CN111837843A - Rice and shrimp ecological co-culture method with stable water quality and low plant diseases and insect pests - Google Patents
Rice and shrimp ecological co-culture method with stable water quality and low plant diseases and insect pests Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention provides a rice and shrimp ecological co-culture method with stable water quality and low plant diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps of (1) rice field selection and transformation; (2) cultivating rice; (3) putting the snails, the clams and the corbicula in the annular shrimp ditch; administering a complex microbial agent; after the seedlings turn green, putting the young shrimps; (4) in the young shrimp stage, the depth of the paddy field is 50-60 cm; in the shrimp-forming stage, the water depth of the rice field is 65-70 cm; applying the EM microbial inoculum A to the annular shrimp ditch when the weather is continuous for more than 5 days and the high temperature weather is 32-33 ℃; applying the EM microbial inoculum B to the annular shrimp ditches in a rainy day of more than 5 continuous days; the invention can more reasonably control the water quality and the water level of the co-culture, effectively reduce the plant diseases and insect pests, improve the growth quality of rice and shrimps and realize the ecological co-culture of rice and shrimps with high and stable yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a rice and shrimp ecological co-cultivation method with stable water quality and low plant diseases and insect pests.
Background
The rice and shrimp co-culture is an ecological planting and breeding technology which integrates planting and breeding and realizes planting and breeding under the action of biological symbiosis and mutual benefits. With continuous research and popularization of a rice and shrimp co-culture mode, rapid development is achieved. However, the existing co-culture mode can not form a uniform and standard technology all the time, the requirement on water quality is high generally in the co-culture mode of rice and shrimps, plant diseases and insect pests are easily caused due to improper control of water quality and water level in the culture process, the growth quality of rice is influenced, the survival rate of shrimps is low, and the stable and high yield of the co-culture of rice and shrimps is limited. Therefore, in the existing rice and shrimp co-culture technology, a rice and shrimp ecological co-culture method which can control the co-culture water quality and water level more reasonably, effectively reduce plant diseases and insect pests, reduce pesticide application, improve the growth quality of rice and shrimps and realize high and stable yield is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a rice and shrimp ecological co-culture method with stable water quality and low plant diseases and insect pests.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a rice and shrimp ecological co-culture method with stable water quality and low plant diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps:
(1) rice field selection and transformation: selecting a rice field with good ecological environment, loam as soil and good water retention performance; excavating an annular shrimp ditch which accounts for 15-20% of the total area of the rice field along the inner side of the rice field, and planting submerged plants in the annular shrimp ditch before transplanting rice seedlings, wherein the coverage rate is 30-35%; the center of the rice field is a rice field planting area, annular ridges are established around the rice field planting area to separate annular shrimp ditches, and green manure is planted on the annular ridges;
(2) and (3) rice cultivation: transplanting lodging-resistant and pest-and-disease-resistant reed rice seedlings with the plant height of more than or equal to 8cm into a rice field planting area, wherein the planting density is 3000-3500 plants/mu;
(3) shrimp fry feeding and feeding management: 5-7 days before young shrimps are put in, 60-80 kg/mu of fresh and alive shellfish including 60-70% of spiral shell, 15-20% of mussel and 15-20% of corbicula fluminea are put in the annular shrimp ditch; applying 8-10 kg/mu of compound microbial agent to the rice planting area and the annular shrimp ditch 2-4 days before the shrimp seedlings are put in;
