70-80% of Ginseng Growth, diatomite 20-30%, mix rear interpolation amount of water and dissolve, then dry stand-byly, wherein between zinc sulphate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, weight ratio is 85:10:5.
7, the compound degradable macromolecule water-keeping material of diatomite synthetic method:
Under nitrogen protection; 15g dispersant (Span 60), 100g acrylic acid, 20g diatomite, 20g starch, 1g initator (potassium peroxydisulfate) and 1g crosslinking agent (MBA) are successively added in the flask that fills 200ml cyclohexane; stir after 30-60 min; be warming up to 70-75 ℃; reaction 2-3 h; after having reacted, firing equipment is turned off; be stirred to solution always and be cooled to room temperature; then reactant liquor suction filtration is separated; with deionized water washing, resulting white precipitate is the compound degradable macromolecule water-keeping material of diatomite.
Two, ginseng soilless culture substrate is produced
1. according to material quality percentage, take: fermenting mixture 80-85%, the compound acidifying bone meal of diatomite 5-10%, ammonification humic acid 3-5%, the compound slowly releasing trace element 1%-3% of diatomite, desalination conch meal 3%-5%, the compound degradable macromolecule water-keeping materials of diatomite (0.5%-1%) such as peat, straw and deer excrement, summation is 100%.
2. with agitator, raw materials treated is stirred;
3. mixed material is dried to water content≤20%.
4. detect mixed material pH value, pH value is acceptable material between 6.5-6.8.
5. the material metage that will stir pack is standby.

Claims (1)

1. a production method for the compound ginseng soilless culture substrate of diatomite, is characterized in that comprising following concrete steps:
One, raw material is processed
1). peat pretreatment
Figure 866746DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
with the direct broken air-dry peat of hammer crusher;
Figure 390131DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in peat after pulverizing, every cube of peat soil adds 8-10Kg quicklime, stirs, and carries out pH pH-value determination pH, and mixture pH value is at 7.0-7.2;
2). straw pretreatment
Figure 351134DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
with cracker, rice straw powder is broken to 1-2cm;
straw after pulverizing is carried out to germ dissipation with 10%-20% athomin;
3). peat, straw and the mixed culture fermentation of deer excrement
Figure 399041DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
peat, pulverizing straw, air-dry deer excrement, lime tree sawdust after sterilization processing are added to agitator, mass percent: peat 80-90%, straw 5-10%, deer excrement 5-10%, the sub-5-10% of lime tree sawdust, mixes, and pours the sealed fermenting pond that vertical stirrer is housed into;
Figure 573671DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in fermentation vat, add suitable quantity of water, mix to hold agglomerating, webs water breakthrough but do not drip, loose one's grip loose till, compacting, seals after venting air, seals a period of time, ferments, and stirs once at set intervals;
Figure 908837DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
reach and become thoroughly decomposed, mixture presents black, and the suitable fermentation moisture of material is 30-45%, 25 ℃ of fermentation temperatures, humidity 80%, fermentation time 10-15 days;
Figure 168917DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the mixture fermenting is dried to compound moisture content 15-25% at 60-70 ℃, is put in aeration-drying place stand-by after sieving;
4). bone meal acidolysis
Figure 247731DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
get appropriate bone meal, according to mass ratio 10:1-5:1, with 15%-30% dilute sulfuric acid, process bone meal, build a daylight canopy, temperature of shed is controlled at 25 ℃-35 ℃, bone meal is laid in fermentation vat to thickness 2-3cm, be sprayed to moisteningly, repave one deck bone meal, spraying, to the last all wetting, hold with a firm grip agglomerating, but without free water droplet, upper covering plastic film, when acidity rises to pH 5.5-6.0, bone meal acidolysis finishes;
acidifying bone meal is dried to water content 15%-20%, pulverize stand-by;
the compound acidifying bone meal of diatomite: take diatomite 20-30%, acidifying bone meal 70-80% according to mass ratio, the two is stirred stand-by with vertical mixer;
5). humic acid ammonification
Figure 530311DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
brown coal and carbonic hydroammonium mix with the ratio of mass ratio 5:1, and moisture is no more than 25%,
temperature more than 20 ℃, sealing ammonification 12-15 days, make humic acid ammonia;
6). the compound slowly-releasing ginseng of diatomite special microelement
According to mass ratio, taking zinc sulphate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate is the required micro-70-80% of Ginseng Growth, diatomite 20-30%, mix rear interpolation amount of water and dissolve, then dry stand-byly, wherein between zinc sulphate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, weight ratio is 85:10:5;
7). the compound degradable macromolecule water-keeping material of diatomite synthetic method:
Under nitrogen protection, 15g dispersant Span 60100g acrylic acid, 20g diatomite, 20g starch, 1g initiator potassium persulfate and 1g crosslinking agent MBA are successively added in the flask that fills 200ml cyclohexane, stir after 30-60 min, be warming up to 70-75 ℃, reaction 2-3 h, after having reacted, firing equipment is turned off, be stirred to solution always and be cooled to room temperature, then reactant liquor suction filtration is separated, with deionized water washing, resulting white precipitate is the compound degradable macromolecule water-keeping material of diatomite;
Two, ginseng soilless culture substrate is produced
1). according to material quality percentage, take: fermenting mixture 80-85%, the compound acidifying bone meal of diatomite 5-10%, ammonification humic acid 3-5%, the compound slowly releasing trace element 1%-3% of diatomite, desalination conch meal 3%-5%, the compound degradable macromolecule water-keeping material of the diatomite 0.5%-1% such as peat, straw and deer excrement, summation is 100%;
2). with agitator, raw materials treated is stirred;
3). mixed material is dried to water content≤20%;
4). detect mixed material pH value, pH value is acceptable material between 6.5-6.8;
5). the material metage that will stir pack is standby.
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Cited By (10)

