CN114885655A - Classification fertilization method for soil based on Motorva fresh-eating grape cultivation - Google Patents
Classification fertilization method for soil based on Motorva fresh-eating grape cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 144
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 107
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 101
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 74
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008117 seed development Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 abstract description 18
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013400 design of experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a soil classification fertilization method based on Motorwa fresh-eating grape cultivation, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The analysis according to the "5416" test combined with the CND nutritional diagnostic, further comprising: defining the content range of each available nutrient in the soil of the high-quality grape garden; setting a grading standard according to the content range; and (4) periodically measuring the content of each nutrient in the soil and setting the fertilizing amount according to a grading standard. The invention promotes the single-particle weight, the content of soluble solid matters and the content of anthocyanin of the Motorwa fresh grapes to be obviously improved, the content of titratable acid is obviously reduced, and the fruit quality of the Motorwa fresh grapes is effectively improved. Meanwhile, the balanced supply of the fertilizer is realized, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, the nutrient level of the tree body is effectively improved, and the high-quality and high-efficiency production of Moore grape is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a soil classification fertilization method based on Motorwa fresh grape cultivation.
Background
Moldowa is a fresh grape variety, and has the excellent characteristics of strong disease resistance, good yield, good fruit quality and the like. At present, the problems of empirical fertilization and blind fertilization of grapes commonly exist, the problems of excessive and unbalanced fertilization of chemical fertilizers are serious, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is low, key technologies for efficient utilization of the fertilizers and relative lack of products are solved, the problems of soil acidification, hardening, salinization and non-point source pollution are aggravated, and the sustainable development of the health of the industry is severely restricted. Scientific and reasonable fertilization is a necessary way for realizing high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation of the grapes.
Multiple studies show that grapes have high requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and calcium and magnesium, and fertilization must fully consider the application of 5 nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in production.
Therefore, how to provide a fertilizing method for Motorwa fresh grapes according to soil conditions is a problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a soil classification fertilizing method based on Motorva fresh-eating grape cultivation. The application scheme of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizers based on the soil background nutrient indexes is formulated, the optimal dosage and proportion of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizers in different growth stages are determined, the fertilizers are applied according to needs, and technical support is provided for improving the quality of Moore multi-watt grapes, improving the benefits and upgrading the industrial quality in North China producing areas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a soil classification fertilization method based on Motorva fresh-eating grape cultivation, which combines the analysis of CND nutrition diagnosis method according to 5416 test, comprises the following steps: defining the content range of each available nutrient in the soil of the high-quality grape garden; setting a grading standard according to the content range; and (4) periodically measuring the content of each nutrient in the soil and setting the fertilizing amount according to a grading standard.
Further, "5416" test: a non-fully orthogonal "5416" test with 5 factors of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, fertilizing at 4 levels (no fertilization, 0.5 times constant fertilization, 1.5 times constant fertilization) (see prior application patent No. ZL 201710052213.2);
analysis by CND Nutrition diagnostic: and 3 quality indexes of the fruit single grain weight, the soluble solid content and the fruit hardness of different treatments are measured in the mature period according to the weight of 1:1.23:1.04 as a quality index standard.
The method for dividing the high-quality test area and determining the appropriate value of the elements comprises the following steps: the quality indexes are ranked from high to low, and the nutrient content parameters of the corresponding test areas are calculated according to formulas 1-5
R＝100％-(N+P+K+……) (1)
Wherein N, P and K. N ，V P ，……，V R Representing analytical parameters, in the following V x And (4) showing. Calculating another analysis parameter f by adopting a Cate-Nelson cycle according to the calculated analysis parameter t (V x ) And FC 1 (V x )
Wherein n is the number of all sampling groups, n 1 The highest number of samples of the quality index in each cycle, n 2 The number of remaining samples in each cycle. Cycle 1 n 1 ＝2，n 2 N-2; each time afterRing n 1 +1，n 2 1, up to the last n 2 2 and always keeping n equal to n 1 +n 2 . The molecule is n 1 Parameter V of xn1 Variance of (3), denominator is n z Parameter V of xn2 The variance of (c).