after the seedlings turn green, putting the young shrimps into the annular shrimp ditches at the density of 0.8-1.2 ten thousand tails per mu; in the young shrimp stage, mixed feed consisting of 70-80% of sorghum flour, 10-25% of mushroom bran and 5-10% of brewer's grain is adopted, and the mixed feed is fed for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the young shrimps; in the middle shrimp stage, a mixed feed consisting of 30-50% of soybean meal, 30-40% of sesame meal and 20-30% of shrimp shell powder is added, and the mixed feed is fed for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1.5-2.5% of the weight of adult shrimps; in the adult shrimp stage, a mixed feed consisting of 55-75% of fish meal and 25-45% of earthworm powder is added, the mixed feed is fed for 2 times a day, the daily feeding amount is 2.0-2.5% of the weight of adult shrimps, and aquatic plants are fed for 1 time a month, and the feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the adult shrimps;
(4) regulating and controlling water level and water quality: in the young shrimp stage, regularly keeping the water transparency of 30-40cm and keeping the water depth of the rice field to be 50-60 cm; in the adult shrimp stage, keeping the water depth of the rice field to be 65-70 cm; when the weather is continuous for more than 5 days and the high temperature is 32-33 ℃, applying EM microbial inoculum A containing bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacteria and acetic acid bacteria to the annular shrimp ditches, wherein the applying amount is 0.5-1.5 kg/mu, and applying for 1 time every 6-8 days; and when the weather is overcast and rainy for more than 5 days continuously, applying the EM microbial inoculum B containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and saccharomycetes to the annular shrimp ditches, wherein the spraying amount is 2.1-2.8 kg/mu, and the EM microbial inoculum B is sprayed for 1 time every 7-8 days.
Further, in the step (1), the width of the annular shrimp ditch is 2-3 m, the depth of the annular shrimp ditch is 1.5-1.6 m, and the slope ratio is 1: (1.5-2); the annular ridge is 0.4-0.6 m higher than the field surface, and the ridge width is 0.5-0.8 m.
Further, the submerged plant is any 5 of curly pondweed, yellowweed, goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata, pondweed, waterweed, water lily, and the coverage rate is 32%.
Further, the green manure is used for planting any one of rape, cogongrass, rutabaga and vetch in summer, and planting any one of soybean, bamboo bean, sesbania and tamarisk in winter.
Further explaining, in the step (3), 70 kg/mu of fresh and live shellfish is put into the annular shrimp ditch, and the fresh and live shellfish comprises 65% of spiral shell, 15% of mussel and 20% of corbicula fluminea.
Further explaining, in the step (3), the compound microbial agent comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of bacillus, 15-25 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 8-10 parts of nitrobacteria, 5-10 parts of acetic acid bacteria and 3-6 parts of bifidobacteria.
Further explaining, in the step (4), the EM microbial inoculum A is an EM microbial inoculum containing more than or equal to 65 mass percent of bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacteria and acetic acid bacteria; the mass ratio of the bacillus to the actinomycetes to the bifidobacterium to the acetic acid bacteria is as follows: (3-5): 1: 1.
Further explaining, in the step (4), the EM microbial inoculum B is an EM microbial inoculum containing more than or equal to 65 mass percent of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and yeast; the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria to the lactic acid bacteria to the nitrifying bacteria to the yeast is as follows: (4-8): 2: 2: 1.
further, the length of the juvenile shrimps is 1.2-1.5 cm, and when the juvenile shrimps grow to be more than or equal to 2.5cm, the juvenile shrimps are fed with the feed in the medium shrimp stage; when the adult shrimp grows to be more than or equal to 5.5cm, the adult shrimp stage feed is fed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages that the rice cultivation and the shrimp seedling throwing are strictly controlled on the basis of selecting the lodging-resistant and pest-and-disease-resistant reed rice and crayfish co-cultivation and carrying out partition transformation on the rice field, so that a good and stable deep-water-level rice and shrimp co-cultivation mode is realized; according to the invention, submerged plants with a certain coverage rate are planted in the annular shrimp ditch, and shells of snails, clams and clams with a certain proportion are thrown into the annular shrimp ditch before the young shrimps are thrown, so that the throwing environment of the young shrimps is better fertilized and hydrated, sufficient nutrition and a good water environment are provided for the growth of the young shrimps, and the water quality condition is improved by utilizing the compound microbial agent, so that the survival rate of the thrown young shrimps is effectively improved.
