CN106856772A - It is a kind of to determine the method that fruit tree is formulated fertilizer formula - Google Patents
It is a kind of to determine the method that fruit tree is formulated fertilizer formula Download PDFInfo
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- CN106856772A CN106856772A CN201710052213.2A CN201710052213A CN106856772A CN 106856772 A CN106856772 A CN 106856772A CN 201710052213 A CN201710052213 A CN 201710052213A CN 106856772 A CN106856772 A CN 106856772A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
Abstract
Proposed by the present invention is a kind of method for determining fruit tree formula fertilizer formula.First, the year uptake and transport rule of mineral nutrition of fruit trees is specified, mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule figure is drawn:By determining the clear and definite production unit yield fruit fruit tree of analytical calculation in each critical developmental stage of development to the demand of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements, mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule figure is drawn out.Secondly, carry out annual ' 5416 ' orthogonal fertilising experiments:That is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and the factor of magnesium five, (1.5 times) high, in (1.0 times), low (0.5 times) dose and 0 four levels of control, 16 orthogonal tests of the incomplete implementation for the treatment of optimization.Using the inventive method, fruit tree plant difference growth and development stage can be accurately drawn for the demand of the fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the optimization formula of fertilising and dose, it is suitable as the method application for determining fruit tree formula fertilizer formula.
Description
Technical field
Proposed by the present invention is the method that a kind of determination fruit tree in agricultural field is formulated fertilizer formula.
Background technology
By the end of the year 2015, China's cultivation of fruit tree gross area and yield are sure to occupy first place in the world, and China has become the world really
Tree big producer, fruits industry has become one of pillar industry that increasing peasant income are got rich with rural economic development.But it is current, I
State's orchard nutrition is weak with application technical research with fertilising application foundation, and based on experience, fertilizer practice falls behind fertilizing management, fertilizer
Material utilization rate is low, cause orchard soil to be acidified, salination and it is hardened aggravate year by year, trunk infusion imbalance, physiological disease generally sends out
It is raw, have a strong impact on the sustainable health development of China's fruits industry.Therefore, the research of fruit tree formula fertilizer is carried out, according to fruit tree
Growth and development stage applies fertilizer on demand, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, solves trunk infusion imbalance.For promoting China fruit tree to produce
The sustainable health development of industry has important theory value and practice significance.Therefore, Fruit Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Scientific research for many years is carried out, research is found for grape, peach, apple and the operatic circle tree, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements
Demand is big, belongs to a great number of elements.Based on this, Fruit Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences proposes a kind of determination fruit tree formula fertilizer
The method of formula, is that theoretical foundation has been established in the research of fruit tree formula fertilizer.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that fruit tree rational application of fertilizers is efficiently utilized with fertilizer, the present invention proposes a kind of determination fruit tree formula
The method of fertilizer formula.The method by clear and definite mineral nutrition of fruit trees uptake and transport rule, is then based on mineral nutrition of fruit trees first
Uptake and transport rule determines the optimization formula and dose of fruit tree formula fertilizer by orthogonal fertilizer test, solves rational application of fertilizers with fertilizer
The technical problem that material is efficiently utilized.
The present invention solves the scheme that is used of technical problem：
（1）First, the year uptake and transport rule of mineral nutrition of fruit trees is specified, mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule is drawn
Figure：By determining the clear and definite production unit yield fruit fruit tree of analytical calculation in each critical developmental stage of development to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium
With the demand of magnesium elements, mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule figure is drawn out.
（2）Secondly, annual ' 5416 ' orthogonal fertilising experiments are carried out：I.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and the factor of magnesium five, high（1.5
Times）, in（1.0 times）, it is low（0.5 times）Dose and 0 four levels of control, 16 orthogonal examinations of the incomplete implementation for the treatment of optimization
Test.The dose of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements is annual dose in this orthogonal fertilizer test design, is based on（1）In obtain
Production unit yield（100kg）The demand of the corresponding nitrogen of fruit, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements is calculated according to target output
Go out, while needing the actual nitrogen according to local soil, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium element content and utilization rate of fertilizer to be adjusted.Experiment
In implementation process, different growth and development stage nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, the amount of application of magnesium elements are based on the mineral nutrition of fruit trees year drawn
Uptake and transport rule figure is calculated.During fruit maturation determine fruit yield and quality, carry out statistical analysis, draw first nitrogen,
The annual optimal fertilization ratio of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium elements and dose, the mineral nutrition of fruit trees year for being then based on drawing absorb fortune
Turn nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, the optimal fertilization ratio of magnesium elements and dose that rule figure calculates different bearing stage.