Wherein the molecule represents the first n 1 1 analysis parameter f i (V x ) The denominator represents all analysis parameters f i (V x ) The sum of (1). Finally, the parameter f is analyzed i (V x ) The following functional relationship exists between the quality index and the quality index:
FC i (V x )＝AY 3 +BY 2 +CY+D (6)
the above formula is derived twice:
that is, when the quality index CI is-B/3A, the inflection point value corresponding to the X element is selected as the critical value for selecting the high-quality test region. The soil quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content range corresponding to the high-quality park is the proper reference value.
For convenience of calculation, the appropriate reference value is subjected to fine adjustment processing such as rounding.
Preferably: the content ranges of the available nutrients of the soil of the high-quality grape garden are as follows: 48-139 mg/kg of available nitrogen, 27-132 mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 76-269 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, 2.19-4.15 g/kg of exchangeable calcium and 0.25-1.04 g/kg of exchangeable magnesium.
Preferably, the following components: grading standard:
level 1: available nitrogen >166 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than 158 mg/kg; quick-acting potassium is more than 323 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium >4.98 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is greater than 1.25 g/kg;
and 2, stage: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 139mg/kg and less than or equal to 166 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 132mg/kg and less than or equal to 158 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 269mg/kg and less than or equal to 323 mg/kg; the exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 4.15g/kg and less than or equal to 4.98 g/kg; the exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 1.04 and less than or equal to 1.25 g/kg;
and 3, level: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 109mg/kg and less than 139 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 97mg/kg and less than 132 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 206mg/kg and less than 269 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 3.51g/kg and less than 4.15 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 0.79g/kg and less than 1.04 g/kg;
4, level: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 79mg/kg and less than 109 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 63mg/kg and less than 97 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 141mg/kg and less than 206 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 2.85g/kg and less than 3.51 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 0.52g/kg and less than 0.79 g/kg;
and 5, stage: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 48mg/kg and less than 79 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 27mg/kg and less than 63 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 76mg/kg and less than 141 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 2.19g/kg and less than 2.85 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 0.25g/kg and less than 0.52 g/kg;
and 6, level: available nitrogen is less than 48 mg/kg; fast-acting phosphorus <27 mg/kg; quick-acting potassium is less than 76 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium <2.19 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is less than 0.25 g/kg.
Preferably: fertilizing amount: under the condition of 4-grade soil, 6.35kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5.92kg of phosphate fertilizer, 7.61kg of potassium fertilizer, 8.42kg of calcium fertilizer and 1.70kg of magnesium fertilizer are required to be applied to produce 1000kg of fruits;
when the element content is 6 grade, the fertilizer dosage is 1.5 times of the dosage of 4 grade;
when the element content is 5 grade, the fertilizer dosage is 1.2 times of the dosage of 4 grade;
when the element content is 3 grade, the fertilizer dosage is 0.75 time of the dosage of 4 grade;
when the element content is 2 grade, the fertilizer dosage is 0.5 time of the dosage of 4 grade;
when the element content is grade 1, the fertilizer is not applied.
Preferably: the application proportions of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer, the calcium fertilizer and the magnesium fertilizer in different periods are as follows:
nitrogenous fertilizer: 18% in the germination phase; applied 17% in the initial flowering phase; applying 22% at the end flowering period; the seed development period is 19%; the color conversion period is 9%; the harvesting period is 15%;
phosphate fertilizer: 12% in the germination phase; 13% is applied in the initial flowering phase; applying 22% at the end flowering period; the seed development period is 28%; the color conversion period is 16%; the harvesting period is 9%;
and (3) potassium fertilizer: 16% in the germination phase; 11% is applied in the initial flowering phase; applying 24% at the end flowering period; the seed development period is 21%; the color conversion period is 23%; the harvesting period is 5%;
calcium fertilizer: 13% for administration in the germination phase; 13% is applied in the initial flowering phase; 27% is applied at the end of the flowering period; the seed development period is 22%; the color conversion period is 15%; the harvesting period is 11%;
magnesium fertilizer: 14% in the germination phase; 13% is applied in the initial flowering phase; applying 24% at the end flowering period; the seed development period is 20%; the color conversion period is 16%; the harvesting period is 13 percent.