In the process of co-culturing rice and shrimps, by performing crayfish feeding management and water level adjustment in different stages and designing corresponding feed and feeding amount according to different growth stages of the shrimps, not only is rice growth prevented from being influenced by excessive feeding, but also nutrient substances required by shrimp growth cannot be met due to insufficient feeding; and according to the growth process of the deep water level of the rice and shrimp co-culture, the specific EM microbial inoculum is further utilized to adjust and control the water body, so that the quality of the cultured water body is ensured, the influence of factors such as different stages and different environments on the co-culture water quality is effectively controlled, the diseases of rice and crayfish are avoided, a stable water body growth environment is provided for the growth of the rice and crayfish, the growth quality of the crayfish and the yield of the rice are effectively improved, and the rice and shrimp ecological co-culture method with high and stable yield is realized.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Embodiment 1-a water quality stable, low pest and disease damage rice shrimp ecological co-culture method, including the following steps:
(1) rice field selection and transformation: selecting a rice field with good ecological environment, loam as soil and good water retention performance; excavating an annular shrimp ditch which is 15 percent of the total area of the rice field along the inner side of the rice field, wherein the width of the annular shrimp ditch is 2m, the depth of the annular shrimp ditch is 1.5m, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.5; before transplanting rice seedlings, planting submerged plants in the annular shrimp ditches, wherein the coverage rate is 30%; the center of the rice field is a rice field planting area, annular ridges are established around the rice field planting area to separate annular shrimp ditches, the annular ridges are 0.4m higher than the field surface, and the ridge width is 0.5 m; planting green manure on the annular ridge;
wherein the submerged plant is a combination of curly pondweed, yellowweed, hydrilla verticillata, waterweed and water lily; planting mouse couch grass in summer and bamboo beans in winter;
(2) and (3) rice cultivation: transplanting the lodging-resistant and pest-and-disease-resistant reed rice seedlings with the plant height of 8-10 cm into a rice field planting area, wherein the planting density is 3000 plants/mu;
(3) shrimp fry feeding and feeding management: 5 days before young shrimps are put in, 60 kg/mu of fresh and alive shellfish including 60% of snails, 20% of clams and 20% of clams are put in the annular shrimp ditches; applying 8 kg/mu of compound microbial agent to the rice planting area and the annular shrimp ditch 2 days before the shrimp seedlings are put; the composite microbial agent comprises 20 parts of bacillus, 15 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 8 parts of nitrobacteria, 5 parts of acetic acid bacteria and 3 parts of bifidobacteria according to parts by weight;
after the seedlings turn green, putting the young shrimps into the annular shrimp ditches at the density of 0.8 ten thousand tails per mu, wherein the length of the young shrimps is 1.2-1.5 cm; in the young shrimp stage, mixed feed consisting of 70% of sorghum flour, 25% of mushroom bran and 5% of brewer's grain is adopted, and the mixed feed is fed for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 0.5% of the weight of the young shrimps; when the young shrimps grow to be more than or equal to 2.5cm, in the middle shrimp stage, the mixed feed consisting of 30% of soybean meal, 40% of sesame seed meal and 30% of shrimp shell powder is added, and the young shrimps are fed for 2 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1.5% of the weight of the adult shrimps; when the adult shrimps grow more than or equal to 5.5cm, in the adult shrimp stage, a mixed feed consisting of 55% of fish meal and 45% of earthworm powder is added, the adult shrimps are fed for 2 times a day, the daily feeding amount is 2.0% of the weight of the adult shrimps, and aquatic plants are fed for 1 time a month, and the feeding amount is 1% of the weight of the adult shrimps;
(4) regulating and controlling water level and water quality: in the young shrimp stage, regularly keeping the water transparency of 30-40cm and keeping the water depth of the rice field to be 50 cm; in the adult shrimp stage, keeping the water depth of the rice field to be 65 cm; when the weather is continuous for more than 5 days and the high temperature is 32 ℃, applying EM microbial inoculum A containing bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacterium and acetic acid bacteria to the annular shrimp ditches, wherein the spraying amount is 0.5 kg/mu, and the EM microbial inoculum A is sprayed for 1 time every 6 days; when the weather is overcast and rainy for more than 5 days continuously, applying an EM microbial inoculum B containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and saccharomycetes to the annular shrimp ditch, wherein the spraying amount is 2.1 kg/mu, and the EM microbial inoculum B is sprayed for 1 time every 7 days;
wherein the EM microbial inoculum A is an EM microbial inoculum containing 65 mass percent of bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacterium and acetic acid bacteria; the mass ratio of the bacillus to the actinomycetes to the bifidobacterium to the acetic acid bacteria is as follows: 3:3:1: 1; the EM microbial inoculum B is an EM microbial inoculum containing 65 mass percent of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrobacteria and saccharomycetes; the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria to the lactic acid bacteria to the nitrifying bacteria to the yeast is as follows: 4: 2: 2: 1.