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CN104255247A (en) * 2014-09-17 2015-01-07 东北师范大学 Greenhouse industrialized ginseng potting method
CN104609936A (en) * 2014-12-18 2015-05-13 柯利佳 Pachira macrocarpa medium
CN104737892A (en) * 2015-04-17 2015-07-01 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 Pseudo-ginseng seedling substrate and preparation method thereof
CN105036998A (en) * 2015-08-27 2015-11-11 合肥科友生物科技有限公司 Culture soil for ginseng and preparation method thereof
CN107353111A (en) * 2017-08-07 2017-11-17 六安栀子农业科技有限公司 A kind of red sage root plantation nutrient matrix and preparation method thereof
CN108207545A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-06-29 合肥申沃园艺有限公司 A kind of Ornamental Foliage House Plants soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof
CN108401849A (en) * 2018-01-10 2018-08-17 康光秀 A kind of culture of ginseng special nutrient soil and preparation method thereof
CN108668841A (en) * 2018-04-04 2018-10-19 蚌埠市淮民稻田养虾农民专业合作社 A kind of lotus rhizome soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof
CN109197454A (en) * 2018-08-30 2019-01-15 东北师范大学 A kind of stalk source ginseng facility cultivation medium production method and application
CN111919738A (en) * 2020-09-07 2020-11-13 延边大学 Substrate for soilless culture of ginseng and method for soilless culture of ginseng

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104255247A (en) * 2014-09-17 2015-01-07 东北师范大学 Greenhouse industrialized ginseng potting method
CN104609936A (en) * 2014-12-18 2015-05-13 柯利佳 Pachira macrocarpa medium
CN104737892A (en) * 2015-04-17 2015-07-01 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 Pseudo-ginseng seedling substrate and preparation method thereof
CN105036998A (en) * 2015-08-27 2015-11-11 合肥科友生物科技有限公司 Culture soil for ginseng and preparation method thereof
CN107353111A (en) * 2017-08-07 2017-11-17 六安栀子农业科技有限公司 A kind of red sage root plantation nutrient matrix and preparation method thereof
CN108401849A (en) * 2018-01-10 2018-08-17 康光秀 A kind of culture of ginseng special nutrient soil and preparation method thereof
CN108207545A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-06-29 合肥申沃园艺有限公司 A kind of Ornamental Foliage House Plants soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof
CN108668841A (en) * 2018-04-04 2018-10-19 蚌埠市淮民稻田养虾农民专业合作社 A kind of lotus rhizome soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof
CN109197454A (en) * 2018-08-30 2019-01-15 东北师范大学 A kind of stalk source ginseng facility cultivation medium production method and application
CN111919738A (en) * 2020-09-07 2020-11-13 延边大学 Substrate for soilless culture of ginseng and method for soilless culture of ginseng

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