CN110036818A - A kind of Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruit hang tree storaging grape cultural method - Google Patents

A kind of Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruit hang tree storaging grape cultural method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110036818A
CN110036818A CN201910193685.9A CN201910193685A CN110036818A CN 110036818 A CN110036818 A CN 110036818A CN 201910193685 A CN201910193685 A CN 201910193685A CN 110036818 A CN110036818 A CN 110036818A
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China
Prior art keywords
dosage
fruit
ratio
annual
grape
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Pending
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CN201910193685.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王孝娣
王海波
刘凤之
史祥宾
冀晓昊
王小龙
张艺灿
王宝亮
郑晓翠
王莹莹
王志强
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Fruit Tree Institute of CAAS
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Fruit Tree Institute of CAAS
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Priority to CN201910193685.9A priority Critical patent/CN110036818A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Abstract

Proposed by the present invention is that a kind of Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruit hang tree storaging grape cultural method.Regulated and controled by illumination, temperature regulation applies formula fertilizer, sprays foliar fertilizer and delay the technical measures application of plant integral blade aging, achievees the purpose that facility grape New Year's Day to listing mature during the Spring Festival.Since the present invention is by Delaying Leaf-Senescence and extending fruit fruit-growing time, it can guarantee that facility culture grapes, to listing mature during the Spring Festival, improve income on New Year's Day.It is suitable for the method application as the control grape maturity phase.