embodiment 2-a water quality stable, low pest and disease damage rice shrimp ecological co-culture method, including the following steps:
(1) rice field selection and transformation: selecting a rice field with good ecological environment, loam as soil and good water retention performance; the method comprises the following steps of excavating an annular shrimp ditch 20% of the total area of the rice field along the inner side of the rice field, wherein the width of the annular shrimp ditch is 3m, the depth of the annular shrimp ditch is 1.6m, and the slope ratio is 1: 2; before transplanting rice seedlings, planting submerged plants in the annular shrimp ditches, wherein the coverage rate is 35%; the center of the rice field is a rice field planting area, annular ridges are established around the rice field planting area to separate annular shrimp ditches, the annular ridges are 0.6m higher than the field surface, and the ridge width is 0.8 m; planting green manure on the annular ridge;
wherein the submerged plant is a combination of curly pondweed, hornwort, waterweed, water lily; planting vegetables in the green manure in summer and planting sesbania in winter;
(2) and (3) rice cultivation: transplanting the lodging-resistant and pest-and-disease-resistant reed rice seedlings with the plant height of 8-10 cm into a rice field planting area, wherein the planting density is 3500 plants/mu;
(3) shrimp fry feeding and feeding management: putting 80 kg/mu of fresh and alive shellfish including 70% of snails, 15% of clams and 15% of clams into the annular shrimp ditch 7 days before the young shrimps are put; applying 10 kg/mu of compound microbial agent to the rice planting area and the annular shrimp ditch 4 days before the shrimp seedlings are put; the composite microbial agent comprises 30 parts of bacillus, 25 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10 parts of nitrobacteria, 10 parts of acetic acid bacteria and 6 parts of bifidobacteria according to parts by weight;
after the seedlings turn green, putting the young shrimps into the annular shrimp ditches at the density of 1.2 ten thousand tails per mu, wherein the length of the young shrimps is 1.2-1.5 cm; in the young shrimp stage, mixed feed consisting of 80% of sorghum flour, 10% of mushroom bran and 10% of brewer's grain is adopted, and the mixed feed is fed for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 1.0% of the weight of the young shrimps; when the young shrimps grow to be more than or equal to 2.5cm, in the middle shrimp stage, the mixed feed consisting of 50% of soybean meal, 30% of sesame seed meal and 20% of shrimp shell powder is added, and the young shrimps are fed for 2 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 2.5% of the weight of the adult shrimps; when the adult shrimps grow more than or equal to 5.5cm, in the adult shrimp stage, a mixed feed consisting of 75% of fish meal and 25% of earthworm powder is added, the adult shrimps are fed for 2 times a day, the daily feeding amount is 2.5% of the weight of the adult shrimps, and aquatic plants are fed for 1 time a month, and the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the adult shrimps;
(4) regulating and controlling water level and water quality: in the young shrimp stage, regularly keeping the water transparency of 30-40cm and keeping the water depth of the rice field to be 60 cm; in the shrimp-forming stage, the water depth of the rice field is kept to be 70 cm; when the weather is continuous for more than 5 days and the high temperature of 33 ℃, applying the EM microbial inoculum A containing bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacterium and acetic acid bacteria to the annular shrimp ditches, wherein the spraying amount is 1.5 kg/mu, and the EM microbial inoculum A is sprayed for 1 time every 8 days; when the weather is overcast and rainy for more than 5 days continuously, applying an EM microbial inoculum B containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and saccharomycetes to the annular shrimp ditch, wherein the spraying amount is 2.8 kg/mu, and the EM microbial inoculum B is sprayed for 1 time every 8 days;
wherein the EM microbial inoculum A is an EM microbial inoculum containing 75 mass percent of bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacterium and acetic acid bacteria; the mass ratio of the bacillus to the actinomycetes to the bifidobacterium to the acetic acid bacteria is as follows: 5:5:1: 1; the EM microbial inoculum B is an EM microbial inoculum containing 75 mass percent of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrobacteria and saccharomycetes; the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria to the lactic acid bacteria to the nitrifying bacteria to the yeast is as follows: 8: 2: 2: 1.