The invention also provides application of any one of the methods in agriculture and industrial production and processing.
Preferably: improving the single-grain weight, the peel strength, the average pulp hardness, the soluble solid content, the vitamin C and the anthocyanin content of the Moova grape; the titratable acid content is reduced.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the soil classification fertilization method based on Motorwa fresh grape cultivation, and the technical effects that the soil testing formula fertilization test in a garden can obtain that the unit weight, the content of soluble solids and the content of anthocyanin are all obviously improved, the content of titratable acid is obviously reduced, and the fruit quality of Motorwa grapes is effectively improved. Meanwhile, the conventional fertilization does not consider the soil nutrient condition of the garden, and the total dosage of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizers with the pure quantity per mu is about 48kg, while the fertilization fully considers the soil nutrient condition of the garden and the nutrient requirement characteristics of the trees, and the total dosage of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizers with the pure quantity per mu from 1 to 6 of the garden is about 46kg, 29kg, 35kg, 45kg, 30kg and 40kg in sequence, compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the fertilization is reduced by about 3-40%, the balanced supply of the fertilizers is realized, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizers is improved, the nutrient level of the trees is effectively improved, and the high-quality and high-efficiency production of the Mow multi-watt grapes is promoted.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a soil classification fertilization method based on Motorwa fresh-eating grape cultivation.
Example 1
Motorwa fresh grape soil nutrition diagnosis standard in North China production area: according to the '5416' test for many years (see the invention patent: a method for determining the formula of the fruit tree formula fertilizer, the patent number: ZL201710052213.2), and the analysis of the CND nutrition diagnosis method, the content ranges of the quick-acting nutrients of the soil in the high-quality grape garden are obtained, namely the appropriate reference values are respectively:
48-139 mg/kg of available nitrogen, 27-132 mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 76-269 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, 2.19-4.15 g/kg of exchangeable calcium and 0.25-1.04 g/kg of exchangeable magnesium.
Setting principles of soil available nutrient grading standards: below the appropriate reference value is grade 6: the lower the cost; the method is divided into three parts of 5-3 grades within a proper reference value range, and the nutrient contents are sequentially from low to high: low, medium and sufficient; within about 20% above the upper limit of the suitable reference value is grade 2: the height is higher; above the upper limit of suitable reference values by about 20% is grade 1: higher. The method comprises the following specific steps:
level 1: available nitrogen >166 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than 158 mg/kg; quick-acting potassium is more than 323 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium >4.98 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is greater than 1.25 g/kg;
and 2, stage: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 139mg/kg and less than or equal to 166 mg/kg; the available phosphorus is more than or equal to 132mg/kg and less than or equal to 158 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 269mg/kg and less than or equal to 323 mg/kg; the exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 4.15g/kg and less than or equal to 4.98 g/kg; the exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 1.04 and less than or equal to 1.25 g/kg;
and 3, level: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 109mg/kg and less than 139 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 97mg/kg and less than 132 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 206mg/kg and less than 269 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 3.51g/kg and less than 4.15 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 0.79g/kg and less than 1.04 g/kg;
4, level: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 79mg/kg and less than 109 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 63mg/kg and less than 97 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 141mg/kg and less than 206 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 2.85g/kg and less than 3.51 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 0.52g/kg and less than 0.79 g/kg;
and 5, stage: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 48mg/kg and less than 79 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 27mg/kg and less than 63 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 76mg/kg and less than 141 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 2.19g/kg and less than 2.85 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 0.25g/kg and less than 0.52 g/kg;
and 6, level: available nitrogen is less than 48 mg/kg; fast-acting phosphorus <27 mg/kg; quick-acting potassium is less than 76 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium <2.19 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is less than 0.25 g/kg.