Good effect, the method for being formulated fertilizer formula using determination fruit tree proposed by the present invention, can accurately draw different lifes
Stage of development fruit tree long for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium elements demand, be prevented effectively from fertilizer waste, improve utilization rate of fertilizer,
And meet the growth rhythm of fruit tree plant, the nutritional need of plant is met, beneficial to the sound development of China's fruits industry.It is suitable to make
To determine that fruit tree is formulated the method application of fertilizer formula.
Specific embodiment
Determine the method that fruit tree is formulated fertilizer formula：Whole year ' 5416 ' based on mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule is just
Hand over fertilising experiment." 5416 " refer to 5 factors, 4 levels and 16 treatment, are the rules of orthogonal test.
（1）First, the year uptake and transport rule of mineral nutrition of fruit trees is specified, mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule are drawn
Rule figure：
Growth selection is healthy and strong and fruit tree of in the best fruiting period is examination material, in budding period, early flowering season, Flowers ending, fruit annesl/softening
Phase, 6 critical period plane trees of fruit harvesting phase and fallen leaves rest period are simultaneously dissected as root system, trunk, major branch/climing, young sprout/branch
Bar, blade, petiole, flower or fruit position, determine nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and the big unit of magnesium fruit tree demand at each position of analysis plant
The content of element, calculates production unit yield fruit, fruit tree bud to first flower, first flower to end flower, end flower to fruit annesl/soft
Change, fruit annesl/softenings to fruit maturation harvest, fruit maturation harvest to fall leaves five growth and development stages of dormancy to nitrogen, phosphorus,
The demand of potassium, calcium and the big element of magnesium fruit tree demand, draws out mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule figure.To eliminate
Difference between year border, experiment at least needs more than 3 years.
（2）Secondly, annual ' 5416 ' orthogonal fertilising experiments are carried out：I.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and the factor of magnesium five, high（1.5 times）、
In（1.0 times）, it is low（0.5 times）Dose and 0 four levels of control, 16 orthogonal tests of the incomplete implementation for the treatment of optimization, examination
Test design and see test process table.
The dose of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements is annual dose in this orthogonal fertilizer test design, according to target
Yield is based on（1）In the production unit yield that obtains（100kg）The demand gauge of the corresponding nitrogen of fruit, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements
Draw, while needing the actual nitrogen according to local soil, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium element content and utilization rate of fertilizer to be adjusted.
In experiment implementation process, the amount of application of the big element of different bearing stage nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium fruit tree demand is based on what is drawn
Mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule figure is calculated.Fruit yield and quality are determined during fruit maturation, statistical is carried out
Analysis, draws the annual optimal fertilization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium elements and dose first, is then based on the fruit tree ore deposit drawn
Matter nutrition year uptake and transport rule figure calculates nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, the optimal fertilization ratio of magnesium elements of different bearing stage
And dose.Difference between to eliminate year border, experiment at least needs more than 3 years.