embodiment 3-a water quality stable, low pest and disease damage rice shrimp ecological co-culture method, including the following steps:
(1) rice field selection and transformation: selecting a rice field with good ecological environment, loam as soil and good water retention performance; excavating an annular shrimp ditch which accounts for 18 percent of the total area of the rice field along the inner side of the rice field, wherein the width of the annular shrimp ditch is 2.5m, the depth of the annular shrimp ditch is 1.6m, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.8; before transplanting rice seedlings, planting submerged plants in the annular shrimp ditches, wherein the coverage rate is 32%; the center of the rice field is a rice field planting area, annular ridges are established around the rice field planting area to separate annular shrimp ditches, the annular ridges are 0.5m higher than the field surface, and the ridge width is 0.6 m; planting green manure on the annular ridge;
wherein the submerged plant is any 5 of curly pondweed, Goldfish algae, gathered grass, water caltrop and water lily grass, vetch is planted in summer when green manure is used, and tamarix chinensis is planted in winter;
(2) and (3) rice cultivation: transplanting the lodging-resistant and pest-and-disease-resistant reed rice seedlings with the plant height of 8-10 cm into a rice field planting area, wherein the planting density is 3200 plants/mu;
(3) shrimp fry feeding and feeding management: putting 70 kg/mu of fresh and alive shellfish including 65% of snails, 15% of clams and 20% of clams into the annular shrimp ditch 6 days before putting the young shrimps; applying 9 kg/mu of compound microbial agent to the rice planting area and the annular shrimp ditch 2 days before the shrimp seedlings are put; the composite microbial agent comprises, by weight, 25 parts of bacillus, 20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 9 parts of nitrobacteria, 7 parts of acetic acid bacteria and 5 parts of bifidobacteria;
after the seedlings turn green, putting the young shrimps into the annular shrimp ditches at the density of 1.1 ten thousand tails per mu, wherein the length of the young shrimps is 1.2-1.5 cm; in the young shrimp stage, mixed feed consisting of 75% of sorghum flour, 20% of mushroom bran and 5% of brewer's grains is adopted, and the mixed feed is fed for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 0.8% of the weight of the young shrimps; when the young shrimps grow to be more than or equal to 2.5cm, in the middle shrimp stage, a mixed feed consisting of 40% of soybean meal, 35% of sesame meal and 25% of shrimp shell powder is added, and the young shrimps are fed for 2 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 2.0% of the weight of the adult shrimps; when the adult shrimps grow more than or equal to 5.5cm, in the adult shrimp stage, a mixed feed consisting of 65% of fish meal and 35% of earthworm powder is added, the adult shrimps are fed for 2 times a day, the daily feeding amount is 2.3% of the weight of the adult shrimps, and aquatic plants are fed for 1 time a month, and the feeding amount is 1.5% of the weight of the adult shrimps;
(4) regulating and controlling water level and water quality: in the young shrimp stage, regularly keeping the water transparency of 30-40cm and keeping the water depth of the rice field to be 60 cm; in the shrimp-forming stage, the water depth of the rice field is kept to be 70 cm; when the weather is continuous for more than 5 days and the high temperature is 32 ℃, applying the EM microbial inoculum A containing bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacterium and acetic acid bacteria to the annular shrimp ditches, wherein the spraying amount is 1.0 kg/mu, and the EM microbial inoculum A is sprayed for 1 time every 7 days; when the weather is overcast and rainy for more than 5 days continuously, applying an EM microbial inoculum B containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and saccharomycetes to the annular shrimp ditch, wherein the spraying amount is 2.5 kg/mu, and the EM microbial inoculum B is sprayed for 1 time every 8 days;