Example 2
Formulation of the administration protocol: the basic amount of the fertilizer is determined by comprehensively considering the fruit load according to the nutrient demand rule of the grapes and the utilization rate of the fertilizer. Comprehensive analysis shows that under the condition that all elements are soil in a medium range, 6.35kg of nitrogen (N) and 6.35kg of phosphate fertilizer (P) are required to be applied to produce 1000kg (load is 1000kg) of fruits 2 O 5 )5.92kg of potash fertilizer (K) 2 7.61kg of O), 8.42kg of calcium fertilizer (CaO) and 1.70kg of magnesium fertilizer (MgO). The dosage of the fertilizer corresponding to the lower level of each element is 1.5 times of the dosage of the medium condition, the dosage of the fertilizer corresponding to the lower level of each element is 1.2 times of the dosage of the medium condition, the dosage of the fertilizer corresponding to the sufficient level of each element is 0.75 times of the dosage of the medium condition, the dosage of the fertilizer corresponding to the higher level of each element is 0.5 times of the dosage of the medium condition, and the fertilizer corresponding to the higher level of each element is not applied. And measuring the content of each nutrient in the soil once in two years, and replacing the fertilization scheme according to the corresponding data.
The application proportion of each element fertilizer in different periods is as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 application ratio (%) -of fertilizers at different periods
The different periods of fertilization are at the beginning of each growth phase or at the end of the previous growth phase.
Germination stage-initial flowering stage: fertilizing in the germination period;
beginning to end flowering: because the fertilization in the flowering phase easily causes poor pollination and flower falling, and influences fruit setting, the fertilizer required in the flowering phase is applied for a long time before flowers, namely, young shoots are vigorous;
end flowering phase-seed development phase: consistent with the reasons, the fertilization in the flowering phase easily causes poor pollination and flower falling, and influences fruit setting, so the fertilization is performed after the fruit setting;
seed development stage-color conversion stage: fertilization should be performed during the seed development period;
color conversion stage-harvest stage: fertilization should be carried out in the color conversion period;
harvesting stage-defoliation stage: fertilization should be done as soon as possible after harvest.
Example 3
1) Test materials and methods: motorwa fresh-eating grapes in the full-bearing period of a grape production base of a certain grape wine village Limited company in North Hebei are taken as test materials, and research on the application effect of soil-measuring formula fertilization is respectively carried out in gardens of 6 different bases. The content of available nutrients in different parks is different to a certain extent, and the specific content is as follows:
the effective nitrogen content of the soil in the garden 1 is 115.23mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 34.35mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 197.40mg/kg, the exchangeable calcium is 2.57g/kg, and the exchangeable magnesium is 1.02 g/kg;
the effective nitrogen content of the soil in the garden 2 is 151.01mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 21.09mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 239.00mg/kg, the exchangeable calcium is 5.01g/kg, and the exchangeable magnesium is 1.65 g/kg;
the effective nitrogen content of the soil in the garden 3 is 94.63mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 56.21mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 357.42 mg/kg, the exchangeable calcium is 3.25g/kg, and the exchangeable magnesium is 0.88 g/kg;
the effective nitrogen content of the soil in the garden 4 is 127.53mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 85.28mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 146.25mg/kg, the exchangeable calcium is 2.75g/kg, and the exchangeable magnesium is 0.54 g/kg;
the effective nitrogen content of the soil in the garden 5 is 185.59mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 48.11mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 184.33mg/kg, the exchangeable calcium is 4.33g/kg, and the exchangeable magnesium is 1.21 g/kg;
the effective nitrogen content of the soil in the garden 6 is 108.08mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 131.27mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 221.27mg/kg, the exchangeable calcium is 3.30g/kg, and the exchangeable magnesium is 0.73 g/kg.
2) Design of experiments
The management of each garden is basically consistent, and the load capacity is controlled to be 1500kg per mu.
The fertilizer amount per mu of nitrogen (N) is 14.30g and the fertilizer amount per mu of phosphorus (P) is used as the conventional fertilizer 2 O 5 )8.90kg, potassium (K) 2 17.10kg of O), 6.30kg of calcium (CaO) and 1.30kg of magnesium (MgO), wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are evenly and equivalently applied in the germination stage, the young sprout stage (before blossom), the fruit setting stage, the seed development stage, the color changing stage and the harvest stage, 2.38kg of nitrogen (N) and 2.38kg of phosphorus (P) are applied each time 2 O 5 )1.48kg, potassium (K) 2 O)2.85kg, and calcium and magnesium fertilizers are applied at one time after harvesting.