Description

A kind of Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruit hang tree storaging grape cultural method
Technical field
Proposed by the present invention is that a kind of Delaying Leaf-Senescence of field of fruit tree cultivation and fruit hang tree storaging grape cultivation side Method.
Background technique
Facility cultivation is the important turnover that grape develops from traditional cultivation to Growing method, is realization grape high-yield, excellent One of matter, safe and efficient effective way.In the late three decades, as the raising of living standards of the people and grape are high-quality and efficient The development of safety cultivation technology, the superelevation benefit of the improvement of facilities horticulture goods, materials and equipments and the supply of fruit dull season, so that China's grape is set It applies cultivation to be grown rapidly, Studies on Protected Cultivation of Grapes area in China's ranks first in the world more than 3,000,000 mu so far, produces Huge Social benefit and economic benefit is given birth to.But at present the term of China's facility grape excessively concentrate, be concentrated mainly on 4 There is a serious shortage of seriously affected the economic effect of facility grape to the new fresh grape of mature listing during~November, New Year's Day and the Spring Festival Benefit.
Summary of the invention
In order to realize that grape lists on New Year's Day to mature during the Spring Festival, the invention proposes a kind of Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruits It is real to hang tree storaging grape cultural method.This method by Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruit fruit-growing time, solve grape New Year's Day extremely During the Spring Festival the technical issues of mature listing.
The solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is that:
Regulated and controled by illumination, temperature regulation applies formula fertilizer, sprays foliar fertilizer and the technology of plant integral blade aging is delayed to arrange Application is applied, achievees the purpose that facility grape New Year's Day to listing mature during the Spring Festival.
Good effect: since the present invention is by Delaying Leaf-Senescence and extending fruit fruit-growing time, it can guarantee that facility is planted Grape is trained on New Year's Day to listing mature during the Spring Festival, improves income.It is suitable for the method application as the control grape maturity phase.
Specific embodiment
Technical measures:
1, illumination regulates and controls:
Change intensity of illumination, light application time and light quality can Delaying Leaf-Senescence, and then reach extending fruit and hang tree storage time, change The effect of kind fruit quality.
(1), the red sunshade net of covering: the strong regional such as northwest of illumination, the high temperature season of mid-August mid-June-, Cover the red sunshade net that sunshade rate reaches 20-30%.
(2), red plants growth lamp is installed: when sunshine time started less than 13.5 hours, with 120 ° of east longitude, north latitude For 10 ° of areas, mid or late August starts to start red plants growth lamp, 610 nm of peak wavelength, 9.9 nm of half width, until fruit Terminate when real harvesting.0.5 hour unlatching plant growth lamp terminates to 24:00 before darkness daily.
(3), red canopy film is covered: when the lowest temperature is lower than 18 DEG C, with 120 ° of east longitude, for 10 ° of areas of north latitude, September The last ten-days period start the red plastic film that covering reflection ultraviolet light works well.By above-mentioned measure, grape young sprout growth hair can be made Educate it is vigorous, keep leaf color it is dark green, Delaying Leaf-Senescence.
2, temperature regulates and controls:
When the lowest temperature is lower than 18 DEG C, with 120 ° of east longitude, for 10 ° of areas of north latitude, late September begins to take button canopy heating Or the measures such as artificial heating make the lowest temperature in facility be higher than 18 DEG C, until terminating when fruit harvest.
3, formula fertilizer is applied:
The formula of formula fertilizer and dosage are as follows:
Vitis vinifera:
1. rudiment is spent to first:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.63:0.11:0.67:0.51:0.12, dosage account for the 10-12% of annual dosage；
2. just Hua Zhimo is spent:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.85:0.10:0.43:0.26:0.05, dosage account for the 8-10% of annual dosage；
3. end was spent to fruit veraison:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=2.37:1.02:3.0:3.49:0.79, dosage account for the 55-60% of annual dosage；
4. fruit annesl is to the maturity period:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.61:0.49:0.72:0.76:0.23, dosage account for the 14-16% of annual dosage；
5. fruit harvesting is to the leaf fall period:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.24:0.19:0.17:0.39:0.04, dosage account for the 4-6% of annual dosage.Every production It is respectively 4.5-5.0kg, 1.8-2.0kg, 4.5-5.5kg, 5.0- that 1000kg fruit whole year, which needs nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, 6.0kg and 1.0-1.5kg.
American-European hybrid grape:
1. rudiment is spent to first:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=1.11:0.26:0.89:0.70:0.13, dosage account for the 14-16% of annual dosage；
2. just Hua Zhimo is spent:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.98:0.33:0.66:0.74:0.12, dosage account for the 12-15% of annual dosage；
3. end flower is to fruit veraison: N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=2.36:1.12:2.59:2.62:0.44, dosage account for annual use The 40-50% of amount；
4. fruit annesl is to the maturity period:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.94:0.49:1.43:1.22:0.22, dosage account for the 18-22% of annual dosage；
5. fruit harvesting is to the leaf fall period:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.39:0.11:0.15:0.32:0.06, dosage account for the 4-6% of annual dosage.Every production It is respectively 5.0-6.0kg, 2.0-2.5kg, 5.5- that the Eurasia 1000kg hybrid grape fruit whole year, which needs nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, 6.0kg, 5.5-6.0kg and 1.0-1.2kg.
4, foliar fertilizer is sprayed:
When sunshine time started less than 13.5 hours, with 120 ° of east longitude, for 10 ° of areas of north latitude, late September starts every 7- 300-400 times of foliar fertilizer is sprayed within 15 days, until fallen leaves terminate for first 15 days.
The formula of foliar fertilizer:
Pure water: acidolysis amino acid: alkaline hydrolysis amino acid: biodegradable amino acid: sodium selenite: 6-benzyladenine=400:30: 30:30:3:8。
5, delay plant integral blade aging:
When sunshine time started less than 13.5 hours, with 120 ° of east longitude, for 10 ° of areas of north latitude, late September stays 8~10 sections Young sprout is cut, clip hibernaculum is forced to sprout young sprout, extends the plant integral blade service life using hibernaculum sublateral shoot leaf, delays plant whole Leaf senile.
Technical principle:
Grape leave is used for photosynthesis, generates carbohydrate, is accumulated by fruit, when keeping blade survival, can make Grape fruit retains on branch rattan, not only extends the upper storage time of tree, can also improve the accumulation of carbohydrate, so as to improve Grape quality, that is to say, that by extending blade life span, presenility was prevented, thus extending fruit retaining on branch rattan Time makes the maturity period of grape, between the Spring Festival, carry out picking listing on New Year's Day, is not only able to improve grape quality, can also increase Add economic well-being of workers and staff.
Feature:
Due to taking Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruit to hang the tree time facility grape, can make grape New Year's Day to during the Spring Festival at Ripe harvesting list marketing, therefore season coincides with the busy season, so grape selling price is high, economic well-being of workers and staff is good.
This method is suitable in the grape cultivation method application of northern China temperate zone, that is to say, that Qinling Mountains North of Huai River is immensely Area.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruit hang tree storaging grape cultural method, including illumination regulation, temperature regulation, using matching Side's fertilizer sprays foliar fertilizer and delays plant integral blade aging technical measures,
It is characterized by:
Technical measures:
1), illumination regulates and controls:
(1), red sunshade net: the strong regional such as northwest of illumination, the high temperature season of mid-August mid-June-, covering is covered Sunshade rate reaches the red sunshade net of 20-30%；
(2), red plants growth lamp is installed: when sunshine time started less than 13.5 hours, with 120 ° of east longitude, 10 ° of ground of north latitude For area, mid or late August starts to start red plants growth lamp, 610 nm of peak wavelength, 9.9 nm of half width, until fruit harvesting When terminate, 0.5 hour unlatching plant growth lamp terminates to 24:00 before darkness daily；
(3), red canopy film is covered: when the lowest temperature is lower than 18 DEG C, with 120 ° of east longitude, for 10 ° of areas of north latitude, late September Starting the red plastic film that covering reflection ultraviolet light works well can make grape shoot growth prosperous by above-mentioned measure It contains, keeps leaf color dark green, Delaying Leaf-Senescence；
2), temperature regulates and controls:
When the lowest temperature is lower than 18 DEG C, with 120 ° of east longitude, for 10 ° of areas of north latitude, late September begins to take button canopy heating Or the measures such as artificial heating make the lowest temperature in facility be higher than 18 DEG C, until terminating when fruit harvest；
3) formula fertilizer, is applied:
The formula of formula fertilizer and dosage are as follows:
Vitis vinifera:
1. rudiment is spent to first:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.63:0.11:0.67:0.51:0.12, dosage account for the 10-12% of annual dosage；
2. just Hua Zhimo is spent:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.85:0.10:0.43:0.26:0.05, dosage account for the 8-10% of annual dosage；
3. end was spent to fruit veraison:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=2.37:1.02:3.0:3.49:0.79, dosage account for the 55-60% of annual dosage；
4. fruit annesl is to the maturity period:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.61:0.49:0.72:0.76:0.23, dosage account for the 14-16% of annual dosage；
5. fruit harvesting is to the leaf fall period:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.24:0.19:0.17:0.39:0.04, dosage account for the 4-6% of annual dosage；Every production It is respectively 4.5-5.0kg, 1.8-2.0kg, 4.5-5.5kg, 5.0- that 1000kg fruit whole year, which needs nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, 6.0kg and 1.0-1.5kg；
American-European hybrid grape:
1. rudiment is spent to first:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=1.11:0.26:0.89:0.70:0.13, dosage account for the 14-16% of annual dosage；
2. just Hua Zhimo is spent:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.98:0.33:0.66:0.74:0.12, dosage account for the 12-15% of annual dosage；
3. end flower is to fruit veraison: N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=2.36:1.12:2.59:2.62:0.44, dosage account for annual use The 40-50% of amount；
4. fruit annesl is to the maturity period:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.94:0.49:1.43:1.22:0.22, dosage account for the 18-22% of annual dosage；
5. fruit harvesting is to the leaf fall period:
N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio=0.39:0.11:0.15:0.32:0.06, dosage account for the 4-6% of annual dosage；Every production It is respectively 5.0-6.0kg, 2.0-2.5kg, 5.5- that the Eurasia 1000kg hybrid grape fruit whole year, which needs nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, 6.0kg, 5.5-6.0kg and 1.0-1.2kg；
4) foliar fertilizer, is sprayed:
When sunshine time started less than 13.5 hours, with 120 ° of east longitude, for 10 ° of areas of north latitude, late September starts every 7- 300-400 times of foliar fertilizer is sprayed within 15 days, until fallen leaves terminate for first 15 days；
The formula of foliar fertilizer:
Pure water: acidolysis amino acid: alkaline hydrolysis amino acid: biodegradable amino acid: sodium selenite: 6-benzyladenine=400:30: 30:30:3:8；
5), delay plant integral blade aging:
When sunshine time started less than 13.5 hours, with 120 ° of east longitude, for 10 ° of areas of north latitude, late September stays 8~10 sections Young sprout is cut, clip hibernaculum is forced to sprout young sprout, extends the plant integral blade service life using hibernaculum sublateral shoot leaf, delays plant whole Leaf senile.
CN201910193685.9A 2019-03-14 2019-03-14 A kind of Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruit hang tree storaging grape cultural method Pending CN110036818A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111919691A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-11-13 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 Method for culturing ginseng seedlings in plant factory
CN112166774A (en) * 2020-10-15 2021-01-05 咸阳职业技术学院 Method for delaying harvesting of sunshine muscat

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104909888A (en) * 2015-06-01 2015-09-16 中国农业科学院果树研究所 Fruit tree foliage fertilizer capable of postponing leaf aging
CN106856772A (en) * 2017-01-24 2017-06-20 中国农业科学院果树研究所 It is a kind of to determine the method that fruit tree is formulated fertilizer formula

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104909888A (en) * 2015-06-01 2015-09-16 中国农业科学院果树研究所 Fruit tree foliage fertilizer capable of postponing leaf aging
CN106856772A (en) * 2017-01-24 2017-06-20 中国农业科学院果树研究所 It is a kind of to determine the method that fruit tree is formulated fertilizer formula

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刘凤之等: "我国东北区鲜食葡萄优质高效标准化栽培关键技术", 《"现代果业标准化示范区创建暨果树优质高效生产技术"交流会论文汇编》 *
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111919691A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-11-13 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 Method for culturing ginseng seedlings in plant factory
CN112166774A (en) * 2020-10-15 2021-01-05 咸阳职业技术学院 Method for delaying harvesting of sunshine muscat

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Application publication date: 20190723

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