wherein the EM microbial inoculum A is an EM microbial inoculum containing 70 mass percent of bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacterium and acetic acid bacteria; the mass ratio of the bacillus to the actinomycetes to the bifidobacterium to the acetic acid bacteria is as follows: 4:4:1: 1; the EM microbial inoculum B is an EM microbial inoculum containing 70 mass percent of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrobacteria and saccharomycetes; the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria to the lactic acid bacteria to the nitrifying bacteria to the yeast is as follows: 6: 2: 2: 1.
comparative example 1-method for ecologically co-cultivating rice and shrimp according to example 3, except that in step (3), 70 kg/mu of spiral shell is thrown into the annular shrimp ditch 6 days before the young shrimp is thrown, and the compound microbial agent is not applied, and the parameters of the rest steps are the same as those of example 3.
Comparative example 2-the ecological method for co-cultivating rice and shrimp according to example 3, except that in the step (3), in the young shrimp stage, the mixed feed consisting of 60% sorghum flour, 25% mushroom bran and 15% brewer's grain is used, and the mixed feed is fed for 1 time a day, wherein the feeding amount is 1.5% of the weight of the young shrimp; in the middle shrimp stage, a mixed feed consisting of 25% of soybean meal, 45% of sesame meal and 35% of shrimp shell powder is added and fed for 2 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3% of the weight of adult shrimps; in the adult shrimp stage, adding a mixed feed consisting of 45% of fish meal and 55% of earthworm powder, feeding for 2 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3% of the weight of adult shrimps, and feeding 1 time of aquatic plants every month, wherein the feeding amount is 3% of the weight of adult shrimps; the remaining process parameters were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3-the ecological method for co-cultivating rice and shrimp according to example 3, except that, in the step (4), the compound microbial agent of the step (3) is applied to the annular shrimp groves when the weather is high temperature at 32 ℃ for more than 5 consecutive days, the application amount is 1.0 kg/mu, and the application is performed 1 time every 7 days; and (3) applying the compound microbial agent in the step (3) to the annular shrimp ditches in rainy days of more than 5 days continuously, wherein the applying amount is 2.5 kg/mu, and the compound microbial agent is applied for 1 time every 8 days.
Comparative example 4-the ecological co-cultivation method of rice and shrimp according to example 3, except that in the step (4), EM agent a containing 40% by mass of bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacterium and acetic acid bacteria was applied to the circular shrimp sulcus when the weather was continuously high at 32 ℃ for 5 or more days, the mass ratio of bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacterium and acetic acid bacteria being: 4:4:1: 1; the spraying amount is 1.0 kg/mu, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 7 days; when the shrimp is continuously rainy for more than 5 days, applying an EM microbial inoculum B containing 40 mass percent of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and yeast into the annular shrimp ditch, wherein the mass percent of the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the nitrifying bacteria and the yeast is as follows: 6: 2: 2: 1; the spraying amount is 2.5 kg/mu, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 8 days.