The soil testing and formulated fertilization scheme of the garden 1 is as follows: 1.29kg of nitrogen (N) is applied in the germination stage (the content of nitrogen element in 1 garden is 3 grades, so 6.35 multiplied by 1.5 multiplied by 0.75 multiplied by 0.18 is 1.2858, which is convenient for calculating the application amount of 1.29kg, wherein 1.5 is coefficient adjustment of 1000kg of standard application amount of 6.35kg compared with the load amount, the load amount of 1500kg in the embodiment, 0.75 is divided into corresponding multiple according to different grades in the embodiment 2, 0.18 is the application ratio of N element in the germination stage to initial flowering stage, the calculation mode is the same), phosphorus (P) is applied in the germination stage (P is the same as the calculation mode) 2 O 5 )1.28kg, potassium (K) 2 O)1.83kg, calcium (CaO)1.97kg, magnesium (MgO)0.27 kg; applying nitrogen (N)1.21kg and phosphorus (P) for vigorous shoot for a long time (before blossom) 2 O 5 )1.39kg, potassium (K) 2 1.26kg of O), 1.97kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.25kg of magnesium (MgO); after fruit setting, 1.57kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied 2 O 5 )2.34kg, potassium (K) 2 2.74kg of O), 4.09kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.46kg of magnesium (MgO); 1.36kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the seed development stage 2 O 5 )2.98kg, potassium (K) 2 2.40kg of O), 3.33kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.38kg of magnesium (MgO); 0.64kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the color conversion period 2 O 5 )1.70kg, potassium (K) 2 2.63kg of O), 2.27kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.31kg of magnesium (MgO); after harvest, 1.07kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied 2 O 5 )0.96kg, Potassium(K 2 0.57kg of O), 1.67kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.25kg of magnesium (MgO).
Soil testing and formulated fertilization scheme in park 2: 0.86kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the germination phase 2 O 5 )1.60kg, potassium (K) 2 O)1.37 kg; 0.81kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied to the young shoots for a long time (before blossom) 2 O 5 )1.73 kg, Potassium (K) 2 O)0.94 kg; after fruit setting, 1.05kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied 2 O 5 )2.93kg, Potassium (K) 2 O)2.05 kg; 0.90kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the seed development stage 2 O 5 )3.73kg, Potassium (K) 2 O)1.80 kg; 0.43kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were applied during the color change period 2 O 5 )2.13kg, potassium (K) 2 O)1.97 kg; 0.71kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied after harvest 2 O 5 )1.20kg, potassium (K) 2 O)0.43kg。
The soil testing and formulated fertilization scheme of the garden 3 is as follows: 1.71kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the germination phase 2 O 5 )1.28kg, 1.64kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.27kg of magnesium (MgO); applying 1.62kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to young sprout for a long time (before blossom) 2 O 5 )1.39kg, 1.64kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.25kg of magnesium (MgO); after fruit setting, 2.10kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied 2 O 5 )2.34kg, 3.41kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.46kg of magnesium (MgO); 1.81kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the seed development stage 2 O 5 )2.98kg, 2.78kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.38kg of magnesium (MgO); 0.86kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the color conversion period 2 O 5 )1.70kg, 1.89kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.31kg of magnesium (MgO); after harvest, 1.43kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied 2 O 5 )0.96kg, 1.39kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.25kg of magnesium (MgO).
The soil testing and formulated fertilization scheme of the park 4 is as follows: 1.29kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the germination phase 2 O 5 )1.07kg, Potassium (K) 2 1.83kg of O), 1.97kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.36kg of magnesium (MgO); applying nitrogen (N)1.21kg and phosphorus (P) for vigorous shoot for a long time (before blossom) 2 O 5 )1.15kg, potassium (K) 2 1.26kg of O), 1.97kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.33kg of magnesium (MgO); after fruit setting, 1.57kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied 2 O 5 )1.95kg, potassium (K) 2 2.74kg of O), 4.09kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.61kg of magnesium (MgO); 1.36kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the seed development stage 2 O 5 )2.49kg, potassium (K) 2 O)2.40kg, 3.33kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.41kg of magnesium (MgO); 0.64kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the color conversion period 2 O 5 )1.42kg, potassium (K) 2 2.63kg of O), 2.27kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.41kg of magnesium (MgO); after harvest, 1.07kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied 2 O 5 )0.80kg, potassium (K) 2 0.57kg of O), 1.67kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.33kg of magnesium (MgO).