Test process table：
Specific embodiment：
Illustrated up to the kyoto grape of grafting with shellfish,（1）First, kyoto grape mineral nutrition year uptake and transport rule, experiment are specified
Carry out 3 years：Growth selection is healthy and strong and shellfish in the best fruiting period up to the kyoto grape of grafting be examination material, in budding period, early flowering season, end
Florescence, fruit annesl/softening phase, 6 critical period plane trees of fruit harvesting phase and fallen leaves rest period are simultaneously dissected as root system, master
Dry, major branch/climing, young sprout/branch, blade, petiole, flower or fruit position, determine the nitrogen at each position of analysis plant, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and
The content of the big element of magnesium fruit tree demand, calculates fruit tree bud to first flower, first flower to end flower, end flower to fruit annesl/soft
Change, fruit annesl/softening to fruit maturation, fruit harvesting to plant fallen leaves five critical developmental stage of development fruit tree plant of dormancy
To the demand of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements, mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule figure is drawn out, it is as a result as follows：
1. nitrogen：Rudiment to first flower plant uptake accounts for the 14% of annual uptake, and first flower to end flower plant uptake accounts for annual absorption
The 14% of amount, end flower accounts for the 38% of annual uptake to fruit annesl/softening plant uptake, and fruit annesl/softening to maturation is adopted
Receive plant uptake and account for the 0% of annual uptake, fruit harvesting to dormancy plant uptake of falling leaves accounts for the 34% of annual uptake；
2. phosphorus：Rudiment to first flower plant uptake accounts for the 16% of annual uptake, and first flower to end flower plant uptake accounts for annual absorption
The 16% of amount, end flower accounts for the 40% of annual uptake to fruit annesl/softening plant uptake, and fruit annesl/softening to maturation is adopted
Receive plant uptake and account for the 0% of annual uptake, fruit harvesting to dormancy plant uptake of falling leaves accounts for the 28% of annual uptake；
3. potassium：Rudiment to first flower plant uptake accounts for the 15% of annual uptake, and first flower to end flower plant uptake accounts for annual absorption
The 11% of amount, end flower accounts for the 50% of annual uptake to fruit annesl/softening plant uptake, and fruit annesl/softening to maturation is adopted
Receive plant uptake and account for the 9% of annual uptake, fruit harvesting to dormancy plant uptake of falling leaves accounts for the 15% of annual uptake；
4. calcium：Rudiment to first flower plant uptake accounts for the 10% of annual uptake, and first flower to end flower plant uptake accounts for annual absorption
The 14% of amount, end flower accounts for the 46% of annual uptake to fruit annesl/softening plant uptake, and fruit annesl/softening to maturation is adopted
Receive plant uptake and account for the 8% of annual uptake, fruit harvesting to dormancy plant uptake of falling leaves accounts for the 22% of annual uptake；
5. magnesium：Rudiment to first flower plant uptake accounts for the 10% of annual uptake, and first flower to end flower plant uptake accounts for annual absorption
The 12% of amount, end flower accounts for the 43% of annual uptake to fruit annesl/softening plant uptake, and fruit annesl/softening to maturation is adopted
Receive plant uptake and account for the 13% of annual uptake, fruit harvesting to dormancy plant uptake of falling leaves accounts for the 22% of annual uptake.
（2）The demand of the corresponding nitrogen of production unit yield 100kg grape fruits, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements is calculated simultaneously
Amount：100Kg fruits are often produced, vine need to about absorb 1.0kg N, 0.5kg P from soil2O5、1.2kg K2O、1.0kg
CaO, 0.5kg MgO, the absorption rate of each mineral element are calculated by nitrogen 30%, phosphorus 40%, potassium 50%, calcium 40%, magnesium 40%, soil
The amount for providing each element is calculated by 30% nitrogen, 40% phosphorus, 50% potassium, 40% calcium, 40% magnesium, then often produce 100Kg fruits, and dose is N
2.33Kg、P2O5 0.75Kg、K2O 1.2Kg、CaO 1.5Kg、MgO 0.75Kg。
（3）Secondly, annual ' 5416 ' orthogonal fertilising experiments are carried out, with（2）The dose and production 100kg for calculating are really
It is real, dose N 2.33Kg, P2O5 0.75Kg、K2O 1.2Kg, CaO 1.5Kg, MgO 0.75Kg are middle Fertilization Level, correspondence
3 levels in test process table；Fertilization Level high is 1.5 times of medium Fertilization Level, 4 levels in correspondence test process table,
Dose is respectively N 3.50Kg, P2O5 1.13Kg、K2O 1.8Kg、CaO 2.25Kg、MgO 1.13Kg；Low Fertilization Level is
0.5 times of medium Fertilization Level, 2 levels in correspondence test process table, dose is respectively N 1.17Kg, P2O5 0.38Kg、
K2O 0.6Kg、CaO 0.75Kg、MgO 0.38Kg；0（Control）Fertilization Level is not apply fertilizer, 1 water in correspondence test process table
It is flat.Specific fertilizer treatment is shown in test process table, and the amount of application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements is annual amount of application, experiment in table
In implementation process, rudiment to first flower, first flower to end flower, end flower to fruit annesl/softening, fruit annesl/softening to fruit maturation
Harvesting, fruit harvesting to the amount of application of plant fallen leaves dormancy different bearing stage nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium elements are based on（1）Huge peak
Grape mineral nutrition year uptake and transport rule is calculated.Fruit yield and quality are determined during fruit maturation, statistical analysis is carried out,
The annual optimal fertilizer application formula of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements and dose are drawn first, are then based on（1）Kyoto grape mineral
Nutrition year uptake and transport rule calculates optimal fertilization ratio and the fertilising of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements different bearing stage
Amount.