According to the ecological rice and shrimp co-culture methods provided by the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the acre yield conditions and the disease conditions of crayfish and reed rice obtained by the above ecological rice and shrimp co-culture method are respectively counted, and the results are as follows:
| examples | Yield per mu/(kg) | Crayfish mu yield/(kg) | Hollylobster Holotrichia Barre disease/(%) |
| Example 1 | 673.1 | 194.5 | 1.3 |
| Example 2 | 685.6 | 208.3 | 1.5 |
| Example 3 | 691.8 | 213.7 | 1.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 627.4 | 124.2 | 1.9 |
| Comparative example 2 | 561.2 | 165.4 | 1.6 |
| Comparative example 3 | 507.5 | 103.2 | 2.8 |
| Comparative example 4 | 594.6 | 187.8 | 2.3 |
According to the above table, the rice and shrimp co-culture method of the embodiment 1-3 of the invention provides sufficient nutrition and good water body environment for the growth of the young shrimps, improves the survival rate of the young shrimps, effectively ensures the water body quality of co-culture, effectively controls the influence of factors of different stages, different environments and the like on the water quality of co-culture, provides a stable water body growth environment for the growth of reed rice and crayfish, avoids the occurrence of diseases of rice and crayfish, obviously reduces insect damage of reed rice, has good growth quality of crayfish and low black gill disease of crayfish, thereby effectively improving the growth quality of the crayfish and the yield of the reed rice, and the acre yield of the reed rice can reach 691.8 kg; the maximum acre yield of the crayfish can reach 213.7 mu. By comparing the results of example 3 with those of the comparative example, it is apparent that the acre yield of crayfish in comparative example 1 is significantly reduced because the survival rate of juvenile crayfish is decreased and at the same time the black gill disease rate of crayfish is increased; in comparative example 2, the acre yield of rice was significantly reduced because the excessive feeding of crayfish often affected the growth quality of rice; in the comparative example 3, the rice acre yield and the crayfish acre yield are both obviously reduced, and the incidence rate of crayfish is obviously improved; the water body is adjusted and controlled by using the specific EM microbial inoculum, so that the co-culture water body environment can be effectively improved, and the growth quality of lobsters and the yield of rice are effectively improved; in comparative example 4, the rice acre yield and the crayfish acre yield are still lower than those of example 3, which shows that the mass ratio of each microorganism bacterium is effectively regulated and controlled by using a specific EM microbial inoculum according to the influence of different environmental factors and the like on water quality, so that the regulation and control of the co-culture water quality are more effectively realized, and the healthy and ecological growth of the rice and the crayfish is utilized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A rice and shrimp ecological co-culture method with stable water quality and low plant diseases and insect pests is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) rice field selection and transformation: selecting a rice field with good ecological environment, loam as soil and good water retention performance; excavating an annular shrimp ditch which accounts for 15-20% of the total area of the rice field along the inner side of the rice field, and planting submerged plants in the annular shrimp ditch before transplanting rice seedlings, wherein the coverage rate is 30-35%; the center of the rice field is a rice field planting area, annular ridges are established around the rice field planting area to separate annular shrimp ditches, and green manure is planted on the annular ridges;
(2) and (3) rice cultivation: transplanting lodging-resistant and pest-and-disease-resistant reed rice seedlings with the plant height of more than or equal to 8cm into a rice field planting area, wherein the planting density is 3000-3500 plants/mu;
(3) shrimp fry feeding and feeding management: 5-7 days before young shrimps are put in, 60-80 kg/mu of fresh and alive shellfish including 60-70% of spiral shell, 15-20% of mussel and 15-20% of corbicula fluminea are put in the annular shrimp ditch; applying 8-10 kg/mu of compound microbial agent to the rice planting area and the annular shrimp ditch 2-4 days before the shrimp seedlings are put in;