The soil testing and formulated fertilization scheme of the garden 5 is as follows: phosphorus (P) administration at germination 2 O 5 )1.28kg, potassium (K) 2 1.83kg of O), 0.82kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.18kg of magnesium (MgO); long-term (pre-anthesis) application of phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 )1.39kg, potassium (K) 2 1.26kg of O), 0.82kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.17kg of magnesium (MgO); post-fruit setting application of phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 )2.34kg, potassium (K) 2 2.74kg of O), 1.71kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.31kg of magnesium (MgO); application of phosphorus (P) during seed development 2 O 5 )2.98kg, potassium (K) 2 2.40kg of O), 1.39kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.26kg of magnesium (MgO); application of phosphorus (P) during the color change phase 2 O 5 )1.70kg, potassium (K) 2 O)2.63kg, calcium (CaO)0.95kg, magnesium (MgO)0.20 kg; application of phosphorus (P) after harvesting 2 O 5 )0.96kg, potassium (K) 2 0.57kg of O), 0.69kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.17kg of magnesium (MgO).
The soil testing and formulated fertilization scheme of the garden 6 is as follows: 1.71kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the germination phase 2 O 5 )0.80kg, potassium (K) 2 1.37kg of O), 1.64kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.36kg of magnesium (MgO); applying 1.62kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to young sprout for a long time (before blossom) 2 O 5 )0.87kg, potassium (K) 2 O)0.94kg, calcium (CaO)1.64kg, magnesium (MgO)0.33 kg; after fruit setting, 2.10kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied 2 O 5 )1.47kg, potassium (K) 2 2.05kg of O), 3.41kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.61kg of magnesium (MgO); 1.81kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the seed development stage 2 O 5 )1.86kg, potassium (K) 2 1.80kg of O), 2.78kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.51kg of magnesium (MgO); 0.86kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied in the color conversion period 2 O 5 )1.07kg, Potassium (K) 2 O)1.97kg, calcium (CaO)1.89kg, magnesium (MgO)0.41 kg; after harvest, 1.43kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied 2 O 5 )0.60kg, potassium (K) 2 0.43kg of O), 1.39kg of calcium (CaO) and 0.33kg of magnesium (MgO).
3) Results and analysis
Through the soil testing formula fertilization test of 6 gardens, the weight of a single particle, the content of soluble solids and the content of anthocyanin are obviously improved, the content of titratable acid is obviously reduced, and the fruit quality of Molowa grape is effectively improved. Meanwhile, the conventional fertilization does not consider the soil nutrient condition of the garden, the total dosage of the pure nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizers per mu is about 48kg, the embodiment fertilization fully considers the soil nutrient condition of the garden and the nutrient requirement characteristics of the trees, the total dosage of the pure nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizers per mu from 1 to 6 of the garden is about 46kg, 29kg, 35kg, 45kg, 30kg and 40kg in sequence, and compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the fertilization is reduced by about 3-40%, the balanced supply of the fertilizers is realized, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizers is improved, the nutrient level of the trees is effectively improved, and the high-quality and high-efficiency production of the Mow multi-watt grapes is promoted.
TABLE 2 fruit quality index of 1 mol multi-watt grapes in the park
TABLE 3 fruit quality index of 2 Mole Multi-Watt grapes in the park
TABLE 4 fruit quality index of 3 Moldow grapes in the park
TABLE 5 fruit quality index of 4 Mole Multi-Watt grapes in the park
TABLE 6 fruit quality index of 5 Moldow grapes in the park
TABLE 7 fruit quality index of 6 Mole Multi-Watt grapes in the park
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A soil classification fertilization method based on Motorva fresh-eating grape cultivation is analyzed by combining a 5416 test with a CND nutrition diagnosis method, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: defining the content range of each available nutrient in the soil of the high-quality grape garden; setting a grading standard according to the content range; and (4) periodically measuring the content of each nutrient in the soil and setting the fertilizing amount according to the grading standard.
2. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the high-quality vineyard soil has respective available nutrient content ranges of: 48-139 mg/kg of available nitrogen, 27-132 mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 76-269 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, 2.19-4.15 g/kg of exchangeable calcium and 0.25-1.04 g/kg of exchangeable magnesium.
3. Fertilizing method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said grading criterion:
level 1: available nitrogen >166 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than 158 mg/kg; quick-acting potassium is more than 323 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium is greater than 4.98 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is greater than 1.25 g/kg;
and 2, stage: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 139mg/kg and less than or equal to 166 mg/kg; the available phosphorus is more than or equal to 132mg/kg and less than or equal to 158 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 269mg/kg and less than or equal to 323 mg/kg; the exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 4.15g/kg and less than or equal to 4.98 g/kg; the exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 1.04 and less than or equal to 1.25 g/kg;
and 3, level: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 109mg/kg and less than 139 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 97mg/kg and less than 132 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 206mg/kg and less than 269 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 3.51g/kg and less than 4.15 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 0.79g/kg and less than 1.04 g/kg;
4, level: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 79mg/kg and less than 109 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 63mg/kg and less than 97 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 141mg/kg and less than 206 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 2.85g/kg and less than 3.51 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 0.52g/kg and less than 0.79 g/kg;
and 5, stage: the available nitrogen is more than or equal to 48mg/kg and less than 79 mg/kg; the quick-acting phosphorus is more than or equal to 27mg/kg and less than 63 mg/kg; the quick-acting potassium is more than or equal to 76mg/kg and less than 141 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium is more than or equal to 2.19g/kg and less than 2.85 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is more than or equal to 0.25g/kg and less than 0.52 g/kg;
and 6, level: available nitrogen is less than 48 mg/kg; fast-acting phosphorus <27 mg/kg; quick-acting potassium is less than 76 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium <2.19 g/kg; exchangeable magnesium is less than 0.25 g/kg.
4. Fertilizing method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the fertilizing amount is: under the condition of 4-level soil elements, 6.35kg of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5.92kg of phosphate fertilizer, 7.61kg of potash fertilizer, 8.42kg of calcium fertilizer and 1.70kg of magnesium fertilizer are required to be applied to produce 1000kg of fruits;
when the element content is 6 grade, the fertilizer dosage is 1.5 times of the dosage of 4 grade;
when the element content is 5 grade, the fertilizer dosage is 1.2 times of the dosage of 4 grade;
when the element content is 3 grade, the fertilizer dosage is 0.75 time of the dosage of 4 grade;
when the element content is 2 grade, the fertilizer dosage is 0.5 time of the dosage of 4 grade;
when the element content is grade 1, the fertilizer is not applied.
5. The fertilization method according to claim 4, wherein the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphatic fertilizer, the potassic fertilizer, the calcium fertilizer and the magnesium fertilizer are applied at different application ratios in different periods:
nitrogenous fertilizer: 18% in the germination phase; applied 17% in the initial flowering phase; applying 22% at the end flowering period; the seed development period is 19%; the color conversion period is 9%; the harvesting period is 15%;
phosphate fertilizer: 12% in the germination phase; 13% is applied in the initial flowering phase; applying 22% at the end flowering period; the seed development period is 28%; the color conversion period is 16%; the harvesting period is 9%;
and (3) potassium fertilizer: 16% in the germination phase; 11% is applied in the initial flowering phase; applying 24% at the end flowering period; the seed development period is 21%; the color conversion period is 23%; the harvesting period is 5%;
calcium fertilizer: 13% for administration in the germination phase; 13% is applied in the initial flowering phase; 27% is applied at the end of the flowering period; the seed development period is 22%; the color conversion period is 15%; the harvesting period is 11%;
magnesium fertilizer: 14% in the germination phase; 13% is applied in the initial flowering phase; applying 24% at the end flowering period; the seed development period is 20%; the color conversion period is 16%; the harvesting period is 13 percent.
6. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in agricultural and industrial processes.
7. The use of claim 6, wherein the increase in Moore Powa grape unit weight, pericarp strength, average flesh firmness, soluble solids, vitamin C, and anthocyanin content; the titratable acid content is reduced.
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