Test process table：
Claims (1)
1. it is a kind of to determine the method that fruit tree is formulated fertilizer formula, the method that fruit tree is formulated fertilizer formula is determined, based on mineral nutrition of fruit trees
The year orthogonal fertilising of whole year ' 5416 ' of uptake and transport rule is tested；
It is characterized in that：
（1）First, the year uptake and transport rule of mineral nutrition of fruit trees is specified, mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule is drawn
Figure；
Growth selection is healthy and strong and fruit tree of in the best fruiting period is examination material, in budding period, early flowering season, Flowers ending, fruit annesl/softening
Phase, 6 critical period plane trees of fruit harvesting phase and fallen leaves rest period are simultaneously dissected as root system, trunk, major branch/climing, young sprout/branch
Bar, blade, petiole, flower or fruit position, determine nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and the big unit of magnesium fruit tree demand at each position of analysis plant
The content of element, calculates production unit yield fruit, fruit tree bud to first flower, first flower to end flower, end flower to fruit annesl/soft
Change, fruit annesl/softenings to fruit maturation harvest, fruit maturation harvest to fall leaves five growth and development stages of dormancy to nitrogen, phosphorus,
The demand of potassium, calcium and the big element of magnesium fruit tree demand, draws out mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule figure；
（2）Secondly, annual ' 5416 ' orthogonal fertilising experiments are carried out：I.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and the factor of magnesium five, high（1.5 times）, in
（1.0 times）, it is low（0.5 times）Dose and 0 four levels of control, 16 orthogonal tests of the incomplete implementation for the treatment of optimization；
The dose of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements is annual dose in this orthogonal fertilizer test design, according to target output
It is based on（1）In the demand of the corresponding nitrogen of production unit yield 100kg fruits, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements that obtains calculate
Go out, while needing the actual nitrogen according to local soil, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium element content and utilization rate of fertilizer to be adjusted；
In experiment implementation process, the amount of application base of the big element of different growth and development stage nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium fruit tree demand
Calculated in the mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule figure drawn；
Fruit yield and quality are determined during fruit maturation, statistical analysis is carried out, show that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium fertilizer are annual first
Optimal fertilization ratio and dose, the mineral nutrition of fruit trees year uptake and transport rule figure for being then based on drawing calculates difference
The nitrogen of growth and development stage, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, the optimal fertilization ratio of magnesium fertilizer and dose；
The orthogonal fertilizer test at least needs more than 3 years.
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| CN107285917A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-10-24 | 合肥绿农肥业有限责任公司 | A kind of pear tree Water-soluble fertilizer special and its application |
| CN109588198A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-09 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Improve the implantation methods of the tea oil tree of oil yield |
| CN110036818A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-07-23 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruit hang tree storaging grape cultural method |
| CN111919569A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-11-13 | 四川农业大学 | Fertilizing method applied to seedling strengthening of cinnamomum camphora |
| CN114885655A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-12 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Classification fertilization method for soil based on Motorva fresh-eating grape cultivation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109588198A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-09 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Improve the implantation methods of the tea oil tree of oil yield |
| CN110036818A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-07-23 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of Delaying Leaf-Senescence and fruit hang tree storaging grape cultural method |
| CN111919569A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-11-13 | 四川农业大学 | Fertilizing method applied to seedling strengthening of cinnamomum camphora |
| CN114885655A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-12 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Classification fertilization method for soil based on Motorva fresh-eating grape cultivation |
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