after the seedlings turn green, putting the young shrimps into the annular shrimp ditches at the density of 0.8-1.2 ten thousand tails per mu; in the young shrimp stage, mixed feed consisting of 70-80% of sorghum flour, 10-25% of mushroom bran and 5-10% of brewer's grain is adopted, and the mixed feed is fed for 1 time every day, wherein the feeding amount is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the young shrimps; in the middle shrimp stage, a mixed feed consisting of 30-50% of soybean meal, 30-40% of sesame meal and 20-30% of shrimp shell powder is added, and the mixed feed is fed for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1.5-2.5% of the weight of adult shrimps; in the adult shrimp stage, a mixed feed consisting of 55-75% of fish meal and 25-45% of earthworm powder is added, the mixed feed is fed for 2 times a day, the daily feeding amount is 2.0-2.5% of the weight of adult shrimps, and aquatic plants are fed for 1 time a month, and the feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the adult shrimps;
(4) regulating and controlling water level and water quality: in the young shrimp stage, regularly keeping the water transparency of 30-40cm and keeping the water depth of the rice field to be 50-60 cm; in the adult shrimp stage, keeping the water depth of the rice field to be 65-70 cm; when the weather is continuous for more than 5 days and the high temperature is 32-33 ℃, applying EM microbial inoculum A containing bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacteria and acetic acid bacteria to the annular shrimp ditches, wherein the applying amount is 0.5-1.5 kg/mu, and applying for 1 time every 6-8 days; and when the weather is overcast and rainy for more than 5 days continuously, applying the EM microbial inoculum B containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and saccharomycetes to the annular shrimp ditches, wherein the spraying amount is 2.1-2.8 kg/mu, and the EM microbial inoculum B is sprayed for 1 time every 7-8 days.
2. The ecological co-culture method for rice and shrimp with stable water quality and low pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the width of the annular shrimp ditch is 2-3 m, the depth of the annular shrimp ditch is 1.5-1.6 m, and the slope ratio is 1: (1.5-2); the annular ridge is 0.4-0.6 m higher than the field surface, and the ridge width is 0.5-0.8 m.
3. The ecological co-culture method for rice and shrimp with stable water quality and low pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the submerged plant is any 5 of curly pondweed, yellowweed, goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata, poly grass, waterweed, water caltrop and water lily, and the coverage rate is 32%.
4. The ecological co-culture method for rice and shrimp with stable water quality and low pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the green manure is used for planting any one of rape, cogongrass, caulis et folium taeniae taeniacae and vetch in summer, and planting any one of soybean, bamboo bean, sesbania and tamarix chinensis in winter.
5. The ecological co-culture method for rice and shrimp with stable water quality and low pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), 70 kg/mu of fresh and live shellfish is put into the annular shrimp ditch, and the fresh and live shellfish comprises 65% of spiral shell, 15% of mussel and 20% of corbicula fluminea.
6. The ecological co-culture method for rice and shrimp with stable water quality and low pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the compound microbial agent comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of bacillus, 15-25 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 8-10 parts of nitrobacteria, 5-10 parts of acetic acid bacteria and 3-6 parts of bifidobacteria.
7. The ecological co-culture method for rice and shrimp with stable water quality and low pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the EM microbial inoculum A is an EM microbial inoculum containing more than or equal to 65 mass percent of bacillus, actinomycetes, bifidobacterium and acetic acid bacteria; the mass ratio of the bacillus to the actinomycetes to the bifidobacterium to the acetic acid bacteria is as follows: (3-5): 1: 1.
8. The ecological co-culture method for rice and shrimp with stable water quality and low pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the EM microbial inoculum B is an EM microbial inoculum containing more than or equal to 65 mass percent of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and saccharomycetes; the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria to the lactic acid bacteria to the nitrifying bacteria to the yeast is as follows: (4-8): 2: 2: 1.
9. the ecological co-culture method for rice and shrimp with stable water quality and low pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the length of the young shrimps is 1.2-1.5 cm, and when the young shrimps grow to be more than or equal to 2.5cm, the young shrimps are fed with the feed in the middle shrimp stage; when the adult shrimp grows to be more than or equal to 5.5cm, the adult shrimp stage feed is fed.
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